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World Health Organization

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World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations which coordinates responses to international public health issues and emergencies. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and has six regional offices and 150 field offices worldwide. Only sovereign states are eligible to join, and it is the largest intergovernmental health organization at the international level. The WHO's purpose is to achieve the highest possible level of health for all the world's people, defining health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." The main functions of the World Health Organization include promoting the control of epidemic and endemic diseases; providing and improving the teaching and training in public health, the medical treatment of disease, and related matters; and promoting the establishment of international standards for biological products. The WHO was established on 7 April 1948, and formally began its work on 1 September 1948. It incorporated the assets, personnel, and duties of the League of Nations' Health Organization and the Paris-based Office International d'Hygiène Publique, including the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). The agency's work began in earnest in 1951 after a significant infusion of financial and technical resources. The WHO's official mandate is to promote health and safety while helping the vulnerable worldwide. It provides technical assistance to countries, sets international health standards, collects data on global health issues, and serves as a forum for scientific or policy discussions related to health. Its official publication, the World Health Report, provides assessments of worldwide health topics. The WHO has played a leading role in several public health achievements, most notably the eradication of smallpox, the near-eradication of polio, and the development of an Ebola vaccine. Its current priorities include communicable diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, Ebola, malaria and tuberculosis; non-communicable diseases such as heart disease and cancer; healthy diet, nutrition, and food security; occupational health; and substance abuse. The agency advocates for universal health care coverage, engagement with the monitoring of public health risks, coordinating responses to health emergencies, and promoting health and well-being generally. The WHO is governed by the World Health Assembly (WHA), which is composed of its 194 member states. The WHA elects and advises an executive board made up of 34 health specialists; selects the WHO's chief administrator, the director-general (currently Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus of Ethiopia); sets goals and priorities; and approves the budget and activities. The WHO is funded primarily by contributions from member states (both assessed and voluntary), followed by private donors.

Infobox

Abbreviation
WHO
Pronunciation
mw- Initialism (W-H-O) by WHO itself and governmental stakeholders
Formation
7 April 1948 (77 years ago) (1948-04-07)
Type
United Nations specialized agency
Legal status
Active
Headquarters
Geneva, Switzerland 46°13′56″N 06°08′03″E / 46.23222°N 6.13417°E / 46.23222; 6.13417
Director-General
Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
Deputy Director General
Michael Ryan
Parent organization
United Nations Economic and Social Council
Budget
$6.83 billion (2024–2025)
Website
who.int

Tables

Top 10 contributors (biennium 2020–2021; updated until Q4-2021) in millions of US$ · Structure and governance › Financing and partnerships
1
1
No.
1
Contributor
Germany
Assessed contributions
58
Voluntary contributions specified
953
Total(biennium)
1,011
Share
14.4%
2
2
No.
2
Contributor
United States of America
Assessed contributions
232
Voluntary contributions specified
448
Total(biennium)
681
Share
9.7%
3
3
No.
3
Contributor
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Voluntary contributions specified
592
Total(biennium)
592
Share
8.4%
4
4
No.
4
Contributor
France
Assessed contributions
44
Voluntary contributions specified
368
Core voluntary contributions
122
Total(biennium)
534
Share
7.6%
5
5
No.
5
Contributor
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Assessed contributions
44
Voluntary contributions specified
367
Core voluntary contributions
120
Total(biennium)
531
Share
7.6%
6
6
No.
6
Contributor
GAVI Alliance
Voluntary contributions specified
371
Total(biennium)
371
Share
5.3%
7
7
No.
7
Contributor
European Commission
Voluntary contributions specified
310
Total(biennium)
310
Share
4.4%
8
8
No.
8
Contributor
Japan
Assessed contributions
82
Voluntary contributions specified
122
Total(biennium)
204
Share
2.9%
9
9
No.
9
Contributor
China
Assessed contributions
115
Voluntary contributions specified
63
Total(biennium)
178
Share
2.5%
10
10
No.
10
Contributor
World Bank
Voluntary contributions specified
158
Total(biennium)
158
Share
2.2%
Others
Others
No.
Others
Contributor
530
Assessed contributions
2,306
Voluntary contributions specified
144
Core voluntary contributions
2,980
Total(biennium)
42.4%
Total
Total
No.
Total
Contributor
957
Assessed contributions
5,824
Voluntary contributions specified
264
Core voluntary contributions
7,031
Total(biennium)
100.0%
No.
Contributor
Assessed contributions
Voluntary contributions specified
Core voluntary contributions
Total(biennium)
Share
Source
1
Germany
58
953
1,011
14.4%
2
United States of America
232
448
681
9.7%
3
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
592
592
8.4%
4
France
44
368
122
534
7.6%
5
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
44
367
120
531
7.6%
6
GAVI Alliance
371
371
5.3%
7
European Commission
310
310
4.4%
8
Japan
82
122
204
2.9%
9
China
115
63
178
2.5%
10
World Bank
158
158
2.2%
Others
530
2,306
144
2,980
42.4%
Total
957
5,824
264
7,031
100.0%
Regional offices of WHO · World headquarters and offices › Regional offices
Africa
Africa
Region
Africa
Headquarters
Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
Notes
AFRO includes most of Africa, with the exception of Egypt, Sudan, Djibouti, Tunisia, Libya, Somalia and Morocco (all fall under EMRO). The regional director is Matshidiso Moeti, a Botswana national. (Tenure: 2015–present).
Europe
Europe
Region
Europe
Headquarters
Copenhagen, Denmark
Notes
EURO includes all of Europe (except Liechtenstein), Israel, and all of the former USSR. The regional director is Hans Kluge, a Belgian national (Tenure: 2020–present).
South-East Asia
South-East Asia
Region
South-East Asia
Headquarters
New Delhi, India
Notes
North Korea is served by SEARO. The regional director is Catharina Boehme (acting), a German national (Tenure: 2025–present).
Eastern Mediterranean
Eastern Mediterranean
Region
Eastern Mediterranean
Headquarters
Cairo, Egypt
Notes
The Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office serves the countries of Africa that are not included in AFRO, as well as all countries in the Middle East except for Israel. Pakistan is served by EMRO. The regional director is Ahmed Al-Mandhari, an Omani national (Tenure: 2018 – present).
Western Pacific
Western Pacific
Region
Western Pacific
Headquarters
Manila, the Philippines
Notes
WPRO covers all the Asian countries not served by SEARO, EMRO, or EURO, and all the countries in Oceania. South Korea is served by WPRO. The acting regional director is Zsuzsanna Jakab, a Hungarian national and the current WHO Deputy Director-General (Tenure: 2023 – present).
The Americas
The Americas
Region
The Americas
Headquarters
Washington, D.C., United States
Notes
Also known as the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), and covers the Americas. The WHO regional director is Jarbas Barbosa, a Brazilian national (Tenure: 2023 – present).
Region
Headquarters
Notes
Africa
Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
AFRO includes most of Africa, with the exception of Egypt, Sudan, Djibouti, Tunisia, Libya, Somalia and Morocco (all fall under EMRO). The regional director is Matshidiso Moeti, a Botswana national. (Tenure: 2015–present).
Europe
Copenhagen, Denmark
EURO includes all of Europe (except Liechtenstein), Israel, and all of the former USSR. The regional director is Hans Kluge, a Belgian national (Tenure: 2020–present).
South-East Asia
New Delhi, India
North Korea is served by SEARO. The regional director is Catharina Boehme (acting), a German national (Tenure: 2025–present).
Eastern Mediterranean
Cairo, Egypt
The Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office serves the countries of Africa that are not included in AFRO, as well as all countries in the Middle East except for Israel. Pakistan is served by EMRO. The regional director is Ahmed Al-Mandhari, an Omani national (Tenure: 2018 – present).
Western Pacific
Manila, the Philippines
WPRO covers all the Asian countries not served by SEARO, EMRO, or EURO, and all the countries in Oceania. South Korea is served by WPRO. The acting regional director is Zsuzsanna Jakab, a Hungarian national and the current WHO Deputy Director-General (Tenure: 2023 – present).
The Americas
Washington, D.C., United States
Also known as the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), and covers the Americas. The WHO regional director is Jarbas Barbosa, a Brazilian national (Tenure: 2023 – present).

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