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William Franklin

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William Franklin

William Franklin (22 February 1730 – 17 November 1813) was an American-born attorney, soldier, politician, and colonial administrator. He was the acknowledged extra-marital son of Benjamin Franklin. William Franklin was the last colonial Governor of New Jersey (1763–1776), and a steadfast British Empire Loyalist throughout the American Revolutionary War. In contrast, his father Benjamin was, in later life, one of the most prominent of the Patriot leaders of the American Revolution and a Founding Father of the United States. Following imprisonment by Patriots in 1776 to 1778, William became the chief leader of the Loyalists. From his base in New York City, he organized military units to fight on the British side. In 1782, he went into exile in Britain. He lived in London until his death.

Infobox

Monarch
George III
Preceded by
Josiah Hardy
Succeeded by
mw- William Livingston As Governor of New Jersey
Born
(1730-02-22)22 February 1730[citation needed]Philadelphia, Province of Pennsylvania, British America
Died
17 November 1813(1813-11-17) (aged 83)[a]London, England, United Kingdom
Spouses
mw- Elizabeth Downes (m. 1762; died 1777) Mary Johnson d'Evelin (m. 1788; died 1811)
Relations
Francis Folger Franklin (paternal half-brother)Sarah Franklin Bache (paternal half-sister)
Children
William Temple Franklin
Parent(s)
Benjamin FranklinDeborah Read (stepmother)
Occupation
Soldier, colonial administrator, politician

Tables

· External links
Preceded byJosiah Hardy
Preceded byJosiah Hardy
Government offices
Preceded byJosiah Hardy
Government offices
Governor of New JerseyLast Colonial Governor 1763–1776Last Royal Governor
Government offices
Succeeded byWilliam LivingstonFirst Revolutionary Governor
Government offices
Preceded byJosiah Hardy
Governor of New JerseyLast Colonial Governor 1763–1776Last Royal Governor
Succeeded byWilliam LivingstonFirst Revolutionary Governor

References

  1. New Jersey Department of State gives 13 Nov., Encyclopedia.com gives 16 Nov. and Geni.com gives 17 Nov.
    http://www.nj.gov/state/archives/docfranklin.html
  2. Britannica Online
    https://web.archive.org/web/20071228115425/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-22467
  3. Randall 1984, p. 43.
  4. Hart 1911.
  5. Skemp 1990, p. 10.
  6. ushistory.org
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110612020827/http://www.ushistory.org/graeme/people/thomasgraeme.htm
  7. "Graeme Park | The "Other" Women of Graeme Park"
    https://www.graemepark.org/the-other-women-of-graeme-park/
  8. Papers, 1775–1819
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090507094002/http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/mole/f/franklin/wtf.htm
  9. Past and Promise: Lives of New Jersey Women
  10. Daniel Mark Epstein (2017), The Loyal Son: The War in Ben Franklin's House, pp 382
  11. Sheila L. Skemp (1990) William Franklin: Son of a Patriot, Servant of a King, pp 274
  12. Skemp, pp 274
  13. Bell, Whitfield J., and Charles Greifenstein, Jr. Patriot-Improvers: Biographical Sketches of Members of the American Ph
  14. H. W. Brands, The First American: The life and times of Benjamin Franklin (2000) pp 327–28.
  15. R. C. Simmons, "Colonial Patronage: Two Letters from William Franklin to the Earl of Bute, 1762." William and Mary Quart
  16. Randall, American National Biography (2000)
  17. Sheila L. Skemp, "Benjamin Franklin, Patriot, and William Franklin, Loyalist." Pennsylvania History 65.1 (1998): 35–45.
  18. Sheila L. Skemp, "William Franklin: His Father's Son." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 109.2 (1985): 145–
  19. Epstein, 200–201
  20. Skemp 1990, p. 211.
  21. William Franklin
    http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0819491.html
  22. Schlenther, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2008).
  23. Benedict Arnold: Patriot and Traitor
    https://archive.org/details/benedictarnoldpa00rand_0/page/457
  24. Fleming, pp. 188–89.
  25. Biographical Index of Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 – 2002
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130124115814/http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf
  26. Autobiography
  27. Benjamin Franklin, his autobiography
    http://www.bartleby.com/1/1/6.html
  28. Fleming, Thomas, The Perils of Peace: America's Struggle for Survival, (Collins, New York, 2007) 236
  29. W.S. Randall, American National Biography (2000).
  30. Autobiography, Poor Richard, and Later Writings
  31. Yale Alumni Magazine
    https://yalealumnimagazine.com/articles/4292-ben-franklins-family-quarrel
  32. Last Will and Testament
    https://web.archive.org/web/19970215091654/http://www.fi.edu/franklin/family/lastwill.html
  33. Billboard
    https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/lin-manuel-miranda-hamildrops-monthly-series-decemberists-ben-franklin-song-8070565/
  34. New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/31/movies/here-review.html
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