Topzle Topzle

Wangerooge Frisian

Updated: Wikipedia source

Wangerooge Frisian

Wangerooge Frisian, also known as Wangeroogic or Wangeroogish, is an extinct variety of the East Frisian language, formerly spoken on the East Frisian Island of Wangerooge. Descended from the Weser subdialect of Old Frisian, it flourished on the island until a massive storm struck during the winter of 1854–1855, causing the inhabitants to flee to the mainland near Varel. Following the rebuilding of the island a few years later under the administration of the city of Oldenburg, Wangerooge was flooded with non-Frisian speakers and the population who had fled the island adopted the languages native to the mainland. The last two speakers died in 1950 in Varel. Research on the dialect began as early as 1799, but Wangerooge Frisian remains well-attested largely due to the later efforts of Heinrich Georg Ehrentraut, a German jurist, between 1837 and 1841. Along with his main informant Anna Metta Claßen, Ehrentraut analyzed the dialect and compiled an extensive corpus with speakers in the first half of the 1800s, originally published in two volumes of a short-lived academic journal; a third volume was published in 1996 using Ehrentraut's Nachlaß. Modern attention has been paid to Wangerooge Frisian for its preservation of archaic phonological phenomena, its unique phonology among Germanic languages, and its linguistic innovations over time.

Infobox

Region
Wangerooge
Ethnicity
East Frisians
Extinct
1950, with the death of Heinrich Christian Luths or Hayo Hayen
Language family
Indo-European GermanicWest GermanicNorth Sea GermanicAnglo-Frisian?FrisianEast FrisianWeserWangerooge Frisian
ISO 639-3
wgf (rejected in 2022)
Glottolog
None

Tables

Vowels[35] · Phonology › Vowels
unrounded
unrounded
Col 1
unrounded
Front
rounded
Close
Close
Col 1
Close
Front
i iː
Front
y (yː)
Back
u uː
Near-close
Near-close
Col 1
Near-close
Near-front
ɪ ɪː
Close-mid
Close-mid
Col 1
Close-mid
Front
ɛ ɛː
Front
ø øː
Back
o oː
Mid
Mid
Col 1
Mid
Central
(ə)
Open-mid
Open-mid
Col 1
Open-mid
Front
œ œː
Back
ɔ ɔː
Low
Low
Col 1
Low
Central
a
Back
ɑː
Front
Near-front
Central
Back
unrounded
rounded
Close
i iː
y (yː)
u uː
Near-close
ɪ ɪː
Close-mid
ɛ ɛː
ø øː
o oː
Mid
(ə)
Open-mid
œ œː
ɔ ɔː
Low
a
ɑː
Consonants[22] · Phonology › Consonants
Nasal
Nasal
Col 1
Nasal
Col 2
m
Dental
n
Plosive
Plosive
Col 1
Plosive
Col 2
voiceless
Labial
p
Alveolar
t
Velar
k
voiced
voiced
Col 1
voiced
Col 2
b
Dental
d
Palatal
g
Fricative
Fricative
Col 1
Fricative
Col 2
voiceless
Labiodental
f
Dental
θ
Alveolar
s
Velar
x
voiced
voiced
Col 1
voiced
Labial
v
Labiodental
ð
Dental
z
Palatal
ɣ
Approximant
Approximant
Col 1
Approximant
Alveolar
j
Palatal
w
Rhotic
Rhotic
Col 1
Rhotic
Labiodental
r̪
Labial
Labiodental
Dental
Alveolar
Palatal
Velar
Nasal
m
n
Plosive
voiceless
p
t
k
voiced
b
d
g
Fricative
voiceless
f
θ
s
x
voiced
v
ð
z
ɣ
Approximant
j
w
Rhotic
r̪
· Vocabulary and syntax
Neuter
Neuter
Col 1
Neuter
Strong
dait
Weak
't
Feminine
Feminine
Col 1
Feminine
Strong
djuu
Weak
de
Masculine
Masculine
Col 1
Masculine
Strong
dan
Plural
Plural
Col 1
Plural
Strong
daa
Strong
Weak
Neuter
dait
't
Feminine
djuu
de
Masculine
dan
Plural
daa

References

  1. Gregersen (2024) states that in personal communication, he and Arjen Versloot (fy) did not believe that transcriptions h
    https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjen_Versloot
  2. Versloot (2001) describes this orthographic convention as the short diphthong /oi/ instead.
  3. This article uses the Versloot orthography for consistency.
  4. Gregersen (2024a) describes this diphthong as /oːə̯/ instead.
  5. This term is cognate with German heißen and Dutch heten.
    https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hei%C3%9Fen#German
  6. SIL International
    https://iso639-3.sil.org/request/2021-007
  7. mw- .mw- Bremmer 2001, p. 7.Hoekstra 2023, p. 99.Winter 2022, p. 6.
  8. Gregersen 2024a, p. 77.
  9. Gregersen 2024a, pp. 77–78.
  10. Hoekstra 2023, p. 99.Stiles 2022, p. 369.Versloot 2001, p. 423.Winter 2022, pp. 5–6
  11. Bremmer 2009, p. 111.
  12. Winter 2022, p. 6.
  13. Stiles 2008, pp. 176–177.
  14. Versloot & Adamczyk 2018, p. 27.
  15. Versloot & Adamczyk 2018, pp. 46–47.
  16. Versloot 2001, p. 423.
  17. Gregersen 2024, p. 50.
  18. Gregersen 2023, p. 42.
  19. Versloot 2001, p. 423.Stiles 2022, p. 369.Gregersen 2024, p. 49.
  20. Gregersen 2024a, p. 78.
  21. For Claßen's role, see Gregersen 2024, p. 49.For Claßen's age and life, see Gregersen 2024a, p. 78.For the years of Ehre
  22. Gregersen 2024a, p. 86.
  23. Stiles 2022, p. 369.
  24. Stiles 2008, p. 177.
  25. Gregersen 2024a, p. 84.
  26. Gregersen 2024, p. 60.
  27. Versloot 2001, p. 425.
  28. For Otto Luths as the founder of the society and his profession, see Gregersen 2024, p. 51.For the context of the invita
  29. Gregersen 2024, pp. 55–56.
  30. Gregersen 2024, p. 55.
  31. Gregersen 2024a, p. 83.
  32. Gregersen 2024a, p. 79.
  33. Gregersen 2024a, p. 81.
  34. Gregersen 2024a, pp. 81–82.
  35. Versloot 2001, p. 423.Stiles 2022, p. 369.Bremmer 2009, p. 111.Hoekstra 2023, p. 98.
  36. For the storm surge, see Hoekstra 2023, p. 99.For the population in 1861, see Versloot 2001, p. 423.
  37. Hoekstra 2023, p. 99.
  38. For the 1890 German census and Siebs's 1927 trip, see Gregersen 2024, p. 50.For Siebs's trip around the turn of the 20th
  39. Versloot 2001, p. 423.Hoekstra 2023, p. 99.Winter 2022, pp. 8–9.
  40. For the schwa, see Stiles 2008, p. 182.For everything else, Versloot 2001, p. 425.
  41. Versloot 2022, p. 402.
  42. Faltings 2022, pp. 95–96.
  43. Faltings 2022, p. 96.
  44. Stiles 2008, p. 178.
  45. Stiles 2008, p. 182.
  46. Stiles 2008, p. 183.
  47. Versloot 2001, pp. 424–425.
  48. Gregersen 2024, p. 56.
  49. Bremmer 2009, p. 112.
  50. Hoekstra 1998, p. 26.
  51. Hoekstra 1998, p. 46.
  52. Hoekstra 2023, p. 104.
  53. Versloot & Adamczyk 2018, p. 29.
  54. Versloot & Adamczyk 2018, p. 43.
  55. Versloot & Adamczyk 2018, p. 50.
  56. Gregersen 2024, pp. 56–57.
  57. Gregersen 2024, pp. 56, 59.
  58. Hoekstra 2023, p. 140.
  59. Hoekstra 2023, p. 100.
  60. Hoekstra 2023, pp. 99–100.
  61. Hoekstra 2023, p. 110.
  62. For Old Frisian requiring dummy subjects, see de Haan 2010, p. 53.For everything else, see Hoekstra 2023, pp. 106–107.
  63. Gregersen 2023, p. 40.
  64. Gregersen 2023, p. 41.
  65. Gregersen 2024a, p. 71.
  66. Gregersen 2024a, pp. 79–80.
  67. Gregersen 2024a, p. 89.
Image
Source: —
Tip: Wheel or +/− to zoom, drag to pan, Esc to close.