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Watermill

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Watermill

A watermill or water mill is a mill that uses hydropower. It is a structure that uses a water wheel or water turbine to drive a mechanical process such as milling (grinding), rolling, or hammering. Such processes are needed in the production of many material goods, including flour, lumber, paper, textiles, and many metal products. These watermills may comprise gristmills, sawmills, paper mills, textile mills, hammermills, trip hammering mills, rolling mills, and wire drawing mills. One major way to classify watermills is by wheel orientation (vertical or horizontal), one powered by a vertical waterwheel through a gear mechanism, and the other equipped with a horizontal waterwheel without such a mechanism. The former type can be further subdivided, depending on where the water hits the wheel paddles, into undershot, overshot, breastshot and pitchback (backshot or reverse shot) waterwheel mills. Another way to classify water mills is by an essential trait about their location: tide mills use the movement of the tide; ship mills are water mills onboard (and constituting) a ship. Watermills impact the river dynamics of the watercourses where they are installed. During the time watermills operate channels tend to sedimentate, particularly backwater. Also in the backwater area, inundation events and sedimentation of adjacent floodplains increase. Over time however these effects are cancelled by river banks becoming higher. Where mills have been removed, river incision increases and channels deepen.

Tables

· History › Western world › Middle Ages
Type of mill
Type of mill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
Type of mill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
Date
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
Country
Malt mill
Malt mill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
Malt mill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
770
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
France
Fulling mill
Fulling mill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
Fulling mill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
1080
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
France
Tanning mill
Tanning mill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
Tanning mill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
c. 1134
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
France
Forge mill
Forge mill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
Forge mill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
ca. 1200
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
England, France
Tool-sharpening mill
Tool-sharpening mill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
Tool-sharpening mill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
1203
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
France
Hemp mill
Hemp mill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
Hemp mill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
1209
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
France
Bellows
Bellows
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
Bellows
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
1269, 1283
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
Slovakia, France
Paper mill
Paper mill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
Paper mill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
1282
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
Spain
Sawmill
Sawmill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
Sawmill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
c. 1300
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
France
Ore-crushing mill
Ore-crushing mill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
Ore-crushing mill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
1317
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
Germany
Blast furnace
Blast furnace
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
Blast furnace
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
1384
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
France
Cutting and slitting mill
Cutting and slitting mill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
Cutting and slitting mill
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
1443
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
France
First Appearance of Various Industrial Mills in Medieval Europe, AD 770-1443
Type of mill
Date
Country
Malt mill
770
France
Fulling mill
1080
France
Tanning mill
c. 1134
France
Forge mill
ca. 1200
England, France
Tool-sharpening mill
1203
France
Hemp mill
1209
France
Bellows
1269, 1283
Slovakia, France
Paper mill
1282
Spain
Sawmill
c. 1300
France
Ore-crushing mill
1317
Germany
Blast furnace
1384
France
Cutting and slitting mill
1443
France

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    http://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/crt
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