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Wright brothers

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Wright brothers

The Wright brothers, Orville Wright (August 19, 1871 – January 30, 1948) and Wilbur Wright (April 16, 1867 – May 30, 1912), were American aviation pioneers generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful airplane. They made the first controlled, sustained flight of an engine-powered, heavier-than-air aircraft with the Wright Flyer on December 17, 1903, four miles (6 km) south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, at what is now known as Kill Devil Hills. In 1904 the Wright brothers developed the Wright Flyer II, which made longer-duration flights including the first circle, followed in 1905 by the first truly practical fixed-wing aircraft, the Wright Flyer III. The brothers' breakthrough invention was their creation of a three-axis control system, which enabled the pilot to steer the aircraft effectively and to maintain its equilibrium. Their system of aircraft controls made fixed-wing powered flight possible and remains standard on airplanes of all kinds. Their first U.S. patent did not claim invention of a flying machine, but rather a system of aerodynamic control that manipulated a flying machine's surfaces. From the beginning of their aeronautical work, Wilbur and Orville focused on developing a reliable method of pilot control as the key to solving "the flying problem". This approach differed significantly from other experimenters of the time who put more emphasis on developing powerful engines. Using a small home-built wind tunnel, the Wrights also collected more accurate data than any before, enabling them to design more efficient wings and propellers. The brothers gained the mechanical skills essential to their success by working for years in their Dayton, Ohio-based shop with printing presses, bicycles, motors, and other machinery. Their work with bicycles, in particular, influenced their belief that an unstable vehicle such as a flying machine could be controlled and balanced with practice. This was a trend, as many other aviation pioneers were also dedicated cyclists and involved in the bicycle business in various ways. From 1900 until their first powered flights in late 1903, the brothers conducted extensive glider tests that also developed their skills as pilots. Their shop mechanic Charles Taylor became an important part of the team, building their first airplane engine in close collaboration with the brothers. The Wright brothers' status as inventors of the airplane has been subject to numerous counter-claims. Much controversy persists over the many competing claims of early aviators. Edward Roach, historian for the Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park, argues that the Wrights were excellent self-taught engineers who could run a small company well, but did not have the business skills or temperament necessary to dominate the rapidly growing aviation industry at the time.

Infobox

Other names
mw- Will and OrvThe Bishop's boys
Education
High school (did not graduate, both)
Known for
Inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful airplane with the Wright Flyer, which pioneered the use of an effective flight control system
Parents
Milton WrightSusan Catherine Koerner Wright
Relatives
Katharine Wright (sister)
Born
(1867-04-16)April 16, 1867Millville, Indiana, U.S.
Died
May 30, 1912(1912-05-30) (aged 45)Dayton, Ohio, U.S.
Occupation(s)
Newspaper editor, bicycle retailer / manufacturer, airplane inventor / manufacturer, pilot trainer
Occupations
Newspaper editor, bicycle retailer / manufacturer, airplane inventor / manufacturer, pilot trainer

Tables

Glider vital statistics[42] · Flights › Gliders
1900
1900
Col 1
1900
Wingspan
17 ft 6 in (5.33 m)
Wing area
165 sq ft (15 m2)
Chord
5 ft (2 m)
Camber
1/20
Aspect ratio
3.5:1
Length
11 ft 6 in (3.51 m)
Weight
52 lb (24 kg)
1901
1901
Col 1
1901
Wingspan
22 ft (7 m)
Wing area
290 sq ft (27 m2)
Chord
7 ft (2.1 m)
Camber
1/12*,1/19
Aspect ratio
3:1
Length
14 ft (4.3 m)
Weight
98 lb (44 kg)
1902
1902
Col 1
1902
Wingspan
32 ft 1 in (9.78 m)
Wing area
305 sq ft (28 m2)
Chord
5 ft (1.5 m)
Camber
1/20–1/24
Aspect ratio
6.5:1
Length
17 ft (5.2 m)
Weight
112 lb (51 kg)
Wingspan
Wing area
Chord
Camber
Aspect ratio
Length
Weight
1900
17 ft 6 in (5.33 m)
165 sq ft (15 m2)
5 ft (2 m)
1/20
3.5:1
11 ft 6 in (3.51 m)
52 lb (24 kg)
1901
22 ft (7 m)
290 sq ft (27 m2)
7 ft (2.1 m)
1/12*,1/19
3:1
14 ft (4.3 m)
98 lb (44 kg)
1902
32 ft 1 in (9.78 m)
305 sq ft (28 m2)
5 ft (1.5 m)
1/20–1/24
6.5:1
17 ft (5.2 m)
112 lb (51 kg)
The lift equation
L = \ } L = lift in pounds k = coefficient of air pressure (Smeaton coefficient) S = total area of lifting surface in square feet V = velocity (headwind plus ground speed) in miles per hour CL = coefficient of lift (varies with wing shape)
The original Wright brothers aeroplane The world's first power-driven heavier-than-air machine in which man made free, controlled, and sustained flight Invented and built by Wilbur and Orville Wright Flown by them at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina December 17, 1903 By original scientific research the Wright brothers discovered the principles of human flight As inventors, builders, and flyers they further developed the aeroplane, taught man to fly, and opened the era of aviation

References

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  3. Hart O. Berg, pictured left in this photograph, is often mis-identified as Léon Bollée, the owner of the car factory whe
  4. The first woman passenger was Thérèse Peltier on July 8, 1908, when she made a flight of 656 feet (200 m) with Léon Dela
  5. The AEA's other members became dismayed when Curtiss unexpectedly dropped out of their organization; they later came to
  6. Ironically, the Wright brothers were the initial recipients of the Samuel P. Langley Medal for Aerodromics from the Smit
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