Topzle Topzle

Women in engineering

Updated: Wikipedia source

Women in engineering

Women are often under-represented in the academic and professional fields of engineering; however, many women have contributed to the diverse fields of engineering historically and currently. A number of organizations and programs have been created to understand and overcome this tradition of gender disparity. Some have decried this gender gap, saying that it indicates the absence of potential talent. Though the gender gap as a whole is narrowing, there is still a growing gap with minority women compared to their white counterparts. Gender stereotypes, low rates of female engineering students, and engineering culture are factors that contribute to the current situation where men dominate in fields relating to engineering sciences.

Tables

Percentage of female undergraduate students with engineering degree in India, Australia, Canada, the UK, and US[17][25][26][27][28] · Statistics
Australia
Australia
Country
Australia
% of women
14%
year
2010
Canada
Canada
Country
Canada
% of women
21.8%
year
2017
India
India
Country
India
% of women
29.7%
year
2018
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Country
United Kingdom
% of women
17.57%
year
2016-2017
United States
United States
Country
United States
% of women
19.7%
year
2015-2016
Country
% of women
year
Australia
14%
2010
Canada
21.8%
2017
India
29.7%
2018
United Kingdom
17.57%
2016-2017
United States
19.7%
2015-2016
2016 percentage of women enrolled in tertiary education programs in Canada[38] · Statistics › Canada
Alberta
Alberta
Province
Alberta
Undergraduate
22%
Graduate
23.3%
Doctoral
23.3%
British Columbia
British Columbia
Province
British Columbia
Undergraduate
16.5%
Graduate
27.5%
Doctoral
27.5%
Manitoba
Manitoba
Province
Manitoba
Undergraduate
16%
Graduate
22.9%
Doctoral
22.9%
New Brunswick
New Brunswick
Province
New Brunswick
Undergraduate
15.9%
Graduate
19.3%
Doctoral
19.3%
Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador
Province
Newfoundland and Labrador
Undergraduate
20.9%
Graduate
20.6%
Doctoral
20.6%
Northwest Territories
Northwest Territories
Province
Northwest Territories
Undergraduate
Graduate
Doctoral
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia
Province
Nova Scotia
Undergraduate
18.7%
Graduate
15.8%
Doctoral
15.8%
Nunavut
Nunavut
Province
Nunavut
Undergraduate
Graduate
Doctoral
Ontario
Ontario
Province
Ontario
Undergraduate
17.7%
Graduate
21.4%
Doctoral
21.4%
Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island
Province
Prince Edward Island
Undergraduate
Graduate
Doctoral
Quebec
Quebec
Province
Quebec
Undergraduate
16.3%
Graduate
20.4%
Doctoral
20.4%
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan
Province
Saskatchewan
Undergraduate
19%
Graduate
27.9%
Doctoral
27.9%
Yukon Territory
Yukon Territory
Province
Yukon Territory
Undergraduate
Graduate
Doctoral
Canada
Canada
Province
Canada
Undergraduate
17.7%
Graduate
21.9%
Doctoral
21.9%
Province
Undergraduate
Graduate
Doctoral
Alberta
22%
23.3%
23.3%
British Columbia
16.5%
27.5%
27.5%
Manitoba
16%
22.9%
22.9%
New Brunswick
15.9%
19.3%
19.3%
Newfoundland and Labrador
20.9%
20.6%
20.6%
Northwest Territories
Nova Scotia
18.7%
15.8%
15.8%
Nunavut
Ontario
17.7%
21.4%
21.4%
Prince Edward Island
Quebec
16.3%
20.4%
20.4%
Saskatchewan
19%
27.9%
27.9%
Yukon Territory
Canada
17.7%
21.9%
21.9%
CCWE1992 goals for 1997 and actual 2009 percentage of women involved in engineering in Canada[40] · Statistics › Canada
1st year undergraduate
1st year undergraduate
Women in...
1st year undergraduate
1997
25-25%
Undergraduate programs
Undergraduate programs
Women in...
Undergraduate programs
2009
17.4%
Master's studies
Master's studies
Women in...
Master's studies
1997
20%
2009
24.1%
Doctoral studies
Doctoral studies
Women in...
Doctoral studies
1997
10%
2009
22%
Faculty members: professors
Faculty members: professors
Women in...
Faculty members: professors
1997
5%
2009
Full: 7% Associate: 11% Assistant: 18%
Eng. degree graduates
Eng. degree graduates
Women in...
Eng. degree graduates
1997
18%
2009
17.6%
Profession
Profession
Women in...
Profession
2009
10.4%
Women in...
1997
2009
1st year undergraduate
25-25%
Undergraduate programs
17.4%
Master's studies
20%
24.1%
Doctoral studies
10%
22%
Faculty members: professors
5%
Full: 7% Associate: 11% Assistant: 18%
Eng. degree graduates
18%
17.6%
Profession
10.4%

References

  1. The Underrepresentation of Women in Engineering and Related Sciences: Pursuing Two Complementary Paths to Parity
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK36356/
  2. All Together Society Of Women Engineers
    https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040131/http://alltogether.swe.org/2016/03/women-in-engineering-history/
  3. Bix, Amy Sue, "'Engineeresses' Invade Campus: Four decades of debate over technical coeducation." IEEE Technology and So
  4. Girls coming to tech! : a history of American engineering education for women
    https://archive.org/details/girlscomingtotec0000bixa/page/14
  5. The impact of power status on gender stereotypes, sexism, and gender discrimination toward women in the workplace and the career identity development of women
  6. "Recoding Gender: Women's Changing Participation in Computing"
    https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/recoding-gender
  7. New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/13/magazine/women-coding-computer-programming.html
  8. Women in Engineering: A Good Place To Be?
    https://books.google.com/books?id=HEZdDwAAQBAJ&q=women+in+engineering&pg=PP7
  9. Social Psychology of Education
    https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11218-013-9222-x
  10. "Why So Few?: Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics"
    http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED509653.pdf
  11. AAUW: Empowering Women Since 1881
    https://www.aauw.org/research/why-so-few/
  12. Career Development International
    https://doi.org/10.1108%2FCDI-11-2012-0108
  13. Penn State University
    https://journals.psu.edu/wepan/article/viewFile/57727/57415
  14. Huffington Post
    https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/12/female-engineers_n_5668504.html
  15. Gender & Society
    https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0891243211416809
  16. "Engineering by the Numbers"
    https://www.asee.org/documents/papers-and-publications/publications/college-profiles/2018-Engineering-by-Numbers-Engineering-Statistics-UPDATED-15-July-2019.pdf
  17. Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies
    https://doi.org/10.1353%2Ffro.0.0039
  18. Harvard Business Review
    https://hbr.org/2016/08/why-do-so-many-women-who-study-engineering-leave-the-field
  19. Why So Few?: Women In Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
    https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED509653
  20. Women in Management Review
    https://doi.org/10.1108%2F09649429310046391
  21. Harvard Business Review
    https://hbr.org/2019/06/research-women-score-higher-than-men-in-most-leadership-skills
  22. Dutta, Debalina1. "Sustaining The Pipeline: Experiences Of International Female Engineers In U.S. Graduate Programs." Jo
  23. Penn State University
    https://journals.psu.edu/wepan/article/viewFile/57727/57415
  24. To Recruit and Advance : Women Students and Faculty in U.S. Science and Engineering
  25. Catalyst
    https://www.catalyst.org/research/women-in-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics-stem/
  26. www.hesa.ac.uk
    https://www.hesa.ac.uk/news/11-01-2018/sfr247-higher-education-student-statistics/subjects
  27. Research and Trends for Women in STEM
    https://research.swe.org/2016/08/canada-undergraduate-enrollment/
  28. The Conversation
    https://theconversation.com/caught-short-a-snapshot-of-australian-engineering-7217
  29. All Together
    https://alltogether.swe.org/2018/09/swe-research-update-women-in-engineering-by-the-numbers/
  30. ASEE
    http://www.asee.org/papers-and-publications/publications/11-47.pdf
  31. "Table 2. Doctorates awarded to women, by field of study: 1995–2004"
    https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf06308/pdf/tab2.pdf
  32. Scott Jaschik, Women Lead in Doctorates, Inside Higher Ed, September 14, 2010 (accessed June 18, 2013)
    http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2010/09/14/doctorates
  33. To Recruit and Advance : Women Students and Faculty in U.S. Science and Engineering
  34. "THE ENGINEERING PROFESSION: A STATISTICAL OVERVIEW"
    http://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/sites/default/files/shado/Resources/the_engineering_profession_a_statistical_overview_11th_ed._october_2014.pd
  35. The Globe and Mail
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/careers/career-advice/why-more-women-arent-becoming-engineers/article1216432/
  36. engineerscanada.ca
    https://engineerscanada.ca/publications/canadian-engineers-for-tomorrow-2017#female-students
  37. "Women in Engineering"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120623160501/http://www.engineerscanada.ca/e/pr_women.cfm
  38. "Canadian Engineers for Tomorrow: Trends in Engineering Enrolment and Degrees Awarded 2013 to 2017"
    https://engineerscanada.ca/publications/canadian-engineers-for-tomorrow-2017#female-undergraduate-enrolment-by-discipline
  39. engineerscanada.ca
    https://engineerscanada.ca/publications/canadian-engineers-for-tomorrow-2017#female-undergraduate-enrolment-by-discipline
  40. "INWES Education and Research Institute: CCWE+20 National Workshop Project Final Report"
    http://projectccwe.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/ccwereport.pdf
  41. "Canada needs more women engineers—how do we get there?"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20131003002412/http://www.uottawa.ca/media/media-release-2376.html
  42. www.wes.org.uk
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210318091314/https://www.wes.org.uk/content/wesstatistics
  43. Royal Academy of Engineering
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210622093153/https://www.raeng.org.uk/news/news-releases/2020/january/engineering-gender-pay-gap-in-the-uk-less-than-fea
  44. The Engineer
    https://www.theengineer.co.uk/gender-pay-gap-uk-engineering/
Image
Source:
Tip: Wheel or +/− to zoom, drag to pan, Esc to close.