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Yukio Mishima

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Yukio Mishima

Kimitake Hiraoka (平岡 公威, Hiraoka Kimitake; 14 January 1925 – 25 November 1970), known by his pen name Yukio Mishima (三島 由紀夫, Mishima Yukio), was a Japanese author, poet, playwright, actor, model, Shintoist, ultranationalist, and the leader of an attempted coup d'état that culminated in his seppuku (ritual suicide). Mishima is considered one of the most important postwar stylists of the Japanese language. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times in the 1960s—including in 1968, when the award went to his countryman and benefactor Yasunari Kawabata. Mishima's works include the novels Confessions of a Mask and The Temple of the Golden Pavilion, and the autobiographical essay Sun and Steel. Mishima's work is characterized by "its luxurious vocabulary and decadent metaphors, its fusion of traditional Japanese and modern Western literary styles, and its obsessive assertions of the unity of beauty, eroticism and death", according to the author Andrew Rankin. Mishima's political activities made him a controversial figure; he remains so in Japan to the present day. From his mid-30s onwards, Mishima's far-right ideology and reactionary beliefs became increasingly evident. He extolled the traditional culture and spirit of Japan, and opposed what he saw as Western-style materialism, along with Japan's postwar democracy, globalism, and communism, worrying that by embracing these ideas the Japanese people would lose their "national essence" (kokutai) and distinctive cultural heritage to become a "rootless" people. In 1968, Mishima formed the Tatenokai ("Shield Society"), a private militia, for the purpose of protecting the dignity of the emperor as a symbol of national identity. On 25 November 1970, Mishima and four members of his militia entered a military base in central Tokyo, took its commandant hostage, and unsuccessfully tried to inspire the Japan Self-Defense Forces to rise up and overthrow Article 9 of the 1947 Constitution to restore autonomous national defense and the divinity of the emperor, after which he died by seppuku.

Infobox

Born
Kimitake Hiraoka(1925-01-14)14 January 1925Nagazumi-cho 2-banchi, Yotsuya-ku, Tokyo City, Tokyo Prefecture, Empire of Japan
Died
25 November 1970(1970-11-25) (aged 45).mw- JGSDF Camp IchigayaIchigaya Honmura-chō, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
Cause of death
Suicide by seppuku
Resting place
Tama Cemetery, Tokyo
Education
University of Tokyo (LLB)
Occupations
mw- li , li Writerplaywrightactormodeltheatre and film directorcivil servantpolitical activist
Employers
Ministry of FinanceTheatre "Bungakuza"
Organization
Tatenokai ("Shield Society")
Pen name
Yukio Mishima
Language
Japanese
Period
Contemporary (20th century)
Genres
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li Novelnovellashort storydrama (shingekinohkabukilibrettotranslated adaptation)scriptpoetrytravelogueautobiographical, critical and other essayslecturemanifesto
Literary movement
Postmodernismfusion
Years active
1938–1970
Notable works
Confessions of a MaskThe Temple of the Golden PavilionThe Sea of Fertility
Kanji
平岡 公威
Transcriptions
TranscriptionsRomanizationHiraoka Kimitake
Romanization
Hiraoka Kimitake

Tables

· Major works › Literature
花ざかりの森Hanazakari no Mori(short story)
花ざかりの森Hanazakari no Mori(short story)
Japanese title
花ざかりの森Hanazakari no Mori(short story)
English title
"Forest in Full Bloom"
Year (first appeared)
1941
English translator
Andrew Rankin
Year (English translation)
2000
サーカスSākasu(short story)
サーカスSākasu(short story)
Japanese title
サーカスSākasu(short story)
English title
"The Circus"
Year (first appeared)
1948
English translator
Andrew Rankin
Year (English translation)
1999
盗賊Tōzoku
盗賊Tōzoku
Japanese title
盗賊Tōzoku
English title
Thieves
Year (first appeared)
1947–1948
假面の告白(仮面の告白Kamen no Kokuhaku
假面の告白(仮面の告白Kamen no Kokuhaku
Japanese title
假面の告白(仮面の告白Kamen no Kokuhaku
English title
Confessions of a Mask
Year (first appeared)
1949
English translator
Meredith Weatherby
Year (English translation)
1958
ISBN
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }0-8112-0118-X
愛の渇きAi no Kawaki
愛の渇きAi no Kawaki
Japanese title
愛の渇きAi no Kawaki
English title
Thirst for Love
Year (first appeared)
1950
English translator
Alfred H. Marks
Year (English translation)
1969
ISBN
4-10-105003-1
純白の夜Junpaku no Yoru
純白の夜Junpaku no Yoru
Japanese title
純白の夜Junpaku no Yoru
English title
Pure White Nights
Year (first appeared)
1950
青の時代Ao no Jidai
青の時代Ao no Jidai
Japanese title
青の時代Ao no Jidai
English title
The Age of Blue
Year (first appeared)
1950
禁色Kinjiki
禁色Kinjiki
Japanese title
禁色Kinjiki
English title
Forbidden Colors
Year (first appeared)
1951–1953
English translator
Alfred H. Marks
Year (English translation)
1968–1974
ISBN
0-375-70516-3
真夏の死Manatsu no shi(short story)
真夏の死Manatsu no shi(short story)
Japanese title
真夏の死Manatsu no shi(short story)
English title
Death in Midsummer
Year (first appeared)
1952
English translator
Edward G. Seidensticker
Year (English translation)
1956
潮騒Shiosai
潮騒Shiosai
Japanese title
潮騒Shiosai
English title
The Sound of Waves
Year (first appeared)
1954
English translator
Meredith Weatherby
Year (English translation)
1956
ISBN
0-679-75268-4
詩を書く少年Shi o Kaku Shōnen(short story)
詩を書く少年Shi o Kaku Shōnen(short story)
Japanese title
詩を書く少年Shi o Kaku Shōnen(short story)
English title
"The Boy Who Wrote Poetry"
Year (first appeared)
1954
English translator
Ian H. Levy (Hideo Levy)
Year (English translation)
1977
沈める滝Shizumeru Taki
沈める滝Shizumeru Taki
Japanese title
沈める滝Shizumeru Taki
English title
The Sunken Waterfall
Year (first appeared)
1955
金閣寺Kinkaku-ji
金閣寺Kinkaku-ji
Japanese title
金閣寺Kinkaku-ji
English title
The Temple of the Golden Pavilion
Year (first appeared)
1956
English translator
Ivan Morris
Year (English translation)
1959
ISBN
0-679-75270-6
鹿鳴館Rokumeikan(play)
鹿鳴館Rokumeikan(play)
Japanese title
鹿鳴館Rokumeikan(play)
English title
Rokumeikan
Year (first appeared)
1956
English translator
Hiroaki Sato
Year (English translation)
2002
ISBN
0-231-12633-6
鏡子の家Kyōko no Ie
鏡子の家Kyōko no Ie
Japanese title
鏡子の家Kyōko no Ie
English title
Kyoko's House
Year (first appeared)
1959
宴のあとUtage no Ato
宴のあとUtage no Ato
Japanese title
宴のあとUtage no Ato
English title
After the Banquet
Year (first appeared)
1960
English translator
Donald Keene
Year (English translation)
1963
ISBN
0-399-50486-9
スタア"Sutā" (novella)
スタア"Sutā" (novella)
Japanese title
スタア"Sutā" (novella)
English title
Star (novella)
Year (first appeared)
1960
English translator
Sam Bett
Year (English translation)
2019
ISBN
978-0-8112-2842-8
憂國(憂国)Yūkoku(short story)
憂國(憂国)Yūkoku(short story)
Japanese title
憂國(憂国)Yūkoku(short story)
English title
"Patriotism"
Year (first appeared)
1961
English translator
Geoffrey W. Sargent
Year (English translation)
1966
ISBN
0-8112-1312-9
黒蜥蜴Kuro Tokage(play)
黒蜥蜴Kuro Tokage(play)
Japanese title
黒蜥蜴Kuro Tokage(play)
English title
The Black Lizard
Year (first appeared)
1961
English translator
Mark Oshima
Year (English translation)
2007
ISBN
1-929280-43-2
獣の戯れKemono no Tawamure
獣の戯れKemono no Tawamure
Japanese title
獣の戯れKemono no Tawamure
English title
The Frolic of the Beasts
Year (first appeared)
1961
English translator
Andrew Clare
Year (English translation)
2018
ISBN
978-0-525-43415-3
美しい星Utsukushii Hoshi
美しい星Utsukushii Hoshi
Japanese title
美しい星Utsukushii Hoshi
English title
Beautiful Star
Year (first appeared)
1962
English translator
Stephen Dodd
Year (English translation)
2022
ISBN
978-0-241-54556-0 (paperback)978-0-141-99258-7 (ebook)
肉体の学校Nikutai no Gakkō
肉体の学校Nikutai no Gakkō
Japanese title
肉体の学校Nikutai no Gakkō
English title
The School of Flesh
Year (first appeared)
1963
午後の曳航Gogo no Eikō
午後の曳航Gogo no Eikō
Japanese title
午後の曳航Gogo no Eikō
English title
The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea
Year (first appeared)
1963
English translator
John Nathan
Year (English translation)
1965
ISBN
0-679-75015-0
絹と明察Kinu to Meisatsu
絹と明察Kinu to Meisatsu
Japanese title
絹と明察Kinu to Meisatsu
English title
Silk and Insight
Year (first appeared)
1964
English translator
Hiroaki Sato
Year (English translation)
1998
ISBN
0-7656-0299-7
三熊野詣Mikumano Mōde(short story)
三熊野詣Mikumano Mōde(short story)
Japanese title
三熊野詣Mikumano Mōde(short story)
English title
"Acts of Worship"
Year (first appeared)
1965
English translator
John Bester
Year (English translation)
1995
ISBN
0-87011-824-2
孔雀Kujaku(short story)
孔雀Kujaku(short story)
Japanese title
孔雀Kujaku(short story)
English title
"The Peacocks"
Year (first appeared)
1965
English translator
Andrew Rankin
Year (English translation)
1999
ISBN
1-86092-029-2
サド侯爵夫人Sado Kōshaku Fujin(play)
サド侯爵夫人Sado Kōshaku Fujin(play)
Japanese title
サド侯爵夫人Sado Kōshaku Fujin(play)
English title
Madame de Sade
Year (first appeared)
1965
English translator
Donald Keene
Year (English translation)
1967
ISBN
1-86092-029-2
英霊の聲Eirei no Koe(short story)
英霊の聲Eirei no Koe(short story)
Japanese title
英霊の聲Eirei no Koe(short story)
English title
"Voices of the Fallen Heroes"
Year (first appeared)
1966
English translator
Paul McCarthy
Year (English translation)
2025
ISBN
978-0-593-80435-3
朱雀家の滅亡Suzaku-ke no Metsubō(play)
朱雀家の滅亡Suzaku-ke no Metsubō(play)
Japanese title
朱雀家の滅亡Suzaku-ke no Metsubō(play)
English title
The Decline and Fall of The Suzaku
Year (first appeared)
1967
English translator
Hiroaki Sato
Year (English translation)
2002
ISBN
0-231-12633-6
命売りますInochi Urimasu
命売りますInochi Urimasu
Japanese title
命売りますInochi Urimasu
English title
Life for Sale
Year (first appeared)
1968
English translator
Stephen Dodd
Year (English translation)
2019
ISBN
978-0-241-33314-3
わが友ヒットラーWaga Tomo Hittorā(play)
わが友ヒットラーWaga Tomo Hittorā(play)
Japanese title
わが友ヒットラーWaga Tomo Hittorā(play)
English title
My Friend Hitler and Other Plays
Year (first appeared)
1968
English translator
Hiroaki Sato
Year (English translation)
2002
ISBN
0-231-12633-6
癩王のテラスRaiō no Terasu(play)
癩王のテラスRaiō no Terasu(play)
Japanese title
癩王のテラスRaiō no Terasu(play)
English title
The Terrace of the Leper King (ja)
Year (first appeared)
1969
English translator
Hiroaki Sato
Year (English translation)
2002
ISBN
0-231-12633-6
豐饒の海(豊饒の海)Hōjō no Umi
豐饒の海(豊饒の海)Hōjō no Umi
Japanese title
豐饒の海(豊饒の海)Hōjō no Umi
English title
The Sea of Fertility tetralogy:
Year (first appeared)
1965–1971
ISBN
0-677-14960-3
I. 春の雪Haru no Yuki
I. 春の雪Haru no Yuki
Japanese title
I. 春の雪Haru no Yuki
English title
1. Spring Snow
Year (first appeared)
1965–1967
English translator
Michael Gallagher
Year (English translation)
1972
ISBN
0-394-44239-3
II. 奔馬Honba
II. 奔馬Honba
Japanese title
II. 奔馬Honba
English title
2. Runaway Horses
Year (first appeared)
1967–1968
English translator
Michael Gallagher
Year (English translation)
1973
ISBN
0-394-46618-7
III. 曉の寺Akatsuki no Tera
III. 曉の寺Akatsuki no Tera
Japanese title
III. 曉の寺Akatsuki no Tera
English title
3. The Temple of Dawn
Year (first appeared)
1968–1970
English translator
E. Dale Saunders and Cecilia S. Seigle
Year (English translation)
1973
ISBN
0-394-46614-4
IV. 天人五衰Tennin Gosui
IV. 天人五衰Tennin Gosui
Japanese title
IV. 天人五衰Tennin Gosui
English title
4. The Decay of the Angel
Year (first appeared)
1970–1971
English translator
Edward Seidensticker
Year (English translation)
1974
ISBN
0-394-46613-6
Japanese title
English title
Year (first appeared)
English translator
Year (English translation)
ISBN
花ざかりの森Hanazakari no Mori(short story)
"Forest in Full Bloom"
1941
Andrew Rankin
2000
サーカスSākasu(short story)
"The Circus"
1948
Andrew Rankin
1999
盗賊Tōzoku
Thieves
1947–1948
假面の告白(仮面の告白Kamen no Kokuhaku
Confessions of a Mask
1949
Meredith Weatherby
1958
mw- body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }0-8112-0118-X
愛の渇きAi no Kawaki
Thirst for Love
1950
Alfred H. Marks
1969
4-10-105003-1
純白の夜Junpaku no Yoru
Pure White Nights
1950
青の時代Ao no Jidai
The Age of Blue
1950
禁色Kinjiki
Forbidden Colors
1951–1953
Alfred H. Marks
1968–1974
0-375-70516-3
真夏の死Manatsu no shi(short story)
Death in Midsummer
1952
Edward G. Seidensticker
1956
潮騒Shiosai
The Sound of Waves
1954
Meredith Weatherby
1956
0-679-75268-4
詩を書く少年Shi o Kaku Shōnen(short story)
"The Boy Who Wrote Poetry"
1954
Ian H. Levy (Hideo Levy)
1977
沈める滝Shizumeru Taki
The Sunken Waterfall
1955
金閣寺Kinkaku-ji
The Temple of the Golden Pavilion
1956
Ivan Morris
1959
0-679-75270-6
鹿鳴館Rokumeikan(play)
Rokumeikan
1956
Hiroaki Sato
2002
0-231-12633-6
鏡子の家Kyōko no Ie
Kyoko's House
1959
宴のあとUtage no Ato
After the Banquet
1960
Donald Keene
1963
0-399-50486-9
スタア"Sutā" (novella)
Star (novella)
1960
Sam Bett
2019
978-0-8112-2842-8
憂國(憂国)Yūkoku(short story)
"Patriotism"
1961
Geoffrey W. Sargent
1966
0-8112-1312-9
黒蜥蜴Kuro Tokage(play)
The Black Lizard
1961
Mark Oshima
2007
1-929280-43-2
獣の戯れKemono no Tawamure
The Frolic of the Beasts
1961
Andrew Clare
2018
978-0-525-43415-3
美しい星Utsukushii Hoshi
Beautiful Star
1962
Stephen Dodd
2022
978-0-241-54556-0 (paperback)978-0-141-99258-7 (ebook)
肉体の学校Nikutai no Gakkō
The School of Flesh
1963
午後の曳航Gogo no Eikō
The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea
1963
John Nathan
1965
0-679-75015-0
絹と明察Kinu to Meisatsu
Silk and Insight
1964
Hiroaki Sato
1998
0-7656-0299-7
三熊野詣Mikumano Mōde(short story)
"Acts of Worship"
1965
John Bester
1995
0-87011-824-2
孔雀Kujaku(short story)
"The Peacocks"
1965
Andrew Rankin
1999
1-86092-029-2
サド侯爵夫人Sado Kōshaku Fujin(play)
Madame de Sade
1965
Donald Keene
1967
1-86092-029-2
英霊の聲Eirei no Koe(short story)
"Voices of the Fallen Heroes"
1966
Paul McCarthy
2025
978-0-593-80435-3
朱雀家の滅亡Suzaku-ke no Metsubō(play)
The Decline and Fall of The Suzaku
1967
Hiroaki Sato
2002
0-231-12633-6
命売りますInochi Urimasu
Life for Sale
1968
Stephen Dodd
2019
978-0-241-33314-3
わが友ヒットラーWaga Tomo Hittorā(play)
My Friend Hitler and Other Plays
1968
Hiroaki Sato
2002
0-231-12633-6
癩王のテラスRaiō no Terasu(play)
The Terrace of the Leper King (ja)
1969
Hiroaki Sato
2002
0-231-12633-6
豐饒の海(豊饒の海)Hōjō no Umi
The Sea of Fertility tetralogy:
1965–1971
0-677-14960-3
I. 春の雪Haru no Yuki
1. Spring Snow
1965–1967
Michael Gallagher
1972
0-394-44239-3
II. 奔馬Honba
2. Runaway Horses
1967–1968
Michael Gallagher
1973
0-394-46618-7
III. 曉の寺Akatsuki no Tera
3. The Temple of Dawn
1968–1970
E. Dale Saunders and Cecilia S. Seigle
1973
0-394-46614-4
IV. 天人五衰Tennin Gosui
4. The Decay of the Angel
1970–1971
Edward Seidensticker
1974
0-394-46613-6
· Major works › Critical essays
アポロの杯Aporo no Sakazuki
アポロの杯Aporo no Sakazuki
Japanese title
アポロの杯Aporo no Sakazuki
English title
The Cup of Apollo
Year (first appeared)
1952
不道徳教育講座Fudōtoku Kyōiku Kōza
不道徳教育講座Fudōtoku Kyōiku Kōza
Japanese title
不道徳教育講座Fudōtoku Kyōiku Kōza
English title
Lectures on Immoral Education
Year (first appeared)
1958–1959
私の遍歴時代Watashi no Henreki Jidai
私の遍歴時代Watashi no Henreki Jidai
Japanese title
私の遍歴時代Watashi no Henreki Jidai
English title
My Wandering Years
Year (first appeared)
1963
太陽と鐡(太陽と鉄)Taiyō to Tetsu
太陽と鐡(太陽と鉄)Taiyō to Tetsu
Japanese title
太陽と鐡(太陽と鉄)Taiyō to Tetsu
English title
Sun and Steel
Year (first appeared)
1965–1968
English translation, year
John Bester
ISBN
4-7700-2903-9
葉隠入門Hagakure Nyūmon
葉隠入門Hagakure Nyūmon
Japanese title
葉隠入門Hagakure Nyūmon
English title
On Hagakure: The Samurai Ethic and Modern Japan
Year (first appeared)
1967
English translation, year
Kathryn Sparling, 1977
ISBN
0-465-09089-3
文化防衛論Bunka Bōei-ron
文化防衛論Bunka Bōei-ron
Japanese title
文化防衛論Bunka Bōei-ron
English title
On the Defense of Culture
Year (first appeared)
1968
革命哲学としての陽明学Kakumei tetsugaku toshiteno Yomegaku
革命哲学としての陽明学Kakumei tetsugaku toshiteno Yomegaku
Japanese title
革命哲学としての陽明学Kakumei tetsugaku toshiteno Yomegaku
English title
Wang Yangming Thoughtas Revolutionary Philosophy
Year (first appeared)
1970
English translation, year
Harris I. Martin, 1971
Japanese title
English title
Year (first appeared)
English translation, year
ISBN
アポロの杯Aporo no Sakazuki
The Cup of Apollo
1952
不道徳教育講座Fudōtoku Kyōiku Kōza
Lectures on Immoral Education
1958–1959
私の遍歴時代Watashi no Henreki Jidai
My Wandering Years
1963
太陽と鐡(太陽と鉄)Taiyō to Tetsu
Sun and Steel
1965–1968
John Bester
4-7700-2903-9
葉隠入門Hagakure Nyūmon
On Hagakure: The Samurai Ethic and Modern Japan
1967
Kathryn Sparling, 1977
0-465-09089-3
文化防衛論Bunka Bōei-ron
On the Defense of Culture
1968
革命哲学としての陽明学Kakumei tetsugaku toshiteno Yomegaku
Wang Yangming Thoughtas Revolutionary Philosophy
1970
Harris I. Martin, 1971
· Major works › Plays for classical Japanese theatre
1950
1950
Year (first appeared)
1950
Japanese title
邯鄲Kantan
English title
The Magic Pillow
Genre
Noh
1951
1951
Year (first appeared)
1951
Japanese title
綾の鼓Aya no Tsuzumi
English title
The Damask Drum
Genre
Noh
1952
1952
Year (first appeared)
1952
Japanese title
卒塔婆小町Sotoba Komachi
English title
Komachi at the Gravepost
Genre
Noh
1954
1954
Year (first appeared)
1954
Japanese title
葵の上Aoi no Ue
English title
The Lady Aoi
Genre
Noh
1954
1954
Year (first appeared)
1954
Japanese title
鰯賣戀曳網(鰯売恋曳網)Iwashi Uri Koi Hikiami
English title
The Sardine Seller's Net of Love
Genre
Kabuki
1955
1955
Year (first appeared)
1955
Japanese title
班女Hanjo
English title
The Waiting Lady with the Fan
Genre
Noh
1955
1955
Year (first appeared)
1955
Japanese title
芙蓉露大内実記Fuyō no Tsuyu Ōuchi Jikki
English title
The Blush on the White Hibiscus Blossom:Lady Fuyo and the True Account of the Ōuchi Clan
Genre
Kabuki
1957
1957
Year (first appeared)
1957
Japanese title
道成寺Dōjōji
English title
Dōjōji Temple
Genre
Noh
1959
1959
Year (first appeared)
1959
Japanese title
熊野Yuya
English title
Yuya
Genre
Noh
1960
1960
Year (first appeared)
1960
Japanese title
弱法師Yoroboshi
English title
The Blind Young Man
Genre
Noh
1969
1969
Year (first appeared)
1969
Japanese title
椿説弓張月Chinsetsu Yumiharizuki
English title
A Wonder Tale: The Moonbow or Half Moon (like a Bow and arrow setting up):The Adventures of Tametomo
Genre
Kabuki
Year (first appeared)
Japanese title
English title
Genre
1950
邯鄲Kantan
The Magic Pillow
Noh
1951
綾の鼓Aya no Tsuzumi
The Damask Drum
Noh
1952
卒塔婆小町Sotoba Komachi
Komachi at the Gravepost
Noh
1954
葵の上Aoi no Ue
The Lady Aoi
Noh
1954
鰯賣戀曳網(鰯売恋曳網)Iwashi Uri Koi Hikiami
The Sardine Seller's Net of Love
Kabuki
1955
班女Hanjo
The Waiting Lady with the Fan
Noh
1955
芙蓉露大内実記Fuyō no Tsuyu Ōuchi Jikki
The Blush on the White Hibiscus Blossom:Lady Fuyo and the True Account of the Ōuchi Clan
Kabuki
1957
道成寺Dōjōji
Dōjōji Temple
Noh
1959
熊野Yuya
Yuya
Noh
1960
弱法師Yoroboshi
The Blind Young Man
Noh
1969
椿説弓張月Chinsetsu Yumiharizuki
A Wonder Tale: The Moonbow or Half Moon (like a Bow and arrow setting up):The Adventures of Tametomo
Kabuki
· Major works › Films
1951
Role(s)
Unreleased in the U.S.
Notes
an extra (dance party scene)
1959
Role(s)
Unreleased in the U.S.
Notes
himself as navigator
1960
Role(s)
Afraid to Die
Notes
Takeo Asahina(main character)
1966
Role(s)
The Rite of Love and DeathPatriotism
Notes
Shinji Takeyama(main character)
1968
Role(s)
Black Lizard
Notes
Human Statue
1969
Role(s)
Tenchu!
Notes
Tanaka Shinbei
Year
Title
United States release title(s)
Character
Director
1951
純白の夜Jumpaku no Yoru
Unreleased in the U.S.
an extra (dance party scene)
Hideo Ōba
1959
不道徳教育講座Fudōtoku Kyōikukōza
Unreleased in the U.S.
himself as navigator
Katsumi Nishikawa
1960
からっ風野郎Karakkaze Yarō
Afraid to Die
Takeo Asahina(main character)
Yasuzo Masumura
1966
憂国Yūkoku
The Rite of Love and DeathPatriotism
Shinji Takeyama(main character)
Yukio Mishima,Domoto Masaki (sub)
1968
黒蜥蜴Kurotokage
Black Lizard
Human Statue
Kinji Fukasaku
1969
人斬りHitokiri
Tenchu!
Tanaka Shinbei
Hideo Gosha

References

  1. mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw- UK: /ˈmɪʃɪmə/, US: /-mɑː, ˈmiːʃimɑː, mɪˈʃiːmə/, Japanese: [miɕima].
  2. Yoritaka's eldest son was Matsudaira Yorinori who died at the age of 33 when he was ordered to commit seppuku by the sho
  3. Mishima had told about his bloodline that; "I'm a descendant of the peasants and samurais, and my way of working is like
  4. 輔仁 (Hojin) is an East Asian name composed of two characters which individually mean "assistance" and "benevolence".
  5. At the end of this debut work, a limpid "tranquility" is drawn, and it is often pointed out by some literature researche
  6. Kuniko Mitani, the sister of Makoto Mitani (三谷信), would become the model for "Sonoko" in Confessions of a Mask. Mishima
    https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%B0%B7%E4%BF%A1
  7. In the occupation of Japan, SCAP executed "sword hunt", and 3 million swords which had been owned by the Japanese people
  8. In 1956, the Japanese government had issued an economic white paper that famously declared, "The postwar is now over" (M
  9. As for the evaluation of Fukushima's book, it is attracting attention as material for learning about Mishima's friendshi
    https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%9D%82%E5%89%9B
  10. On one occasion, when Mishima missed the new issue of Weekly Shōnen Magazine on its release day because he had been shoo
  11. After that, Disneyland became Mishima's favorite. And, in the New Year of 1970, the year he was determined to die, he ha
  12. A record of this debate was published in June 1969 by Shinchōsha under the title Debate: Yukio Mishima vs. Tokyo Univers
    https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%8E%E8%AB%96_%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%B6%E7%94%B1%E7%B4%80%E5%A4%ABvs.%E6%9D%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%A8%E5%85%B1%E9%97%98%E2%80%95%E7%BE%8E%E3%81%A8%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93%E3%81%A8%E6%9D%B1%E5%A4%A7%E9%97%98%E4%BA%89
  13. Journalist Masayasu Hosaka (保阪正康) argues that the reason "Mishima was disappointed" after this debate was because the Ze
    https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E9%98%AA%E6%AD%A3%E5%BA%B7
  14. This is the survived member Masayoshi Koga (小賀正義)'s testimony.
    https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%B3%80%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9
  15. Morita had a girlfriend named Yumiko Shibata (柴田由美子). Her first grandchild was named "Masakatsu".
  16. Immediately after the incident, Yasunari Kawabata rushed to the Ichigaya camp, but was unable to enter the commandant's
  17. Matsumoto 1990, p. 12
  18. Stokes-e 2000, p. 3
  19. Collins English Dictionary
    https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/mishima
  20. Lexico Dictionaries
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200928091009/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/mishima,_yukio
  21. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
    https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Mishima
  22. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
    https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Mishima
  23. University of Sheffield
    https://historymatters.sites.sheffield.ac.uk/blog-archive/2023/violence-masculinity-and-fascism-in-1960s-japan
  24. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/12/magazine/a-new-japanese-nationalism.html
  25. "ND on Film: Patriotism"
    https://www.ndbooks.com/article/nd-on-film-patriotism/
  26. The New York Review of Books
    https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2019/05/23/yukio-mishima-night-blood-death/
  27. The Japan Times
    https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2013/05/05/books/book-reviews/revealing-the-many-masks-of-mishima/
  28. Mishima, Aesthetic Terrorist: An Intellectual Portrait
  29. Culture Trip
    https://web.archive.org/web/20240203061939/https://theculturetrip.com/asia/japan/articles/yukio-mishima-a-conflicted-martyr
  30. Japan Today
    https://japantoday.com/category/features/opinions/yukio-mishima-the-lost-samurai
  31. The Japan Times
    https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2015/11/21/general/yukio-mishimas-enduring-unexpected-influence/
  32. The New York Times
    https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/10/25/specials/mishima-mag.html
  33. Jacobin
    https://jacobin.com/2020/11/yukio-mishima-far-right-anniversary-death
  34. Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1985/10/15/mishima-impossible/84e5f1a6-a2d4-4785-94ff-1d60eb7fbf91/
  35. Ando 1998, pp. 338–339
  36. Muramatsu 1990, pp. 474–480, 503, 508
  37. Toda 1978, pp. 91–105, 169–172
  38. O-Encyclo 1976, pp. 246–247
  39. Suzuki 2005, pp. 72–80
  40. Ando 1998, pp. 259–261
  41. Encyclo 2000, pp. 210–211, 519–520, 523–524
  42. Mishima's Geki (last Manifesto) on 25 November 1970 was collected in Complete36 2003, pp. 402–406
  43. Encyclo 2000, pp. 604–606
  44. Yamamoto 2001, pp. 32–43
  45. Ando 1998, pp. 7–8
  46. Azusa 1996, pp. 31–47
  47. Inose-j 1999, p. 247
  48. Matsumoto 1990, pp. 16–17, 52
  49. Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi)
    https://web.archive.org/web/20041010211118/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/mishima.htm
  50. Etsugu 1983, pp. 71–140
  51. Family tree of the Matsudaira family in Etsugu 1983, pp. 137–140, 234–235
  52. reichsarchiv.jp
    http://reichsarchiv.jp/%E5%AE%B6%E7%B3%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88/%E6%B0%B4%E6%88%B8%E6%94%AF%E6%B5%81%E6%9D%BE%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%8F%EF%BC%88%E5%AE%8D%E6%88%B8%E8%97%A9%E3%83%BB%E5%BE%A1%E9%80%A3%E6%9E%9D%EF%BC%89#hsyorisuke
  53. Inose-j 1999, pp. 25–111
  54. Mainichi Shimbun
  55. "Mishima, Yukio (1925–1970)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150221212112/http://www.glbtq.com/literature/mishima_y.html
  56. "Yukio Mishima (January 14, 1925 – November 25, 1970"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20081121134553/http://jlit.net/authors_works/mishima_yukio.html
  57. Shinchō
  58. Azusa 1996, pp. 45–47
  59. Ando 1996, p. 18
  60. Complete42 2005, pp. 17–18
  61. Azusa 1996, pp. 62–64, 84–86
  62. Okuno 2000, pp. 136–138
  63. Tokyo Shimbun
    https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E3%81%AE%E9%81%8D%E6%AD%B4%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3
  64. Ando 1998, p. 38
  65. "Guide to Yamanakako Forest Park of Literature (Mishima Yukio Literary Museum)"
    http://www.mishimayukio.jp/english/en_guide.html
  66. Complete42 2005, pp. 377–462
  67. Okuno 2000, pp. 421–450
  68. Encyclo 2000, pp. 335–345
  69. Hanazakari no Mori
  70. Gunzo
  71. Azusa 1996, p. 87
  72. Bungei Bunka (Nihonbungaku No Kai)
  73. Inose-e 2012, pp. 86
  74. Inose-e 2012, pp. 88
  75. Muramatsu 1990, pp. 488–492
  76. Ando 1996, p. 59
  77. "Zenmei Hasuda and His Death" Written by Jirō Odakane
  78. Private Note
  79. Encyclo 2000, pp. 185–187, 222–223
  80. Mitani 1999, pp. 14–15
  81. Style
  82. Complete42 2005, p. 95
  83. Album 1983, p. 18
  84. See for example, Tatsumi Okabe, "Revival of Japanese Militarism?" The Institute of South East Asian Studies Occasional P
  85. Myōjō
  86. Azusa 1996, pp. 69–72
  87. Matsumoto 1990, p. 47
  88. Stokes 1974, pp. 105–106. sfn error: no target: CITEREFStokes1974 (help)
  89. Confessions of a Mask
  90. Six Lives, Six Deaths: Portraits from Modern Japan
  91. Scott-Stokes 1974, pp. 105–106.
  92. photograph of the will in Album 1983, p. 21
  93. Mitani 1999, pp. 88–94
  94. Ando 1996, p. 77
  95. Hirano 2023, pp. 61–64
  96. Mishima's letter to Makoto Mitani (April 21, 1945) Complete38 2004, pp. 917–918
  97. Mishima's letters to his friends (Makoto Mitani, Akira Kanzaki) and teacher Fumio Shimizu in August 1945, collected in C
  98. Mitani 1999, pp. 112–131
  99. Ando 1996, p. 82
  100. Private Note
  101. Ando 1996, p. 83, Ando 1998, p. 103
  102. Okuno 2000, p. 197
  103. Jurō 2005, pp. 99–156
  104. Azusa 1996, pp. 78–80
  105. Yuasa 1984, pp. 111–112
  106. Muramatsu 1990, pp. 91–97
  107. Ando 1996, p. 85
  108. Mishima's letter to Chikayoshi Ninagawa in 1949, Ando 1996, p. 120, Inose-j 1999, p. 262
  109. Shinchō
  110. Ando 1996, pp. 85–86
  111. Ando 1998, pp. 103–104
  112. Azusa 1996, pp. 64–68
  113. Azusa 1996, pp. 83–84
  114. Complete38 2004, pp. 200–202
  115. Jurō 2005, p. 127
  116. Etsugu 1983, pp. 91–97
  117. Nosaka 1991, pp. 5–76
  118. Yomiuri Shimbun
  119. Weekly Playboy 1978 August Issue (Posthumous publication)
  120. Kapur 2018, pp. 181–182.
  121. Complete38 2004, pp. 200–202, 313–318
  122. Kimura 1995, pp. 247–267
  123. Honda1 2005, pp. 70–88
  124. Matsumoto 1990, p. 56
  125. Tokyo Shimbun
  126. Matsumoto 1990, p. 57
  127. Tokyo Shimbun
  128. Encyclo 2000, pp. 230–231
  129. Honda2 2005, pp. 101–103
  130. Human
  131. Itagaki 2016, pp. 27–44
  132. Stokes-e 2000, pp. 89–90
  133. Encyclo 2000, pp. 476–479, 484–485
  134. Journal of College of International Studies, Chubu University
    https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110000466317/
  135. Encyclo 2000, p. 153
  136. Bungakukai
  137. Ushio
  138. Encyclo 2000, pp. 92–97
  139. Kapur 2018, p. 217.
  140. Advertising Leaflet
  141. Shinchō
  142. Kapur 2018, pp. 251–252.
  143. Inose-j 1999, pp. 346–347
  144. Muramatsu 1990, pp. 279–282
  145. Mishima's letter to Yasunari Kawabata on 18 December 1959, collected in Complete38 2004, pp. 291–292
  146. Eiga Geijutsu
  147. Ando 1998, pp. 205–207
  148. Kapur 2018, p. 250.
  149. Kapur 2018, pp. 250–251.
  150. Kapur 2018, p. 251.
  151. Mainichi Shimbun
  152. Encyclo 2000, p. 305
  153. Tekina 2015, pp. 20–22
  154. Mass communication in Japan
    https://books.google.com/books?id=hzfVsTpRFBYC&pg=PA187
  155. Kapur 2018, p. 213.
  156. Inose-e 2012, pp. 454
  157. Appendix of Madame de Sade
  158. Inose-e 2012, pp. 453–454
  159. Encyclo 2000, p. 149
  160. Taiyo 2010, pp. 104–105
  161. Nobel prize
    https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=12680
  162. Japan Times
    http://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2015/08/29/books/mishima-murakami-elusive-nobel-prize/
  163. Japan Times
    http://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2013/05/05/books/revealing-the-many-masks-of-mishima/#.UY1fG7_fJlI
  164. My Mother/Madame Edwarda/The Dead Man
  165. Encyclo 2000, pp. 457–458
  166. Reseach2 2006, pp. 139–151
  167. The Routledge Companion to Theatre-Fiction
    https://www.routledge.com/the-routledge-companion-to-theatre-fiction/wolfe/p/book/9781032069906
  168. The Japan journals: 1947–2004
    https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/773692477
  169. Shiine 2012, pp. 27–33
  170. Shiine 2012, p. 104
  171. RadioFreeEurope RadioLiberty
    https://www.rferl.org/a/inside-the-soviet-kgb-s-secret-war-on-western-books/29894541.html
  172. Side 2014, pp. 71–74
  173. Iwashita 2008, pp. 44–53, 148–155, 161–169, Iwashita 2016, pp. 54–57, 216–219
  174. Yuasa 1984, pp. 120–122
  175. Iwashita 2016, pp. 240–241, 247–249
  176. The Sunday Times
    https://www.thetimes.com/comment/register/article/briton-let-author-commit-hara-kiri-dfq6rxtck7f
  177. Matsumoto 1990, pp. 122–123
  178. Matsumoto 1990, pp. 131–132, 149
  179. "Japan to tap South Korea envoy Koji Tomita as U.S. ambassador"
    https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/12/4e3fcac5de20-urgent-japan-to-tap-s-korea-envoy-tomita-as-us-ambassador.html
  180. Scott-Stokes 1974, p. 130.
  181. The New York Times
    https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C02E7DD133BF936A2575AC0A963948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all#
  182. Itasaka 1998, pp. 229–231
  183. Complete42 2005, pp. 365, 367
  184. Itasaka 1998, pp. 232–235
  185. The View from New York
    http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2008/12/29/commentary/suppressing-more-than-free-speech/
  186. Japan Uni Copyright Center
    http://www.translan.com/jucc/precedent-2000-05-23.html
  187. Fukushima 1998, pp. 7, 273
  188. Itasaka 1998, pp. 235–239
  189. Itasaka 1998, pp. 240–243
  190. Setouchi 2003, pp. 161–163
  191. Kapur 2018, pp. 255–259.
  192. Kapur 2018, p. 257.
  193. Kapur 2018, p. 259.
  194. Principle of national innovation
  195. Komatsu 1991, p. 375
  196. Reli 1972, pp. 54–55
  197. Muramatsu 1990, pp. 361–368
  198. Encyclo 2000, pp. 462–463
  199. Encyclo 2000, pp. 462–463, 626
  200. Testi 2011, pp. 125–158
  201. Side 2014, pp. 85–89
  202. Complete42 2005, pp. 267–268
  203. Tokyo Olympics reports are collected in Complete33 2003, pp. 171–196
  204. Mainichi Shimbun
  205. Side 2014, pp. 152–155
  206. Sunday Mainichi
  207. Manga Yomiuri
  208. Encyclo 2000, pp. 603–604
  209. The Sunday and Magazine: 15 years of Start and Struggles
  210. Shōsetsu Shinchō
  211. Chūōkōron
  212. Yukito 2014, pp. 40–41
  213. Uchūjin
  214. Nami
  215. Matsumoto 1990, p. 158
  216. Scott-Stokes 2012, pp. 168–170
  217. Kawashima 1996, p. 234
  218. Appendix of Voices of the Fallen Heroes
  219. Keene 2003, p. 54.
  220. Comparative Literature Studies
    https://doi.org/10.5325/complitstudies.52.1.0065
  221. Complete42 2005, p. 288
  222. Nishi 2020, pp. 187–207
  223. Inose-e 2012, pp. 521–522
  224. Inose-e 2012, pp. 522–527
  225. Inose-e 2012, pp. 521
  226. The Heart of the Warrior: Origins and Religious Background of the Samurai System in Feudal Japan
  227. Keene 2003, p. 53.
  228. Must 1998, pp. 56–57
  229. Chūō Kōron
  230. Rethinking Identity in Modern Japan: Nationalism as Aesthetics
  231. Consuming Bodies: Sex and Contemporary Japanese Art
  232. Inose-e 2012, pp. 417, 581
  233. My Friend Hitler
  234. Inose-e 2012, p. 580
  235. Inose-e 2012, pp. 580–581
  236. Encyclo 2000, pp. 26–27
  237. Evening Standard
    https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/books/life-for-sale-by-yukio-mishima-review-a4203166.html
  238. Nishi 2020, pp. 80–82
  239. Hiroshi Mochimaru, "The Tatenokai and the Controversy Journal" (Appendix of Complete32 2003)
  240. Complete42 2005, p. 295
  241. Inose-e 2012, pp. 540
  242. Azusa 1996, pp. 171–173
  243. Coed Revolution: The Female Student and the Japanese New Left
    https://books.google.com/books?id=vscWEAAAQBAJ
  244. Scott-Stokes 1974, pp. 275–276.
  245. Debate: Yukio Mishima vs. Tokyo University Zenkyōtō - Beauty, Community, and the Tokyo University Struggle (討論 三島由紀夫vs.東
    https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%8E%E8%AB%96_%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%B6%E7%94%B1%E7%B4%80%E5%A4%ABvs.%E6%9D%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%A8%E5%85%B1%E9%97%98%E2%80%95%E7%BE%8E%E3%81%A8%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93%E3%81%A8%E6%9D%B1%E5%A4%A7%E9%97%98%E4%BA%89
  246. Yukio Mishima Alogical eulogy for the desert dwellers: closing the debate (砂漠の住民への論理的弔辞――討論を終へて) (1969), collected in D
    https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%8E%E8%AB%96_%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%B6%E7%94%B1%E7%B4%80%E5%A4%ABvs.%E6%9D%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%A8%E5%85%B1%E9%97%98%E2%80%95%E7%BE%8E%E3%81%A8%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93%E3%81%A8%E6%9D%B1%E5%A4%A7%E9%97%98%E4%BA%89
  247. Hosaka 2001, pp. 199–213
  248. Encyclo 2000, pp. 513–514
  249. Monthly Pen
  250. Tokuoka 1999, pp. 32–33
  251. Encyclo 2000, pp. 447–448, Reseach6 2008, p. 179
  252. Sea of Fertility
    https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2015/08/22/books/descending-depths-yukio-mishimas-sea-fertility/
  253. The Sea of Fertility
  254. Dialogue: Human being and Literatures
    https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BN04404448/
  255. Los Angeles Times
    https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-05-13-bk-118-story.html
  256. Inose-e 2012, pp. 486
  257. Muramatsu 1990, pp. 421–426
  258. Suzuki 2005, pp. 19–22, 70
  259. Draft for platform of the Japan National Guard
  260. Yukio Mishima
    https://books.google.com/books?id=DSUmCQAAQBAJ
  261. Inose-e 2012, pp. 540–541, 622
  262. Murakami 2010, pp. 41–45
  263. Hosaka 2001, pp. 218–223
  264. Vanguard Performance Beyond Left and Right
  265. Murata 2015, pp. 74–76
  266. Murata 2015, pp. 87–88
  267. Yukio Mishima
    https://books.google.com/books?id=DSUmCQAAQBAJ
  268. Inose-e 2012, p. 719
  269. Sugiyama 2007, pp. 204–206
  270. Hosaka 2001, pp. 18–25
  271. Date 1972, pp. 109–116
  272. Date 1972, pp. 117–122
  273. Nakamura 2015, pp. 200–229
  274. Ando 1998, pp. 309–310
  275. Mochi 2010, pp. 171–172
  276. Yumiko 2024, pp. 27–35
  277. Reseach24 2024, pp. 156–157
  278. Yumiko 2024, pp. 240–241
  279. Chicago Tribune
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200229012841/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45824560/chicago-tribune/
  280. The Pleasures of Japanese Literature
    https://archive.org/details/pleasuresofjapan0000keen_a4h4/page/62/mode/2up?q=62&view=theater
  281. Shincho Extra Edition Yukio Mishima Reader
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