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Wichita language

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Wichita language

Wichita is a Caddoan language that was spoken in Anadarko, Oklahoma, by the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes. The last fluent heritage speaker, Doris Lamar-McLemore, died in 2016. This has rendered Wichita functionally extinct; however, the tribe offers classes to revitalize the language and works in partnership with the Wichita Documentation Project of the University of Colorado, Boulder.

Infobox

Native to
United States
Region
West-central Oklahoma
Ethnicity
Wichita, Tawakoni
Extinct
August 30, 2016, with the death of Doris McLemore
Revival
Classes available
Language family
Caddoan NorthernWichita
Dialects
Waco Tawakoni Kirikirʔi꞉s
ISO 639-3
wic
Glottolog
wich1260
ELP
Wichita
Linguasphere
64-BAC-a 64-BAC 64-BAC-a

Tables

· Phonology › Consonants
plain
plain
Col 1
plain
Alveolar
labial.
Plosive
Plosive
Col 1
Plosive
Alveolar
t
Dorsal
k
Dorsal
kʷ
Glottal
ʔ
Affricate
Affricate
Col 1
Affricate
Alveolar
t͡s
Fricative
Fricative
Col 1
Fricative
Alveolar
s
Glottal
h
Sonorant
Sonorant
Col 1
Sonorant
Alveolar
ɾ ~ n
Semivowel
Semivowel
Col 1
Semivowel
Dorsal
j
Dorsal
w
Alveolar
Dorsal
Glottal
plain
labial.
Plosive
t
k
kʷ
ʔ
Affricate
t͡s
Fricative
s
h
Sonorant
ɾ ~ n
Semivowel
j
w
· Phonology › Consonants
[Vːʔ#]
[Vːʔ#]
Original word ending
[Vːʔ#]
Change
No change
Result
[Vːʔ#]
[VːVʔ#]
[VːVʔ#]
Original word ending
[VːVʔ#]
Change
-[V]
Result
[Vːʔ#]
Wichita example
[hijaːʔ] (snow)
[CVʔ#]
[CVʔ#]
Original word ending
[CVʔ#]
Change
-[V]
Result
[Cʔ#]
Wichita example
[kiːsʔ] (bone)
Original word ending
Change
Result
Wichita example
[Vːʔ#]
No change
[Vːʔ#]
[VːVʔ#]
-[V]
[Vːʔ#]
[hijaːʔ] (snow)
[CVʔ#]
-[V]
[Cʔ#]
[kiːsʔ] (bone)
· Phonology › Vowels
High
High
Col 1
High
Front
ɪ ~ i ~ e
Mid
Mid
Col 1
Mid
Front
ɛ ~ æ
Back
(o/u)
Low
Low
Col 1
Low
Back
ɒ ~ a
Front
Back
High
ɪ ~ i ~ e
Mid
ɛ ~ æ
(o/u)
Low
ɒ ~ a
· Phonology › Vowels
High
High
Col 1
High
Short
ɪ
Long
ɪˑ
Overlong
ɪː
Mid
Mid
Col 1
Mid
Short
ɛ
Long
ɛˑ
Overlong
ɛː
Low
Low
Col 1
Low
Short
a
Long
aˑ
Overlong
aː
Short
Long
Overlong
High
ɪ
ɪˑ
ɪː
Mid
ɛ
ɛˑ
ɛː
Low
a
aˑ
aː
· Grammar and morphology › Affixes
aorist
aorist
Prefixes
aorist
Prefixes
a ... ki-
aorist quotative
aorist quotative
Prefixes
aorist quotative
Prefixes
aːʔa ... ki-
future
future
Prefixes
future
Prefixes
keʔe-
future quotative
future quotative
Prefixes
future quotative
Prefixes
eheː-
perfect
perfect
Prefixes
perfect
Prefixes
aɾa-
perfect quotative
perfect quotative
Prefixes
perfect quotative
Prefixes
aːɾa-
indicative
indicative
Prefixes
indicative
Prefixes
ta/ti-
exclamatory
exclamatory
Prefixes
exclamatory
Prefixes
iskiri-
durative
durative
Prefixes
durative
Prefixes
a/i-
imperative
imperative
Prefixes
imperative
Prefixes
hi/i-
future imperative
future imperative
Prefixes
future imperative
Prefixes
kiʔi-
optative
optative
Prefixes
optative
Prefixes
kaʔa-
debetative
debetative
Prefixes
debetative
Prefixes
kaɾa-
Prefixes
aorist
a ... ki-
aorist quotative
aːʔa ... ki-
future
keʔe-
future quotative
eheː-
perfect
aɾa-
perfect quotative
aːɾa-
indicative
ta/ti-
exclamatory
iskiri-
durative
a/i-
imperative
hi/i-
future imperative
kiʔi-
optative
kaʔa-
debetative
kaɾa-

References

  1. ABC News 7
    http://www.kswo.com/story/32940602/last-wichita-speaker-passes-away
  2. Wichita Language Class. Archived 2010-07-02 at the Wayback Machine Wichita and Affiliated Tribes. 18 Feb 2009 (retrieved
    http://www.wichitatribe.com/language_class.htm
  3. "Wichita: About the Project." Archived 2011-11-16 at the Wayback Machine Department of Linguistics, University of Colora
    http://www.colorado.edu/linguistics/faculty/rood-old/Wichita/aboutproj.html
  4. Rood 2008, pp. 395–405
  5. Taylor 1963.
  6. The Bryant Park Project
    https://www.npr.org/2008/01/30/18532656/the-last-living-speaker-of-wichita
  7. Garvin 1950
  8. Rood 1975
  9. colorado
    https://web.archive.org/web/20111116085917/http://www.colorado.edu/linguistics/faculty/rood-old/Wichita/SketchofWichita.pdf
  10. Rood 1976
  11. "Archived copy"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150923235954/http://www.colorado.edu/linguistics/faculty/rood-old/Wichita/SketchofWichita.pdf
  12. Rood, David S. "Agent and object in Wichita." Lingua 28 (1971-1972): 100. Web. 14 Feb. 2014
  13. Rood 1996.
  14. Ethnologue
    https://www.ethnologue.com/language/wic
  15. Ruckman, S. E. "Tribal language fading away." Tulsa World. 26 Nov 2007 (retrieved 3 Oct 2009)
    https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=071126_1_A1_ahref16518
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