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Yangon

Updated: Wikipedia source

Yangon

Yangon, sometimes romanised in English as Rangoon, is the capital of the Yangon Region and the largest city of Myanmar. Yangon was the capital of Myanmar until 2005 and served as such until 2006, when the military government relocated the administrative functions to the purpose-built capital city of Naypyidaw in north central Myanmar. With over five million people, Yangon is Myanmar's most populous city and its most important commercial centre. Yangon boasts the largest number of colonial-era buildings in Southeast Asia, and has a unique colonial-era urban core that is remarkably intact. The colonial-era commercial core is centred around the Sule Pagoda, which is reputed to be over 2,000 years old. The city is also home to the gilded Shwedagon Pagoda – Myanmar's most sacred and famous Buddhist pagoda. Yangon suffers from deeply inadequate infrastructure, especially compared to other major cities in Southeast Asia, such as Jakarta, Bangkok or Hanoi. Though many historic residential and commercial buildings have been renovated throughout central Yangon, most satellite towns that ring the city continue to be profoundly impoverished and lack basic infrastructure.

Infobox

Country
Myanmar
Region
Yangon Region
Settled
c. 1028–1043 CE
• Mayor
Bo Htay[citation needed]
• Urban
5,160,512
• Metro
US$ 10.7 billion (2016)
• Rank
1st in Myanmar
• Urban density
8,618.8/km2 (22,323/sq mi)
• Rural
2,200,191
• Metro density
723.8/km2 (1,875/sq mi)
• Ethnicities
List of ethnicities Bamar Burmese Chinese Burmese Indians Chin Rakhine Mon Karen Shan Kayah Kachin
• Religions
List of religions Buddhism 91% Islam 4.7% Christianity 3.2% Hinduism 1.0% Others 0.1%
Demonym
Yangonite
Time zones
UTC 06:30 (Asia/Yangon or Asia/Rangoon)
Area code
01
Geocode
Yangon
ISO 3166 code
MM06
Vehicle registration
YGN
Website
yangon.gov.mm

Tables

Month
Month
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Month
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Jan
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Feb
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Mar
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Apr
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
May
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Jun
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Jul
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Aug
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Sep
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Oct
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Nov
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Dec
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Year
Record high °C (°F)
Record high °C (°F)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Record high °C (°F)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
39.0(102.2)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
39.8(103.6)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
40.4(104.7)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
42.2(108.0)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
42.0(107.6)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
40.0(104.0)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
37.8(100.0)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
37.2(99.0)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
38.9(102.0)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
38.0(100.4)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
38.9(102.0)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
35.6(96.1)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
42.2(108.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
33.1(91.6)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
35.1(95.2)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
36.8(98.2)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
37.7(99.9)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
34.5(94.1)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
31.3(88.3)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
30.6(87.1)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
30.3(86.5)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
31.3(88.3)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
32.7(90.9)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
33.6(92.5)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
32.9(91.2)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
33.3(91.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)
Daily mean °C (°F)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Daily mean °C (°F)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
24.9(76.8)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
26.6(79.9)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
28.9(84.0)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
30.6(87.1)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
29.2(84.6)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
27.3(81.1)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
26.7(80.1)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
26.6(79.9)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
27.0(80.6)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
27.7(81.9)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
27.4(81.3)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
25.4(77.7)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
27.4(81.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
16.6(61.9)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
18.1(64.6)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
20.9(69.6)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
23.5(74.3)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
24.0(75.2)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
23.2(73.8)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
22.8(73.0)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
22.8(73.0)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
22.8(73.0)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
22.7(72.9)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
21.1(70.0)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
17.9(64.2)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
21.4(70.5)
Record low °C (°F)
Record low °C (°F)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Record low °C (°F)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
10.0(50.0)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
12.8(55.0)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
15.0(59.0)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
16.0(60.8)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
17.5(63.5)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
18.4(65.1)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
18.5(65.3)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
16.0(60.8)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
17.0(62.6)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
13.5(56.3)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
12.4(54.3)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
9.2(48.6)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
9.2(48.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Average precipitation mm (inches)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
4.5(0.18)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
3.0(0.12)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
15.1(0.59)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
37.9(1.49)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
333.8(13.14)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
554.0(21.81)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
624.5(24.59)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
562.2(22.13)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
426.8(16.80)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
217.4(8.56)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
52.6(2.07)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
9.2(0.36)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
2,841(111.85)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
0.4
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
0.2
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
0.8
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
2.4
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
14.5
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
25.9
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
26.7
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
26.5
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
21.4
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
14.0
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
3.4
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
0.4
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
136.6
Average relative humidity (%)
Average relative humidity (%)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Average relative humidity (%)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
62
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
66
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
69
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
66
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
73
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
85
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
86
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
87
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
85
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
78
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
71
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
65
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
74
Mean monthly sunshine hours
Mean monthly sunshine hours
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Mean monthly sunshine hours
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
300
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
272
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
290
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
292
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
181
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
80
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
77
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
92
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
97
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
203
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
280
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
288
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
2,452
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization, Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes)
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization, Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization, Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes)
Source 2: Danish Meteorological Institute (sun and relative humidity 1931–1960), Myanmar Times (May record high and December record low)
Source 2: Danish Meteorological Institute (sun and relative humidity 1931–1960), Myanmar Times (May record high and December record low)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Source 2: Danish Meteorological Institute (sun and relative humidity 1931–1960), Myanmar Times (May record high and December record low)
Climate data for Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1991–2020
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
39.0(102.2)
39.8(103.6)
40.4(104.7)
42.2(108.0)
42.0(107.6)
40.0(104.0)
37.8(100.0)
37.2(99.0)
38.9(102.0)
38.0(100.4)
38.9(102.0)
35.6(96.1)
42.2(108.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
33.1(91.6)
35.1(95.2)
36.8(98.2)
37.7(99.9)
34.5(94.1)
31.3(88.3)
30.6(87.1)
30.3(86.5)
31.3(88.3)
32.7(90.9)
33.6(92.5)
32.9(91.2)
33.3(91.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)
24.9(76.8)
26.6(79.9)
28.9(84.0)
30.6(87.1)
29.2(84.6)
27.3(81.1)
26.7(80.1)
26.6(79.9)
27.0(80.6)
27.7(81.9)
27.4(81.3)
25.4(77.7)
27.4(81.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
16.6(61.9)
18.1(64.6)
20.9(69.6)
23.5(74.3)
24.0(75.2)
23.2(73.8)
22.8(73.0)
22.8(73.0)
22.8(73.0)
22.7(72.9)
21.1(70.0)
17.9(64.2)
21.4(70.5)
Record low °C (°F)
10.0(50.0)
12.8(55.0)
15.0(59.0)
16.0(60.8)
17.5(63.5)
18.4(65.1)
18.5(65.3)
16.0(60.8)
17.0(62.6)
13.5(56.3)
12.4(54.3)
9.2(48.6)
9.2(48.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
4.5(0.18)
3.0(0.12)
15.1(0.59)
37.9(1.49)
333.8(13.14)
554.0(21.81)
624.5(24.59)
562.2(22.13)
426.8(16.80)
217.4(8.56)
52.6(2.07)
9.2(0.36)
2,841(111.85)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
0.4
0.2
0.8
2.4
14.5
25.9
26.7
26.5
21.4
14.0
3.4
0.4
136.6
Average relative humidity (%)
62
66
69
66
73
85
86
87
85
78
71
65
74
Mean monthly sunshine hours
300
272
290
292
181
80
77
92
97
203
280
288
2,452
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization, Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes)
Source 2: Danish Meteorological Institute (sun and relative humidity 1931–1960), Myanmar Times (May record high and December record low)
· Health care
Eastern District
Eastern District
FY 2010–2011
Eastern District
Number of public hospitals
16
Number of private hospitals
10
Physician-patient ratio
1:3638
Western District
Western District
FY 2010–2011
Western District
Number of public hospitals
10
Number of private hospitals
21
Physician-patient ratio
1:1400
Southern District
Southern District
FY 2010–2011
Southern District
Number of public hospitals
23
Number of private hospitals
1
Physician-patient ratio
1:18,176
Northern District
Northern District
FY 2010–2011
Northern District
Number of public hospitals
25
Number of private hospitals
5
Physician-patient ratio
1:13,647
FY 2010–2011
Number of public hospitals
Number of private hospitals
Physician-patient ratio
Eastern District
16
10
1:3638
Western District
10
21
1:1400
Southern District
23
1
1:18,176
Northern District
25
5
1:13,647
· External links
Preceded byMawlamyaing, Sittwe, Yangon
Preceded byMawlamyaing, Sittwe, Yangon
Yangon
Preceded byMawlamyaing, Sittwe, Yangon
Yangon
Capital of British Burma 31 January 1862 – 7 March 19423 May 1945 – 4 January 1948
Yangon
Succeeded byEnd of British rule
Preceded byYangon
Preceded byYangon
Yangon
Preceded byYangon
Yangon
Capital of Japanese Burma 7 March 1942 – 3 May 1945
Yangon
Succeeded byEnd of Japanese rule
Preceded byYangon
Preceded byYangon
Yangon
Preceded byYangon
Yangon
Capital of Myanmar 4 January 1948 – 6 November 2005
Yangon
Succeeded byNaypyidaw
Yangon
Preceded byMawlamyaing, Sittwe, Yangon
Capital of British Burma 31 January 1862 – 7 March 19423 May 1945 – 4 January 1948
Succeeded byEnd of British rule
Preceded byYangon
Capital of Japanese Burma 7 March 1942 – 3 May 1945
Succeeded byEnd of Japanese rule
Preceded byYangon
Capital of Myanmar 4 January 1948 – 6 November 2005
Succeeded byNaypyidaw

References

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  47. "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210717013353/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Myanmar/XLS/48097_Kaba_aye.xlsx
  48. Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
    https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_480970_kt.pdf
  49. Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931–1960)
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130427173827/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf
  50. "High of 40C, low of 13C in Yangon for 2003"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070927184155/http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/myanmartimes/no197/MyanmarTimes10-197/003.htm
  51. The Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20081121094338/http://www.myanmar.com/myanmartimes/MyanmarTimes17-325/b008.htm
  52. Megacity yangon: transformation processes and modern developments
  53. WSJ Weekend Journal
    https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123266507433707833
  54. The Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120214145346/http://mmtimes.com/no449/b007.html
  55. The Independent
    https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/colonial-past-could-be-the-saving-of-rangoon-2219991.html
  56. Financial Times
    https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/366b4332-69b5-11e1-8996-00144feabdc0.html
  57. The Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080720094137/http://www.mmtimes.com/feature/Construction/con13.htm
  58. The Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20101216085020/http://mmtimes.com/no409/n013.htm
  59. The Irrawaddy
    https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/once-cancelled-dagon-city-1-project-relocated-to-new-site.html
  60. "Kandawgyi Garden"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20060923195453/http://www.myanmars.net/myanmar-travel/myanmar-yangon/kandawgyi-garden.htm
  61. "History of Zoological Gardens (Yangon)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080802013535/http://www.yangonzoo.com/profile.html
  62. "Nation's Capital Yangon"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090714132014/http://www.myanmargeneva.org/basicfacts/cap.htm
  63. Frontier Myanmar
    https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/running-dry-in-yangon-as-hot-season-rages/
  64. "Yangon"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20060620010837/http://www.chijihon.metro.tokyo.jp/asianet/participating_cities/yangon.htm
  65. "Districts in Yangon Region"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20190303184623/http://themimu.info/sites/themimu.info/files/documents/Region_Map_District_Yangon_MIMU764v03_23Oct2017_MMR_A4.pdf
  66. "Yangon City Development Committee 2018 Law"
    https://www.ycdc.gov.mm/content.php?law=ycdclaw2018
  67. Myanmar International Television
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  68. "Expansion of new districts in Nay Pyi Taw, regions and states"
    https://www.moi.gov.mm/moi%3Aeng/news/6930
  69. General Administration Department
    https://gad.gov.mm/district-townships.php?stateID=13
  70. New Light of Myanmar
  71. The Irrawaddy
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080208202549/http://www.irrawaddy.org/multimedia.php?art_id=10074
  72. The Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20191026063242/https://www.mmtimes.com/business/21362-myanma-railways-to-upgrade-yangon-circle-line-with-japanese-loan.html
  73. "Ministry of Information (Myanmar)"
    https://www.moi.gov.mm/moi:eng/?q=news/13/11/2018/id-5139
  74. Myanmar Times
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  75. Weekly Eleven
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  76. The Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070106212917/http://www.myanmar.com/myanmartimes/MyanmarTimes18-341/n008.htm
  77. The Irrawaddy
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  78. "Getting Around Yangon"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080921211746/http://www.myanmars.net/myanmar-travel/myanmar-yangon/yangon.htm#Getting_Around
  79. The New York Times
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  80. The Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20100104080833/http://mmtimes.com/feature/care2008/care05.htm
  81. Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110716143017/http://mmtimes.com/2010/news/511/n51106.html
  82. Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20081123011522/http://www.mmtimes.com/no396/n008.htm
  83. Myanmar Times
    http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/business/24560-new-day-dawns-for-yangon-bus-system.html
  84. Mizzima Myanmar News and Insight
    https://www.mizzimaburmese.com/article/80436
  85. The Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20190925065658/https://www.mmtimes.com/news/yangon-offers-bus-services-disabled.html
  86. www.xinhuanet.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20190117075936/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-01/17/c_137750840.htm
  87. "Over 1,900 Buses Installed YBS Card Payment System"
    https://www.gnlm.com.mm/over-1900-buses-installed-ybs-card-payment-system/
  88. www.techinasia.com
    https://www.techinasia.com/talk/discuss-grab-uber-myanmar
  89. "Yangon – Getting there and around"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20100120115352/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/myanmar-burma/yangon-rangoon/transport/getting-there-away
  90. "Yangon Launches Water Bus Service"
    https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/yangon-launches-water-bus-service.html
  91. "United Nations World Urbanization Prospects, 2007 revision"
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  92. Census Report
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  93. Progressive Voice Myanmar – Amplifying voices from the ground
    https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/2021/05/25/lgbtiqs-spring-revolution/
  94. The Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080720094651/http://www.mmtimes.com/feature/edu/edu002.htm
  95. The Irrawaddy
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080311223612/http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=10648
  96. The Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110430045926/http://www.mmtimes.com/no429/b004.htm
  97. "Internet Filtering in Burma in 2005: A Country Study"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080905203458/http://www.opennet.net/studies/burma/
  98. The Irrawaddy
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  99. "ICT Statistics Collection and Analysis"
    http://www.unescap.org/icstd/events/Info-Society-Stats-Workshop-2007/Myanmar.pdf
  100. "Mobile phones in Myanmar increase to over 200,000 in 2007"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090703022656/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-04/03/content_7913706.htm
  101. "Myanmar (Burma) – Telecoms, Mobile & Internet"
    http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/9fc71c/myanmar_burma
  102. Bi-Weekly Eleven
  103. The Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110430045857/http://www.mmtimes.com/no427/b006.htm
  104. The Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110514035649/http://www.myanmar.com/myanmartimes/MyanmarTimes14-277/sport.htm
  105. BAA Ground
    https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/44/250.html
  106. Gymkhana Ground
    https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/44/251.html
  107. "Myanmar"
    https://www.makelifeskatelife.org/myanmar
  108. The Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130617115438/http://www.mmtimes.com/2011/news/600/news60002.html
  109. The Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090129150553/http://myanmar.com/myanmartimes/MyanmarTimes17-332/b007.htm
  110. Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20111002061657/http://mmtimes.com/2011/news/580/news58002.html
  111. Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120612212418/http://www.mmtimes.com/no496/n010.htm
  112. "Industrial Zones"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080908023819/http://www.industry2.gov.mm/zone.htm
  113. Bi-Weekly Eleven
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140911002116/http://biweeklyeleven.com/index.php?option=com_phocadownload&view=category&id=3:biweekly-eleven-journal&download=53:biweekly-eleven-news-journal-vol-2-no-48&Itemid=152
  114. The Irrawaddy
    https://web.archive.org/web/20100506015000/http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=17781
  115. The Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110430045932/http://www.mmtimes.com/no420/b005.htm
  116. "Myanmar needs more gas to generate electricity for Yangon"
    http://english.eviewweek.com/Myanmar-needs-more-gas-to-generate-electricity-for-Yangon.shtml
  117. The Myanmar Times
  118. The Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080828084522/http://www.mmtimes.com/feature/Construction/con01.htm
  119. The Myanmar Times
  120. Weekly Eleven Journal
    https://web.archive.org/web/20100509094945/http://burmadigest.info/2008/11/27/tourism-decline-in-burma-in-2008/
  121. The Irrawaddy
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120209111849/http://irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=23002
  122. Weekly Eleven
    https://web.archive.org/web/20121122010551/http://www.elevenmyanmar.com/tourism/956-new-hotel-zones-planned-near-yangon
  123. "HRDU Yearbook 2006 Chapter 9: Rights to Education and Health"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080922093012/http://burmalibrary.org/docs4/HRDU2006-CD/education.html
  124. The Irrawaddy
    https://web.archive.org/web/20100721221744/http://www.irrawaddy.org/opinion_story.php?art_id=18987
  125. "Educationalists concerned by Burmese literacy rate"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080914132228/http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=1732
  126. Bi-Weekly Eleven News
    http://www.news-eleven.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3593:2010-06-28-06-14-40&catid=43:2009-11-10-07-39-09&Itemid=111
  127. The Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080720094401/http://www.mmtimes.com/feature/edu08/e013.htm
  128. The Straits Times
    http://www.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20081011-93043.html
  129. The Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080720031121/http://www.mmtimes.com/feature/edu08/e001.htm
  130. "Lycée français international de Rangoun – Joseph-Kessel"
    https://www.aefe.fr/reseau-scolaire-mondial/rechercher-un-etablissement/birmanie-myanmar-rangoun-yangon-lycee-francais
  131. The Irrawaddy
    https://web.archive.org/web/20100112075354/http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=17547
  132. www.investmyanmar.biz
    http://www.investmyanmar.biz/infoCompany.php?id=7460
  133. The Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080720093301/https://www.mmtimes.com/feature/health/h012.htm
  134. english.busan.go.kr
    https://english.busan.go.kr/SisterCities
  135. Fukuoka City
    https://www.city.fukuoka.lg.jp/soki/k_kouryu/shisei/yangon.html
  136. haikou.gov.cn
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210922202634/http://www.haikou.gov.cn/sq/jrhk/yhcs/index_3.html
  137. mofahcm.gov.vn
    http://www.mofahcm.gov.vn/vi/hoptac_qt/nr041014110554/ns150417132533
  138. kathmandu.gov.np
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210507134040/https://old.kathmandu.gov.np/en/content/kmc-international-relationship-sister-cities
  139. kunming.cn
    https://kunming.cn/en/sister_cities/index.shtml
  140. nanning.gov.cn
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200711235905/http://wqb.nanning.gov.cn/xxgk/sjfb/t1454179.html
  141. dfa.gov.ph
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220727112748/https://dfa.gov.ph/dfa-news/news-from-our-foreign-service-postsupdate/11660-quezon-city-and-yangon-region-ink-sister-city-agreement
  142. Eleven Media Group Co., Ltd
    https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/authorities-plan-yangon-to-yunnan-direct-flight
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