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Vivien Leigh

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Vivien Leigh

Vivien Leigh ( LEE; born Vivian Mary Hartley; 5 November 1913 – 8 July 1967), styled as Lady Olivier after 1947, was a British actress. After completing her drama school education, Leigh appeared in small roles in four films in 1935 and progressed to the role of heroine in Fire Over England (1937). She then won the Academy Award for Best Actress twice, for her performances as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), a role she had also played on stage in London's West End in 1949. For the latter role, she also won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress. She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of Tovarich (1963). Despite her fame as a screen actress, Leigh was primarily a stage performer. During her 30-year career, she played roles ranging from the heroines of Noël Coward and George Bernard Shaw comedies to classic Shakespearean characters such as Ophelia, Cleopatra, Juliet and Lady Macbeth. Later in life, she performed as a character actress in a few films. Although her career had periods of inactivity, in 1999 the American Film Institute (AFI) ranked Leigh as the 16th-greatest female movie star of classic Hollywood cinema. Also lauded for her beauty, Leigh felt that her physical attributes sometimes prevented her from being taken seriously as an actress. At the time, the public strongly identified Leigh with her second husband, Laurence Olivier, who was her spouse from 1940 to 1960. Leigh and Olivier starred together in many stage productions, with Olivier often directing, and in three films. She earned a reputation for being difficult to work with, and for much of her life she had bipolar disorder, as well as recurrent bouts of chronic tuberculosis, which was first diagnosed in the mid-1940s and ultimately led to her death at age 53.

Infobox

Born
Vivian Mary Hartley(1913-11-05)5 November 1913Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency, British India
Died
8 July 1967(1967-07-08) (aged 53)Belgravia, London, England
Occupation
Actress
Years active
1935–1967
Title
mw- Lady Olivier (1947–1960)Vivien, Lady Olivier (1960–1967)
Spouses
mw- Herbert Leigh Holman (m. 1932; div. 1940) Laurence Olivier (m. 1940; div. 1960)
Partner
John Merivale (1960–1967)
Children
Suzanne Farrington
Relatives
Gerald Fielding (first cousin)Xan Fielding (first cousin once removed)

Tables

· Credits and accolades
1952
A Streetcar Named Desire
Role(s)
Won
British Academy Film Awards
Role(s)
1953
Notes
Best British Actress
Golden Globe Awards
Role(s)
1952
Notes
Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
Hollywood Walk of Fame
Role(s)
1960
Notes
Inductee
L'Étoile de Cristal
Role(s)
1966
Notes
Best Performance in a Leading Role
National Board of Review Awards
Role(s)
1940
Notes
Best Acting
New York Film Critics Circle Awards
Role(s)
1939
Notes
Best Actress
A Streetcar Named Desire
Role(s)
Won
Sant Jordi Awards
Role(s)
1957
Notes
Special Award for Acting
Tony Awards
Role(s)
1963
Notes
Best Actress in a Musical
Venice Film Festival Awards
Role(s)
1951
Notes
Volpi Cup for Best Actress
Association
Year
Category
Work
Result
Ref(s)
Academy Awards
1940
Best Actress
Gone with the Wind
Won
1952
A Streetcar Named Desire
Won
British Academy Film Awards
1953
Best British Actress
Won
Golden Globe Awards
1952
Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
Nominated
Hollywood Walk of Fame
1960
Inductee
—
Won
L'Étoile de Cristal
1966
Best Performance in a Leading Role
Ship of Fools
Won
National Board of Review Awards
1940
Best Acting
Gone with the WindWaterloo Bridge
Won
New York Film Critics Circle Awards
1939
Best Actress
Gone with the Wind
Won
1952
A Streetcar Named Desire
Won
Sant Jordi Awards
1957
Special Award for Acting
Won
Tony Awards
1963
Best Actress in a Musical
Tovarich
Won
Venice Film Festival Awards
1951
Volpi Cup for Best Actress
A Streetcar Named Desire
Won

References

  1. Holman was granted custody of their child after their divorce. Leigh became a grandmother when Suzanne, decades later, h
  2. For stage names, Gliddon proposed "Susan" then "Suzanne Hartley" and "Mary Hartley", before the more outlandish "April M
  3. After Olivier enrolled in the Fleet Air Arm, he served for two years as a pilot, resigning his commission in 1943 as a l
  4. Leigh's fee of $100,000 for A Streetcar Named Desire made her the highest paid British actress in 1951; her costar, Marl
  5. At one point in the pre-production, Katharine Hepburn was considered for the role of Mary Treadwell, but dropped out and
  6. L'Étoile de Cristal was the French equivalent of the Oscar.
  7. Leigh's death certificate gave her date of death as 8 July 1967, although she may have died before midnight the night be
  8. In a 1983 interview after his death, Kenneth Tynan's widow derided her husband's vindictive campaign against Leigh as "c
  9. Olivier 1982, p. 174.
  10. Briggs 1992, p. 338.
  11. Bean 2013, pp. 20–21.
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  60. "Gone with the Wind." Archived 22 December 2014 at archive.today Academy Awards Database (Oscars.org) (Academy of Motion
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  61. New York Film Critics Circle
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  63. McGilligan 2003, p. 238.
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  68. Spoto 2001, pp. 147–148.
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  71. Holden 1989, pp. 189–190.
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  75. Holden 1989, pp. 202, 205, 325.
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  79. Vickers 1988, p. 167.
  80. Walker 1987, p. 170.
  81. Holden 1989, pp. 221–222.
  82. Bean 2013, p. 115.
  83. Bean 2013, p. 111.
  84. Spoto 2001, p. 216.
  85. Spoto 2001, pp. 217–218.
  86. Holden 1989, p. 295.
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  88. Bean 2013, pp. 125–126.
  89. Spoto 2001, pp. 218–219.
  90. Kenneth Tynan: A Life
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  98. Holden 1989, pp. 312–313.
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  100. Capua 2003, p. 119.
  101. Tynan 1961, p. 9.
  102. Edwards 1978, pp. 196–197.
  103. Taylor 1984, pp. 93–94.
  104. Walker 1987, p. 213.
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  108. Coleman 2005, p. 271.
  109. More 1978, pp. 163–167.
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  111. Walker 1987, p. 222.
  112. Edwards 1978, pp. 219–234, 239.
  113. Spoto 2001, p. 301.
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  115. Walker 1987, pp. 258–259.
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  117. Andersen 1997, pp. 552–553.
  118. Steinberg, Jay. "Articles: Ship of Fools." Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
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  120. Walker 1987, p. 281.
  121. Bean 2013, p. 279.
  122. Daytona Beach Sunday News-Journal
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  126. Coleman 2005, p. 384.
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  135. Shipman 1988, p. 125.
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  140. Hartnoll 1972, p. 301.
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  142. The Guardian
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  144. Taylor 1984, p. 99.
  145. British Film Institute
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  146. Variety
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  149. "Vivien Leigh Centenary: Great Britons Stamps"
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  152. "Royal Mail celebrates 'Great Britons' with launch of latest special stamp collection"
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  153. "The 12th Academy Awards (1940)"
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  154. "The 24th Academy Awards (1952)"
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  155. "1953 BAFTA Film Awards"
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  156. "Vivien Leigh | Golden Globes"
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  157. "Vivien Leigh | Hollywood Walk of Fame"
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  158. Bean, Kendra. Vivien Leigh: An Intimate Portrait. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Running Press, 2013. ISBN 978-0-7624-5099-
  159. Los Angeles Times
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  160. Los Angeles Times
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  161. Los Angeles Times
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  162. La Vanguardia
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  163. Los Angeles Times
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  164. "12. Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica (1951) – Premi"
    https://archive.today/20190725095922/http://asac.labiennale.org/it/passpres/cinema/annali.php?m=24&c=p#selection-191.4-191.48
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