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William III of England

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William III of England

William III and II (William Henry; Dutch: Willem Hendrik; 4 November 1650 – 8 March 1702), also known as William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from 1672, and King of England, Ireland, and Scotland from 1689 until his death in 1702. He ruled England, Scotland, and Ireland with his wife, Queen Mary II, and their joint reign is known as that of William and Mary. William was the only child of William II, Prince of Orange, and Mary, Princess Royal, the daughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland, and Ireland. His father died before his birth, making William III the prince of Orange from birth. In 1677, he married his first cousin Mary, the elder daughter of his maternal uncle James, Duke of York (later King James II). When the Dutch Republic was attacked by Louis XIV of France in 1672, William rose to power and became Louis's greatest obstacle. He made it his life's mission to oppose Louis and waged many campaigns against the armies of the powerful Catholic French ruler. Many Protestants heralded William as a champion of their faith. In 1685, his Catholic uncle and father-in-law, James, became king of England, Scotland, and Ireland. James's reign was unpopular with Protestants in the British Isles, who opposed Catholic Emancipation. Supported by a group of influential English political and religious leaders, William invaded England in the Glorious Revolution. In 1688, he landed at the south-western English port of Brixham; James was deposed shortly afterward. William's reputation as a staunch Protestant enabled him and his wife to take power. During the early years of his reign, William was occupied abroad with the Nine Years' War (1688–1697), leaving Mary to govern the three kingdoms alone. She died in 1694. In 1696 the Jacobites, a faction loyal to the deposed James, plotted unsuccessfully to assassinate William and restore James to the throne. In Scotland, William's role in ordering the Massacre of Glencoe remains notorious. William's lack of children and the death in 1700 of his nephew the Duke of Gloucester threatened the Protestant succession. The danger was averted by placing William and Mary's cousins, the Protestant House of Hanover, in line to the throne after Anne with the Act of Settlement 1701. Upon his death in 1702, William was succeeded in his kingdoms by Anne and as titular Prince of Orange by his cousin John William Friso.

Infobox

Reign
4 November 1650[c] – 8 March 1702
Coronation
11 April 1689
Predecessor
William II
Successor
John William Friso (disputed)[d]
Co-monarch
Mary II (1689–1694)
Born
4 November 1650 [NS: 14 November 1650][c]Binnenhof, The Hague, Dutch Republic
Died
8 March 1702 (aged 51) [NS: 19 March 1702]Kensington Palace, Middlesex, England
Burial
12 April 1702Westminster Abbey
Spouse
mw- Mary II of England (m. 1677; died 1694)
Names
Names William HenryDutch: Willem Hendrik
House
Orange-Nassau
Father
William II, Prince of Orange
Mother
Mary, Princess Royal
Religion
Protestantism
Conflicts
mw- See list li Franco-Dutch War Battle of Woerden Siege of Charleroi Siege of Naarden Siege of Bonn Battle of Seneffe Siege of Grave Siege of Maastricht Battle of Cassel Battle of Saint-Denis Nine Years' War Invasion of England Battle of the Boyne Siege of Limerick Battle of Steenkerque Battle of Landen Siege of Namur

Tables

· External links
Regnal titles
Regnal titles
William III of England and Orange & II of ScotlandHouse of Orange-NassauCadet branch of the House of NassauBorn: 4 November 1650 Died: 8 March 1702
Regnal titles
VacantTitle last held byWilliam II
VacantTitle last held byWilliam II
William III of England and Orange & II of ScotlandHouse of Orange-NassauCadet branch of the House of NassauBorn: 4 November 1650 Died: 8 March 1702
VacantTitle last held byWilliam II
William III of England and Orange & II of ScotlandHouse of Orange-NassauCadet branch of the House of NassauBorn: 4 November 1650 Died: 8 March 1702
Prince of Orange 1650–1702
William III of England and Orange & II of ScotlandHouse of Orange-NassauCadet branch of the House of NassauBorn: 4 November 1650 Died: 8 March 1702
Succeeded byJohn William Frisoas titular claimant
VacantGlorious RevolutionTitle last held byJames II & VII
VacantGlorious RevolutionTitle last held byJames II & VII
William III of England and Orange & II of ScotlandHouse of Orange-NassauCadet branch of the House of NassauBorn: 4 November 1650 Died: 8 March 1702
VacantGlorious RevolutionTitle last held byJames II & VII
William III of England and Orange & II of ScotlandHouse of Orange-NassauCadet branch of the House of NassauBorn: 4 November 1650 Died: 8 March 1702
King of England, Scotland, and Ireland 1689–1702with Mary II (1689–1694)
William III of England and Orange & II of ScotlandHouse of Orange-NassauCadet branch of the House of NassauBorn: 4 November 1650 Died: 8 March 1702
Succeeded byAnne
Political offices
Political offices
William III of England and Orange & II of ScotlandHouse of Orange-NassauCadet branch of the House of NassauBorn: 4 November 1650 Died: 8 March 1702
Political offices
VacantFirst Stadtholderless PeriodTitle last held byWilliam II
VacantFirst Stadtholderless PeriodTitle last held byWilliam II
William III of England and Orange & II of ScotlandHouse of Orange-NassauCadet branch of the House of NassauBorn: 4 November 1650 Died: 8 March 1702
VacantFirst Stadtholderless PeriodTitle last held byWilliam II
William III of England and Orange & II of ScotlandHouse of Orange-NassauCadet branch of the House of NassauBorn: 4 November 1650 Died: 8 March 1702
Stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland 1672–1702
William III of England and Orange & II of ScotlandHouse of Orange-NassauCadet branch of the House of NassauBorn: 4 November 1650 Died: 8 March 1702
VacantSecond Stadtholderless PeriodTitle next held byWilliam IV
Stadtholder of Utrecht 1674–1702
Stadtholder of Utrecht 1674–1702
William III of England and Orange & II of ScotlandHouse of Orange-NassauCadet branch of the House of NassauBorn: 4 November 1650 Died: 8 March 1702
Stadtholder of Utrecht 1674–1702
Stadtholder of Guelders and Overijssel 1675–1702
Stadtholder of Guelders and Overijssel 1675–1702
William III of England and Orange & II of ScotlandHouse of Orange-NassauCadet branch of the House of NassauBorn: 4 November 1650 Died: 8 March 1702
Stadtholder of Guelders and Overijssel 1675–1702
Preceded byJames II
Preceded byJames II
William III of England and Orange & II of ScotlandHouse of Orange-NassauCadet branch of the House of NassauBorn: 4 November 1650 Died: 8 March 1702
Preceded byJames II
William III of England and Orange & II of ScotlandHouse of Orange-NassauCadet branch of the House of NassauBorn: 4 November 1650 Died: 8 March 1702
Lord High Admiral 1689
William III of England and Orange & II of ScotlandHouse of Orange-NassauCadet branch of the House of NassauBorn: 4 November 1650 Died: 8 March 1702
Succeeded byThe Earl of Torrington
William III of England and Orange & II of ScotlandHouse of Orange-NassauCadet branch of the House of NassauBorn: 4 November 1650 Died: 8 March 1702
Regnal titles
VacantTitle last held byWilliam II
Prince of Orange 1650–1702
Succeeded byJohn William Frisoas titular claimant
VacantGlorious RevolutionTitle last held byJames II & VII
King of England, Scotland, and Ireland 1689–1702with Mary II (1689–1694)
Succeeded byAnne
Political offices
VacantFirst Stadtholderless PeriodTitle last held byWilliam II
Stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland 1672–1702
VacantSecond Stadtholderless PeriodTitle next held byWilliam IV
Stadtholder of Utrecht 1674–1702
Stadtholder of Guelders and Overijssel 1675–1702
Preceded byJames II
Lord High Admiral 1689
Succeeded byThe Earl of Torrington

References

  1. William was the third prince of Orange and the third king of England called William. He was the second king of Scotland
  2. William was declared King by the Parliament of England on 13 February 1689 and by the Parliament of Scotland on 11 April
  3. During William's lifetime, two calendars were in use in Europe: the Old Style Julian calendar in Britain and parts of No
  4. Friso was made William's universal heir in his will. However, the title was disputed by Frederick I of Prussia, who had
  5. Frederick William was chosen because he could act as a neutral party mediating between the two women, but also because a
  6. In the province of Friesland that office was filled by William's uncle-by-marriage William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-D
  7. Due to the change to the Gregorian calendar, William's victory is commemorated annually by Northern Irish and Scottish P
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