World Suicide Prevention Day
Updated: 12/20/2025, 12:12:54 PM Wikipedia source
World Suicide Prevention Day (WSPD) is an awareness day always observed on 10 September every year, in order to provide worldwide commitment and action to prevent suicides, with various activities around the world since 2003. The International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) collaborates with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH) to host World Suicide Prevention Day. In 2011 an estimated 40 countries held awareness events to mark the occasion. According to WHO's Mental Health Atlas released in 2014, no low-income country reported having a national suicide prevention strategy, while less than 10% of lower-middle income countries, and almost a third of upper-middle and high-income countries had. On its first event in 2003, the 1999 WHO's global suicide prevention initiative is mentioned with regard to the main strategy for its implementation, requiring:
"The organisation of global, regional and national multi-sectoral activities to increase awareness about suicidal behaviours and how to effectively prevent them." "The strengthening of countries's capabilities to develop and evaluate national policies and plans for suicide prevention." As of recent WHO releases, challenges represented by social stigma, the taboo to openly discuss suicide, and low availability of data are still to date obstacles leading to poor data quality for both suicide and suicide attempts: "given the sensitivity of suicide – and the illegality of suicidal behaviour in some countries – it is likely that under-reporting and misclassification are greater problems for suicide than for most other causes of death."
Suicide has a number of complex and interrelated and underlying contributing factors ... that can contribute to the feelings of pain and hopelessness. Having access to means to kill oneself – most typically firearms, medicines and poisons – is also a risk factor.
Tables
Suicide rates (per 100,000) by WHO region in 2015, 2012 and 2008[15][18][19][14] · Background › Themes
Europe (13%)
Europe (13%)
WHO region (approx % of world pop)
Europe (13%)
Age-standardized (2015)
11.9
Crude(2015)
15.7
Male:Female(2015)
3.7 : 1
Rate(2012)
12.0
Male:Female(2012)
4.1 : 1
Rate(2008)
14.2
Male:Female(2008)
4.0 : 1
South Eastern Asia (26%)
South Eastern Asia (26%)
WHO region (approx % of world pop)
South Eastern Asia (26%)
Age-standardized (2015)
13.3
Crude(2015)
13.3
Male:Female(2015)
1.3 : 1
Rate(2012)
17.7
Male:Female(2012)
1.6 : 1
Rate(2008)
15.6
Male:Female(2008)
1.5 : 1
Western Pacific (26%)
Western Pacific (26%)
WHO region (approx % of world pop)
Western Pacific (26%)
Age-standardized (2015)
9.1
Crude(2015)
10.2
Male:Female(2015)
1.2 : 1
Rate(2012)
7.5
Male:Female(2012)
0.9 : 1
Rate(2008)
12.6
Male:Female(2008)
1.3 : 1
Americas (13.5%)
Americas (13.5%)
WHO region (approx % of world pop)
Americas (13.5%)
Age-standardized (2015)
9.1
Crude(2015)
9.9
Male:Female(2015)
3.3 : 1
Rate(2012)
6.1
Male:Female(2012)
3.6 : 1
Rate(2008)
7.9
Male:Female(2008)
3.6 : 1
Africa (13%)
Africa (13%)
WHO region (approx % of world pop)
Africa (13%)
Age-standardized (2015)
12.8
Crude(2015)
7.4
Male:Female(2015)
2.0 : 1
Rate(2012)
10.0
Male:Female(2012)
2.5 : 1
Rate(2008)
6.4
Male:Female(2008)
2.2 : 1
Eastern Mediterranean (8.5%)
Eastern Mediterranean (8.5%)
WHO region (approx % of world pop)
Eastern Mediterranean (8.5%)
Age-standardized (2015)
4.3
Crude(2015)
3.9
Male:Female(2015)
1.8 : 1
Rate(2012)
6.4
Male:Female(2012)
1.4 : 1
Rate(2008)
5.6
Male:Female(2008)
1.1 : 1
World (100.0%)
World (100.0%)
WHO region (approx % of world pop)
World (100.0%)
Age-standardized (2015)
10.7
Crude(2015)
10.7
Male:Female(2015)
1.7 : 1
Rate(2012)
11.4
Male:Female(2012)
1.9 : 1
Rate(2008)
11.6
Male:Female(2008)
1.8 : 1
| WHO region (approx % of world pop) | Age-standardized (2015) | Crude(2015) | Male:Female(2015) | Rate(2012) | Male:Female(2012) | Rate(2008) | Male:Female(2008) |
| Europe (13%) | 11.9 | 15.7 | 3.7 : 1 | 12.0 | 4.1 : 1 | 14.2 | 4.0 : 1 |
| South Eastern Asia (26%) | 13.3 | 13.3 | 1.3 : 1 | 17.7 | 1.6 : 1 | 15.6 | 1.5 : 1 |
| Western Pacific (26%) | 9.1 | 10.2 | 1.2 : 1 | 7.5 | 0.9 : 1 | 12.6 | 1.3 : 1 |
| Americas (13.5%) | 9.1 | 9.9 | 3.3 : 1 | 6.1 | 3.6 : 1 | 7.9 | 3.6 : 1 |
| Africa (13%) | 12.8 | 7.4 | 2.0 : 1 | 10.0 | 2.5 : 1 | 6.4 | 2.2 : 1 |
| Eastern Mediterranean (8.5%) | 4.3 | 3.9 | 1.8 : 1 | 6.4 | 1.4 : 1 | 5.6 | 1.1 : 1 |
| World (100.0%) | 10.7 | 10.7 | 1.7 : 1 | 11.4 | 1.9 : 1 | 11.6 | 1.8 : 1 |
· Background › Priorities
Europe
Europe
SDG region
Europe
Rate(2015)
17.4
Male:Female(2015)
3.8 : 1
Rate(2010)
19.6
Male:Female(2010)
4.0 : 1
Rate(2005)
22.9
Male:Female(2005)
4.1 : 1
Rate(2000)
24.2
Male:Female(2000)
4.0 : 1
mw- Northern America and Europe
mw- Northern America and Europe
SDG region
mw- Northern America and Europe
Rate(2015)
16.5
Male:Female(2015)
3.6 : 1
Rate(2010)
17.6
Male:Female(2010)
3.8 : 1
Rate(2005)
19.5
Male:Female(2005)
3.9 : 1
Rate(2000)
20.3
Male:Female(2000)
3.9 : 1
Northern America
Northern America
SDG region
Northern America
Rate(2015)
14.7
Male:Female(2015)
3.2 : 1
Rate(2010)
13.2
Male:Female(2010)
3.4 : 1
Rate(2005)
12.0
Male:Female(2005)
3.4 : 1
Rate(2000)
11.4
Male:Female(2000)
3.6 : 1
Australia and New Zealand
Australia and New Zealand
SDG region
Australia and New Zealand
Rate(2015)
13.5
Male:Female(2015)
2.8 : 1
Rate(2010)
12.6
Male:Female(2010)
2.9 : 1
Rate(2005)
12.4
Male:Female(2005)
3.0 : 1
Rate(2000)
13.2
Male:Female(2000)
3.5 : 1
South-eastern Asia
South-eastern Asia
SDG region
South-eastern Asia
Rate(2015)
13.2
Male:Female(2015)
2.3 : 1
Rate(2010)
13.6
Male:Female(2010)
2.3 : 1
Rate(2005)
14.7
Male:Female(2005)
2.2 : 1
Rate(2000)
14.7
Male:Female(2000)
2.0 : 1
Southern Asia
Southern Asia
SDG region
Southern Asia
Rate(2015)
13.2
Male:Female(2015)
1.2 : 1
Rate(2010)
13.6
Male:Female(2010)
1.2 : 1
Rate(2005)
14.7
Male:Female(2005)
1.1 : 1
Rate(2000)
14.7
Male:Female(2000)
1.2 : 1
Central Asia and Southern Asia
Central Asia and Southern Asia
SDG region
Central Asia and Southern Asia
Rate(2015)
13.2
Male:Female(2015)
1.2 : 1
Rate(2010)
13.5
Male:Female(2010)
1.2 : 1
Rate(2005)
14.7
Male:Female(2005)
1.1 : 1
Rate(2000)
14.7
Male:Female(2000)
1.2 : 1
Oceania
Oceania
SDG region
Oceania
Rate(2015)
11.5
Male:Female(2015)
2.8 : 1
Rate(2010)
10.7
Male:Female(2010)
2.8 : 1
Rate(2005)
10.8
Male:Female(2005)
2.9 : 1
Rate(2000)
11.7
Male:Female(2000)
3.2 : 1
Central Asia
Central Asia
SDG region
Central Asia
Rate(2015)
11.4
Male:Female(2015)
3.5 : 1
Rate(2010)
13.1
Male:Female(2010)
3.9 : 1
Rate(2005)
15.3
Male:Female(2005)
4.6 : 1
Rate(2000)
14.8
Male:Female(2000)
4.4 : 1
Eastern Asia
Eastern Asia
SDG region
Eastern Asia
Rate(2015)
11.1
Male:Female(2015)
1.1 : 1
Rate(2010)
12.8
Male:Female(2010)
1.0 : 1
Rate(2005)
13.3
Male:Female(2005)
1.0 : 1
Rate(2000)
14.2
Male:Female(2000)
0.9 : 1
Eastern Asia and South-eastern Asia
Eastern Asia and South-eastern Asia
SDG region
Eastern Asia and South-eastern Asia
Rate(2015)
9.6
Male:Female(2015)
1.2 : 1
Rate(2010)
10.9
Male:Female(2010)
1.1 : 1
Rate(2005)
11.3
Male:Female(2005)
1.1 : 1
Rate(2000)
12.2
Male:Female(2000)
1.0 : 1
Small Island Developing States
Small Island Developing States
SDG region
Small Island Developing States
Rate(2015)
9.5
Male:Female(2015)
3.3 : 1
Rate(2010)
9.3
Male:Female(2010)
3.1 : 1
Rate(2005)
9.2
Male:Female(2005)
3.0 : 1
Rate(2000)
10.5
Male:Female(2000)
2.9 : 1
Landlocked developing countries
Landlocked developing countries
SDG region
Landlocked developing countries
Rate(2015)
8.0
Male:Female(2015)
2.4 : 1
Rate(2010)
8.7
Male:Female(2010)
2.4 : 1
Rate(2005)
9.7
Male:Female(2005)
2.5 : 1
Rate(2000)
10.1
Male:Female(2000)
2.4 : 1
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
SDG region
Sub-Saharan Africa
Rate(2015)
7.5
Male:Female(2015)
2.0 : 1
Rate(2010)
7.7
Male:Female(2010)
1.9 : 1
Rate(2005)
8.0
Male:Female(2005)
1.9 : 1
Rate(2000)
8.5
Male:Female(2000)
1.8 : 1
Latin America and the Caribbean
Latin America and the Caribbean
SDG region
Latin America and the Caribbean
Rate(2015)
7.1
Male:Female(2015)
3.5 : 1
Rate(2010)
6.5
Male:Female(2010)
3.4 : 1
Rate(2005)
6.4
Male:Female(2005)
3.4 : 1
Rate(2000)
6.5
Male:Female(2000)
3.6 : 1
Least Developed Countries
Least Developed Countries
SDG region
Least Developed Countries
Rate(2015)
6.6
Male:Female(2015)
1.7 : 1
Rate(2010)
6.8
Male:Female(2010)
1.6 : 1
Rate(2005)
7.3
Male:Female(2005)
1.5 : 1
Rate(2000)
7.7
Male:Female(2000)
1.6 : 1
Oceania excluding Australia and New Zealand
Oceania excluding Australia and New Zealand
SDG region
Oceania excluding Australia and New Zealand
Rate(2015)
5.9
Male:Female(2015)
2.7 : 1
Rate(2010)
5.9
Male:Female(2010)
2.5 : 1
Rate(2005)
5.5
Male:Female(2005)
2.4 : 1
Rate(2000)
5.8
Male:Female(2000)
2.2 : 1
Western Asia
Western Asia
SDG region
Western Asia
Rate(2015)
5.1
Male:Female(2015)
2.7 : 1
Rate(2010)
5.5
Male:Female(2010)
2.8 : 1
Rate(2005)
5.1
Male:Female(2005)
3.0 : 1
Rate(2000)
4.8
Male:Female(2000)
3.1 : 1
Western Asia and Northern Africa
Western Asia and Northern Africa
SDG region
Western Asia and Northern Africa
Rate(2015)
4.7
Male:Female(2015)
2.7 : 1
Rate(2010)
5.0
Male:Female(2010)
2.6 : 1
Rate(2005)
4.9
Male:Female(2005)
2.6 : 1
Rate(2000)
4.8
Male:Female(2000)
2.6 : 1
Northern Africa
Northern Africa
SDG region
Northern Africa
Rate(2015)
4.3
Male:Female(2015)
2.7 : 1
Rate(2010)
4.4
Male:Female(2010)
2.4 : 1
Rate(2005)
4.7
Male:Female(2005)
2.2 : 1
Rate(2000)
4.8
Male:Female(2000)
2.0 : 1
Global
Global
SDG region
Global
Rate(2015)
10.7
Male:Female(2015)
1.74 : 1
Rate(2010)
11.5
Male:Female(2010)
1.66 : 1
Rate(2005)
12.3
Male:Female(2005)
1.65 : 1
Rate(2000)
12.9
Male:Female(2000)
1.65 : 1
| SDG region | Rate(2015) | Male:Female(2015) | Rate(2010) | Male:Female(2010) | Rate(2005) | Male:Female(2005) | Rate(2000) | Male:Female(2000) |
| Europe | 17.4 | 3.8 : 1 | 19.6 | 4.0 : 1 | 22.9 | 4.1 : 1 | 24.2 | 4.0 : 1 |
| mw- Northern America and Europe | 16.5 | 3.6 : 1 | 17.6 | 3.8 : 1 | 19.5 | 3.9 : 1 | 20.3 | 3.9 : 1 |
| Northern America | 14.7 | 3.2 : 1 | 13.2 | 3.4 : 1 | 12.0 | 3.4 : 1 | 11.4 | 3.6 : 1 |
| Australia and New Zealand | 13.5 | 2.8 : 1 | 12.6 | 2.9 : 1 | 12.4 | 3.0 : 1 | 13.2 | 3.5 : 1 |
| South-eastern Asia | 13.2 | 2.3 : 1 | 13.6 | 2.3 : 1 | 14.7 | 2.2 : 1 | 14.7 | 2.0 : 1 |
| Southern Asia | 13.2 | 1.2 : 1 | 13.6 | 1.2 : 1 | 14.7 | 1.1 : 1 | 14.7 | 1.2 : 1 |
| Central Asia and Southern Asia | 13.2 | 1.2 : 1 | 13.5 | 1.2 : 1 | 14.7 | 1.1 : 1 | 14.7 | 1.2 : 1 |
| Oceania | 11.5 | 2.8 : 1 | 10.7 | 2.8 : 1 | 10.8 | 2.9 : 1 | 11.7 | 3.2 : 1 |
| Central Asia | 11.4 | 3.5 : 1 | 13.1 | 3.9 : 1 | 15.3 | 4.6 : 1 | 14.8 | 4.4 : 1 |
| Eastern Asia | 11.1 | 1.1 : 1 | 12.8 | 1.0 : 1 | 13.3 | 1.0 : 1 | 14.2 | 0.9 : 1 |
| Eastern Asia and South-eastern Asia | 9.6 | 1.2 : 1 | 10.9 | 1.1 : 1 | 11.3 | 1.1 : 1 | 12.2 | 1.0 : 1 |
| Small Island Developing States | 9.5 | 3.3 : 1 | 9.3 | 3.1 : 1 | 9.2 | 3.0 : 1 | 10.5 | 2.9 : 1 |
| Landlocked developing countries | 8.0 | 2.4 : 1 | 8.7 | 2.4 : 1 | 9.7 | 2.5 : 1 | 10.1 | 2.4 : 1 |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 7.5 | 2.0 : 1 | 7.7 | 1.9 : 1 | 8.0 | 1.9 : 1 | 8.5 | 1.8 : 1 |
| Latin America and the Caribbean | 7.1 | 3.5 : 1 | 6.5 | 3.4 : 1 | 6.4 | 3.4 : 1 | 6.5 | 3.6 : 1 |
| Least Developed Countries | 6.6 | 1.7 : 1 | 6.8 | 1.6 : 1 | 7.3 | 1.5 : 1 | 7.7 | 1.6 : 1 |
| Oceania excluding Australia and New Zealand | 5.9 | 2.7 : 1 | 5.9 | 2.5 : 1 | 5.5 | 2.4 : 1 | 5.8 | 2.2 : 1 |
| Western Asia | 5.1 | 2.7 : 1 | 5.5 | 2.8 : 1 | 5.1 | 3.0 : 1 | 4.8 | 3.1 : 1 |
| Western Asia and Northern Africa | 4.7 | 2.7 : 1 | 5.0 | 2.6 : 1 | 4.9 | 2.6 : 1 | 4.8 | 2.6 : 1 |
| Northern Africa | 4.3 | 2.7 : 1 | 4.4 | 2.4 : 1 | 4.7 | 2.2 : 1 | 4.8 | 2.0 : 1 |
| Global | 10.7 | 1.74 : 1 | 11.5 | 1.66 : 1 | 12.3 | 1.65 : 1 | 12.9 | 1.65 : 1 |
Suicide rates (per 100,000) in 2015[45][46][note 3] · Country-based information
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Country
Sri Lanka
Cruderate
35.3
Age-adjusted rate
34.6
Male:Femaleratio
4.4 : 1
Lithuania
Lithuania
Country
Lithuania
Cruderate
32.7
Age-adjusted rate
26.1
Male:Femaleratio
5.8 : 1
Republic of Korea
Republic of Korea
Country
Republic of Korea
Cruderate
32.0
Age-adjusted rate
24.1
Male:Femaleratio
2.7 : 1
Guyana
Guyana
Country
Guyana
Cruderate
29.0
Age-adjusted rate
30.6
Male:Femaleratio
3.0 : 1
Mongolia
Mongolia
Country
Mongolia
Cruderate
28.3
Age-adjusted rate
28.1
Male:Femaleratio
5.2 : 1
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Country
Kazakhstan
Cruderate
27.5
Age-adjusted rate
27.5
Male:Femaleratio
5.0 : 1
Suriname
Suriname
Country
Suriname
Cruderate
26.6
Age-adjusted rate
26.9
Male:Femaleratio
3.3 : 1
Belarus
Belarus
Country
Belarus
Cruderate
22.8
Age-adjusted rate
19.1
Male:Femaleratio
6.5 : 1
Poland
Poland
Country
Poland
Cruderate
22.3
Age-adjusted rate
18.5
Male:Femaleratio
6.7 : 1
Latvia
Latvia
Country
Latvia
Cruderate
21.7
Age-adjusted rate
17.4
Male:Femaleratio
6.6 : 1
Hungary
Hungary
Country
Hungary
Cruderate
21.6
Age-adjusted rate
15.7
Male:Femaleratio
3.7 : 1
Slovenia
Slovenia
Country
Slovenia
Cruderate
21.4
Age-adjusted rate
15.0
Male:Femaleratio
4.1 : 1
Angola
Angola
Country
Angola
Cruderate
20.5
Age-adjusted rate
25.9
Male:Femaleratio
2.7 : 1
Belgium
Belgium
Country
Belgium
Cruderate
20.5
Age-adjusted rate
16.1
Male:Femaleratio
2.6 : 1
Russia
Russia
Country
Russia
Cruderate
20.1
Age-adjusted rate
17.9
Male:Femaleratio
5.7 : 1
Ukraine
Ukraine
Country
Ukraine
Cruderate
20.1
Age-adjusted rate
16.6
Male:Femaleratio
4.6 : 1
World
World
Country
World
Cruderate
10.7
Age-adjusted rate
10.7
Male:Femaleratio
1.7 : 1
| Country | Cruderate | Age-adjusted rate | Male:Femaleratio |
| Sri Lanka | 35.3 | 34.6 | 4.4 : 1 |
| Lithuania | 32.7 | 26.1 | 5.8 : 1 |
| Republic of Korea | 32.0 | 24.1 | 2.7 : 1 |
| Guyana | 29.0 | 30.6 | 3.0 : 1 |
| Mongolia | 28.3 | 28.1 | 5.2 : 1 |
| Kazakhstan | 27.5 | 27.5 | 5.0 : 1 |
| Suriname | 26.6 | 26.9 | 3.3 : 1 |
| Belarus | 22.8 | 19.1 | 6.5 : 1 |
| Poland | 22.3 | 18.5 | 6.7 : 1 |
| Latvia | 21.7 | 17.4 | 6.6 : 1 |
| Hungary | 21.6 | 15.7 | 3.7 : 1 |
| Slovenia | 21.4 | 15.0 | 4.1 : 1 |
| Angola | 20.5 | 25.9 | 2.7 : 1 |
| Belgium | 20.5 | 16.1 | 2.6 : 1 |
| Russia | 20.1 | 17.9 | 5.7 : 1 |
| Ukraine | 20.1 | 16.6 | 4.6 : 1 |
| World | 10.7 | 10.7 | 1.7 : 1 |
Estimated numbers and rates of suicide by income group, 2012[55] · Country-based information
High-income (18.3%)
High-income (18.3%)
Income group (% of global pop)
High-income (18.3%)
Suicides(in thousands)
197
Global %
24.5%
Rate
12.7
Male:Female
3.5 : 1
Upper-middle-income (34.3%)
Upper-middle-income (34.3%)
Income group (% of global pop)
Upper-middle-income (34.3%)
Suicides(in thousands)
192
Global %
23.8%
Rate
7.5
Male:Female
1.3 : 1
Lower-middle-income (35.4%)
Lower-middle-income (35.4%)
Income group (% of global pop)
Lower-middle-income (35.4%)
Suicides(in thousands)
333
Global %
41.4%
Rate
14.1
Male:Female
1.7 : 1
Low-income (12.0%)
Low-income (12.0%)
Income group (% of global pop)
Low-income (12.0%)
Suicides(in thousands)
82
Global %
10.2%
Rate
13.4
Male:Female
1.7 : 1
Global (100.0%)
Global (100.0%)
Income group (% of global pop)
Global (100.0%)
Suicides(in thousands)
804
Global %
100.0%
Rate
11.4
Male:Female
1.9 : 1
| Income group (% of global pop) | Suicides(in thousands) | Global % | Rate | Male:Female |
| High-income (18.3%) | 197 | 24.5% | 12.7 | 3.5 : 1 |
| Upper-middle-income (34.3%) | 192 | 23.8% | 7.5 | 1.3 : 1 |
| Lower-middle-income (35.4%) | 333 | 41.4% | 14.1 | 1.7 : 1 |
| Low-income (12.0%) | 82 | 10.2% | 13.4 | 1.7 : 1 |
| Global (100.0%) | 804 | 100.0% | 11.4 | 1.9 : 1 |
References
- Aland Islands, Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark,
- Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, United States of America.
- Australia, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, New Zealand, Norfolk Island.
- Lao People's Democratic Republic, Singapore, Timor-Leste, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Phi
- Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka.
- American Samoa, Australia, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Heard
- Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
- High-income country.
- To proportion and compare the prevalence of suicide for different countries, WHO adjusts for age (age-standardization) e
- Crude suicide rates (per 100,000) by SDG region. Note: Countries are included in more than one SDG region.
- Recently revised (April 2018) data is available at World Health Organization's website, including rates for year 2016.http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.MHSUICIDEv?lang=en
- SitNewshttp://www.sitnews.us/0904news/091104/091104_suicide_prevention.html
- "Suicide in the U.S.A. Based on Current (2007) Statistics"https://web.archive.org/web/20120602221443/http://www.suicidology.org/c/document_library/get_file?folderId=236&name=DLFE-368.pdf
- London Free Presshttps://web.archive.org/web/20170820162440/https://lfpress.com/news/canada/2011/09/10/18666426.html
- "2014 Mental health Atlas"http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/178879/1/9789241565011_eng.pdf
- Press Releasehttps://web.archive.org/web/20111103165734/http://www.iasp.info/wspd/2003_wspd.php
- www.who.inthttps://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs398/en/
- www.who.inthttps://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/factsheets/en/selfdirectedviolfacts.pdf
- Raidió Teilifís Éireannhttps://www.rte.ie/news/2004/0910/suicide.html
- "Suicide rates, crude - Data by country"http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.MHSUICIDE?lang=en
- Press Releasehttps://www.iasp.info/wspd/2012_wspd.php
- Timehttps://healthland.time.com/2010/09/10/its-world-suicide-prevention%C2%A0day-what-you-can-do-to-help/
- The Beausejour Reviewhttp://www.beausejourreview.com/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=1720519&archive=true
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