Topzle Topzle

Vegetarianism by country

Updated: Wikipedia source

Vegetarianism by country

Vegetarian and vegan dietary practices vary, as does the percentage of vegetarians, among countries. Differences include food standards, laws, and general cultural attitudes toward vegetarian diets. Some countries, such as India, have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, while other countries have secular ethical concerns, including animal rights, environmental protection, and health concerns. In general, vegetarians are a minority, except in a small number of exclusively vegetarian cities and towns, such as Rishikesh, which banned the sale of meat, fish, and eggs in 1956, and Palitana, which banned meat sales in 2014, where most or all residents are vegetarians. Some communities are majority vegetarian but meat is sold and consumed in the municipality. Other communities are vegetarian-friendly with a higher than average number of vegetarians but the majority of residents are meat-eaters. In some areas with few or no vegetarians, it may be difficult to find vegetarian food. In Europe and the United States, vegetarians eat milk and eggs. However, in India many vegetarians consider eggs to be non-vegetarian and falling in the same category as meat. Some vegetarians that choose to abstain from dairy may be labeled as vegan. However, veganism typically refers to abstaining from any act that may directly or indirectly injure any sentient being, thus typically requiring the exclusion of eggs and honey, along with dairy, as well as further non-dietary exclusions such as the purchase of wool, silk and leather and places where animals are being kept like zoos and circuses. In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets. The concept of vegetarianism to indicate 'vegetarian diet' is first mentioned by the Greek philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras of Samos around 500 BCE. Followers of several religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism have also advocated vegetarianism, believing that humans should not inflict pain on other animals. In January 2022, Google stated that searches for "vegan food near me" had dramatically increased in 2021. The term achieved "breakthrough status", meaning it increased by 5,000 percent or more indicating the rising popularity of vegan diets.

Tables

· Summary table
% ofpopulation
% ofpopulation
Country
% ofpopulation
Vegetarians
Approx.no. ofindividuals
Vegetarians
Year
Vegetarians
% ofpopulation
Vegans
Approx.no. ofindividuals
Vegans
Year
Argentina
Argentina
Country
Argentina
Vegetarians
12%
Vegetarians
5,400,000
Vegetarians
2020
Australia
Australia
Country
Australia
Vegetarians
5.3%
Vegetarians
2,500,000
Vegetarians
2023
Vegans
2%
Vegans
518,000
Vegans
2020
Austria
Austria
Country
Austria
Vegetarians
11%
Vegetarians
993,000
Vegetarians
2022
Vegans
2%
Vegans
180,000
Vegans
2022
Belgium
Belgium
Country
Belgium
Vegetarians
7%
Vegetarians
800,000
Vegetarians
2018
Vegans
1%
Vegans
110,000
Vegans
2018
Brazil
Brazil
Country
Brazil
Vegetarians
14%
Vegetarians
29,260,000
Vegetarians
2018
Vegans
7%
Vegans
15,000,000
Vegans
2025
Canada
Canada
Country
Canada
Vegetarians
7.6%
Vegetarians
2,888,000
Vegetarians
2020
Vegans
4.6%
Vegans
1,768,000
Vegans
2020
Chile
Chile
Country
Chile
Vegetarians
6%–14%
Vegetarians
2,500,000
Vegetarians
2018-2020
Vegans
4%
Vegans
750,000
Vegans
2020
China
China
Country
China
Vegetarians
14%
Vegetarians
196,000,000
Vegetarians
2019
Vegans
2%
Vegans
28,000,000
Vegans
2019
Colombia
Colombia
Country
Colombia
Vegetarians
4%
Vegetarians
2,000,000
Vegetarians
2016
Vegans
2%
Vegans
1,000,000
Vegans
2016
Czech Republic
Czech Republic
Country
Czech Republic
Vegetarians
5%
Vegetarians
500,000
Vegetarians
2019
Vegans
1%
Vegans
100,000
Vegans
2019
Denmark
Denmark
Country
Denmark
Vegetarians
4%
Vegetarians
233,240
Vegetarians
2020
Vegans
4%
Vegans
233,240
Vegans
2020
Estonia
Estonia
Country
Estonia
Vegetarians
4%
Vegetarians
53,200
Vegetarians
2020
Vegans
1%
Vegans
13,300
Vegans
2020
Finland
Finland
Country
Finland
Vegetarians
8%
Vegetarians
448,000
Vegetarians
2024
Vegans
3%
Vegans
168,000
Vegans
2024
France
France
Country
France
Vegetarians
0.8%
Vegetarians
375,000
Vegetarians
2021
Vegans
0.3%
Vegans
115,000
Vegans
2021
Germany
Germany
Country
Germany
Vegetarians
10%
Vegetarians
8,300,000
Vegetarians
2021
Vegans
2%
Vegans
1,660,000
Vegans
2021
Greece
Greece
Country
Greece
Vegetarians
4%
Vegetarians
400,000
Vegetarians
2022
Vegans
2%
Vegans
200,000
Vegans
2022
Hungary
Hungary
Country
Hungary
Vegetarians
5%
Vegetarians
450,000
Vegetarians
2022
Vegans
1%
Vegans
90,000
Vegans
2022
India
India
Country
India
Vegetarians
20–39%
Vegetarians
276,000,000
Vegetarians
2019–2020 2021
Vegans
9%
Vegans
121,500,000
Vegans
2021
Ireland
Ireland
Country
Ireland
Vegetarians
4.3–8.4%
Vegetarians
153,500
Vegetarians
2018
Vegans
2.0%–4.1%
Vegans
146,500
Vegans
2018
Israel
Israel
Country
Israel
Vegetarians
8%
Vegetarians
640,622
Vegetarians
2015
Vegans
5%
Vegans
400,389
Vegans
2015
Italy
Italy
Country
Italy
Vegetarians
9.5%
Vegetarians
5,600,000
Vegetarians
2024
Vegans
2.3%
Vegans
1,300,000
Vegans
2024
Jamaica
Jamaica
Country
Jamaica
Vegetarians
10%
Vegetarians
280,000
Vegetarians
2015
Japan
Japan
Country
Japan
Vegetarians
4%
Vegetarians
1,675,000
Vegetarians
2018
Vegans
2.7%
Vegans
3,500,000
Vegans
2016
Latvia
Latvia
Country
Latvia
Vegetarians
3%
Vegetarians
57,000
Vegetarians
2020
Vegans
1%
Vegans
19,000
Vegans
2020
Lithuania
Lithuania
Country
Lithuania
Vegetarians
3%
Vegetarians
84,300
Vegetarians
2020
Vegans
1%
Vegans
28,100
Vegans
2020
Mexico
Mexico
Country
Mexico
Vegetarians
19%
Vegetarians
23,750,000
Vegetarians
2016
Vegans
9%
Vegans
11,250,000
Vegans
2016
Netherlands
Netherlands
Country
Netherlands
Vegetarians
2.3%
Vegetarians
390,000
Vegetarians
2024
Vegans
0.5%
Vegans
85,000
Vegans
2024
New Zealand
New Zealand
Country
New Zealand
Vegetarians
2%
Vegetarians
100,000
Vegetarians
2018-2020
Vegans
0.7%
Vegans
50,000
Vegans
2018-2020
Norway
Norway
Country
Norway
Vegetarians
4%
Vegetarians
215,000
Vegetarians
2020
Vegans
4%
Vegans
215,000
Vegans
2020
Philippines
Philippines
Country
Philippines
Vegetarians
5%
Vegetarians
5,000,000
Vegetarians
2014
Vegans
2%
Vegans
2,000,000
Vegans
2014
Poland
Poland
Country
Poland
Vegetarians
6.6%
Vegetarians
2,500,000
Vegetarians
2017
Vegans
1.8%
Vegans
536,000
Vegans
2017
Portugal
Portugal
Country
Portugal
Vegetarians
1.2%
Vegetarians
120,000
Vegetarians
2017
Vegans
0.6%
Vegans
60,000
Vegans
2018
Romania
Romania
Country
Romania
Vegetarians
2%
Vegetarians
2024
Vegans
2%
Vegans
2024
Russia
Russia
Country
Russia
Vegetarians
1%
Vegetarians
1,450,000
Vegetarians
2023
Singapore
Singapore
Country
Singapore
Vegetarians
5%
Vegetarians
380,000
Vegetarians
2023
Slovenia
Slovenia
Country
Slovenia
Vegetarians
1.4–1.6%
Vegetarians
28,922 – 33,054
Vegetarians
2007/2008
Vegans
0.3%–0.5%
Vegans
6,197 – 10,329
Vegans
2007/2008
South Korea
South Korea
Country
South Korea
Vegetarians
3%
Vegetarians
1,500,000
Vegetarians
2017
Spain
Spain
Country
Spain
Vegetarians
1.4%
Vegetarians
664,000
Vegetarians
2021[citation needed]
Vegans
0.8%
Vegans
380,000
Vegans
2021
Sweden
Sweden
Country
Sweden
Vegetarians
6%
Vegetarians
621,000
Vegetarians
2020
Vegans
4%
Vegans
414,000
Vegans
2020
Switzerland
Switzerland
Country
Switzerland
Vegetarians
5.3%
Vegetarians
308,000
Vegetarians
2024
Vegans
0.7%
Vegans
50,000
Vegans
2024
Taiwan
Taiwan
Country
Taiwan
Vegetarians
13–14%
Vegetarians
3,297,011
Vegetarians
2015201620172019
Thailand
Thailand
Country
Thailand
Vegetarians
8.0%
Vegetarians
5,400,000
Vegetarians
2019
Ukraine
Ukraine
Country
Ukraine
Vegetarians
5.2%
Vegetarians
2,000,000
Vegetarians
2017
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Country
United Kingdom
Vegetarians
5%
Vegetarians
3,464,000
Vegetarians
2025
Vegans
2%
Vegans
1,386,00
Vegans
2025
United States
United States
Country
United States
Vegetarians
4.2%
Vegetarians
14,000,000
Vegetarians
2023
Vegans
1.5%
Vegans
5,000,000
Vegans
2023
Vietnam
Vietnam
Country
Vietnam
Vegetarians
10%
Vegetarians
9,000,000
Vegetarians
2011
Country
Vegetarians
Vegans
% ofpopulation
Approx.no. ofindividuals
Year
% ofpopulation
Approx.no. ofindividuals
Year
Argentina
12%
5,400,000
2020
Australia
5.3%
2,500,000
2023
2%
518,000
2020
Austria
11%
993,000
2022
2%
180,000
2022
Belgium
7%
800,000
2018
1%
110,000
2018
Brazil
14%
29,260,000
2018
7%
15,000,000
2025
Canada
7.6%
2,888,000
2020
4.6%
1,768,000
2020
Chile
6%–14%
2,500,000
2018-2020
4%
750,000
2020
China
14%
196,000,000
2019
2%
28,000,000
2019
Colombia
4%
2,000,000
2016
2%
1,000,000
2016
Czech Republic
5%
500,000
2019
1%
100,000
2019
Denmark
4%
233,240
2020
4%
233,240
2020
Estonia
4%
53,200
2020
1%
13,300
2020
Finland
8%
448,000
2024
3%
168,000
2024
France
0.8%
375,000
2021
0.3%
115,000
2021
Germany
10%
8,300,000
2021
2%
1,660,000
2021
Greece
4%
400,000
2022
2%
200,000
2022
Hungary
5%
450,000
2022
1%
90,000
2022
India
20–39%
276,000,000
2019–2020 2021
9%
121,500,000
2021
Ireland
4.3–8.4%
153,500
2018
2.0%–4.1%
146,500
2018
Israel
8%
640,622
2015
5%
400,389
2015
Italy
9.5%
5,600,000
2024
2.3%
1,300,000
2024
Jamaica
10%
280,000
2015
Japan
4%
1,675,000
2018
2.7%
3,500,000
2016
Latvia
3%
57,000
2020
1%
19,000
2020
Lithuania
3%
84,300
2020
1%
28,100
2020
Mexico
19%
23,750,000
2016
9%
11,250,000
2016
Netherlands
2.3%
390,000
2024
0.5%
85,000
2024
New Zealand
2%
100,000
2018-2020
0.7%
50,000
2018-2020
Norway
4%
215,000
2020
4%
215,000
2020
Philippines
5%
5,000,000
2014
2%
2,000,000
2014
Poland
6.6%
2,500,000
2017
1.8%
536,000
2017
Portugal
1.2%
120,000
2017
0.6%
60,000
2018
Romania
2%
2024
2%
2024
Russia
1%
1,450,000
2023
Singapore
5%
380,000
2023
Slovenia
1.4–1.6%
28,922 – 33,054
2007/2008
0.3%–0.5%
6,197 – 10,329
2007/2008
South Korea
3%
1,500,000
2017
Spain
1.4%
664,000
2021[citation needed]
0.8%
380,000
2021
Sweden
6%
621,000
2020
4%
414,000
2020
Switzerland
5.3%
308,000
2024
0.7%
50,000
2024
Taiwan
13–14%
3,297,011
2015201620172019
Thailand
8.0%
5,400,000
2019
Ukraine
5.2%
2,000,000
2017
United Kingdom
5%
3,464,000
2025
2%
1,386,00
2025
United States
4.2%
14,000,000
2023
1.5%
5,000,000
2023
Vietnam
10%
9,000,000
2011

References

  1. Includes vegans
  2. Most of these vegetarians are Rastafarians.
  3. Includes vegans
  4. Hindu Press International
    https://www.hinduismtoday.com/hpi/2004/03/12/2004-03-12-india-supreme-court-upholds-ban-on-meat-and-fish-in-rishikesh/
  5. "In India, The World's First Vegetarian City"
    https://www.indiadivine.org/in-india-the-worlds-first-vegetarian-city/
  6. Fodors Travel Guide
    https://www.fodors.com/news/photos/the-10-worst-countries-in-the-world-for-being-vegetarian
  7. NPR
    https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/07/14/422592127/egg-wars-india-s-vegetarian-elite-are-accused-of-keeping-kids-hungry
  8. Veganism: Applications on Food Choices, Morals, Health, Environment, and Economy
    https://books.google.com/books?id=oG9UEAAAQBAJ
  9. "Guidance on vegetarian and vegan labelling"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120412213611/http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2006/apr/vegvegan
  10. Time
    https://time.com/3958070/history-of-veganism/
  11. VegNews
    https://vegnews.com/2021/12/google-searches-for-vegan-food
  12. Green Queen
    https://www.greenqueen.com.hk/vegan-food-near-me-google-search/
  13. The rhetoric of food : discourse, materiality, and power
    https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/813005346
  14. The Animal Rights Debate: Abolition Or Regulation?
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180420174910/https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-animal-rights-debate/9780231149556
  15. elmilenio.info
    https://elmilenio.info/2020/11/05/cuantos-veganos-y-vegetarianos-hay-en-argentina
  16. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/food-and-nutrition/dieting-and-food-avoidance/latest-release
    https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/food-and-nutrition/dieting-and-food-avoidance/latest-release
  17. veganaustralia.org
    https://www.veganaustralia.org.au/faq#how_many_vegans_are_there_in_australia
  18. Statista
    https://de.statista.com/themen/3804/vegetarismus-und-veganismus-in-oesterreich
  19. DeMorgen.be
    https://www.demorgen.be/binnenland/bijna-helft-van-de-belgen-eet-minder-vlees-dan-een-jaar-geleden-b18aac06
  20. statista.com
    https://www.statista.com/statistics/807567/vegans-and-vegetarians-in-belgium-by-region
  21. "IBOPE 2018: Pesquisa do IBOPE aponta crescimento histórico no número de vegetarianos no Brasil"
    https://www.svb.org.br/2469-pesquisa-do-ibope-aponta-crescimento-historico-no-numero-de-vegetarianos-no-brasil
  22. "Pesquisa Datafolha revela que 7% dos brasileiros se consideram veganos"
    https://svb.org.br/pesquisa-datafolha-revela-que-7-dos-brasileiros-se-consideram-veganos/
  23. "How Many Vegans Are There in Canada? [2020 Survey]"
    https://vegfaqs.com/number-vegans-in-canada-survey
  24. eldesconcierto.cl
    https://www.eldesconcierto.cl/2018/05/02/un-6-de-la-poblacion-chilena-es-vegetariana
  25. Nutrición Vegana
    https://lanutricionvegana.com/veganos-y-vegetarianos-en-chile/
  26. Statista
    https://www.statista.com/statistics/1085172/dietary-habits-in-china
  27. lavozdeyopal
    https://www.lavozdeyopal.co/el-14-de-los-colombianos-es-flexitariano-vegano-o-vegetariano
  28. Ipsos
    https://www.ipsos.com/cs-cz/bezmasou-stravu-preferuje-desetina-mladych
  29. Orkla
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220709001603/https://www.orkla.fi/app/uploads/sites/12/2020/11/Orkla-Sustainable-Life-Barometer-2020-Main-Report.pdf#page=41
  30. bynewsdesk.com
    https://www.mynewsdesk.com/fi/orkla-finland/documents/oslb-2024-esitys-dot-pdf-438015
  31. FranceAgriMer
    https://www.franceagrimer.fr/chiffre-et-analyses-economiques/vegetariens-et-flexitariens-en-france-en-2020
  32. BMEL
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210717154747/https://www.bmel.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/_Ernaehrung/forsa-ernaehrungsreport-2021-tabellen.pdf;jsessionid=5DE8D7DAE201E80C0C1050F0995C3CE3.live841?__blob=publicationFile&v=2
  33. imerisia.gr
    https://www.imerisia.gr/epiheiriseis/29565_ielka-oi-pente-diatrofikes-taseis-toy-katanaloti-toy-mellontos
  34. biozoojournals.ro/swjhbe/
    http://biozoojournals.ro/swjhbe/v13n1/swjhbe_e22103_Csabai.pdf
  35. population aged 15-49 years
  36. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
    https://www.pewforum.org/2021/06/29/religion-and-food/
  37. Economic and Political Weekly
  38. Statista
    https://www.statista.com/statistics/1280079/global-country-ranking-vegetarian-share/
  39. Statista
    https://www.statista.com/statistics/1280066/global-country-ranking-vegan-share/
  40. Statista
    https://www.statista.com/topics/8771/veganism-and-vegetarianism-worldwide/
  41. "The Irish food board wants to know how to 'win back' vegetarians and vegans"
    https://www.thejournal.ie/ireland-vegetarians-vegans-2-4058390-Jun2018/
  42. Bord Bia
    https://www.bordbia.ie/globalassets/bordbia.ie/industry/marketing-reports/consumer-reports/dietary-lifestyles-report-november2018.pdf
  43. Reuters.com
    https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-food-vegan/in-the-land-of-milk-and-honey-israelis-turn-vegan-idUSKCN0PV1H020150721
  44. הארץ
    https://www.haaretz.co.il/food/eatornot/.premium-1.2436863
  45. "3Un futuro sempre più verde: mai così tanti vegani e vegetariani in Italia e nel mondo"
    https://www.vegamo.it/news/vegani-e-vegetariani-in-italia
  46. thedailymeal.com
    https://www.thedailymeal.com/travel/3-best-countries-vegetarians
  47. "ベジタリアン又はヴィーガンに適した加工食品JAS"
    https://www.maff.go.jp/j/jas/jas_standard/attach/pdf/index-296.pdf
  48. Hachidory
    https://hachidory.com/article/ethical-topics/vi-ganraihusutairu/%e6%97%a5%e6%9c%ac%e3%81%a8%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e3%81%ae%e3%83%b4%e3%82%a3%e3%83%bc%e3%82%ac%e3%83%b3%e7%8e%87%e3%83%bb%e3%83%99%e3%82%b8%e3%82%bf%e3%83%aa%e3%82%a2%e3%83%b3%e7%8e%87/
  49. NielsenIQ
    https://nielseniq.com/global/es/insights/report/2016/8-de-cada-10-mexicanos-afirma-seguir-algun-tipo-de-dieta-restrictiva
  50. cbs.nl
    https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2024/10/nederlanders-kiezen-bij-een-kwart-van-de-hoofdmaaltijden-voor-vegetarisch
  51. cbs.nl
    https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2024/10/nederlanders-kiezen-bij-een-kwart-van-de-hoofdmaaltijden-voor-vegetarisch
  52. Public Health Nutrition
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1368980023002677/type/journal_article
  53. The Manilla Times
    https://www.manilatimes.net/vegan-communities-growing-along-with-research-on-health-benefits/109957
  54. RoślinnieJemy
    https://pliki.horecatrends.pl/i/00/46/51/004651.pdf
  55. Centrovegetariano.org
    https://www.centrovegetariano.org/Article-620-N-mero-de-vegetarianos-quadruplica-em-10-anos.html
  56. Theportugalnews.com
    http://theportugalnews.com/news/number-of-vegetarians-in-portugal-rises-by-400-percent-in-10-years/43482
  57. "Evolving appetites: An in-depth look at attitudes towards plant-based eating - Romania"
    https://smartproteinproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/RO_ProVeg_Smart-Protein-Report_2024.pdf
  58. Russian Public Opinion Research Center
    https://wciom.com/press-release/vegeterianism-and-veganism-pro-et-contra
  59. YouGov
    https://sg.yougov.com/consumer/articles/47585-world-food-day-singapore-major-dietary-preferences-most-favourite-cuisines-2023
  60. Prehrambene navade odraslih prebivalcev Slovenije z vidika varovanja zdravja
    http://www.nijz.si/sl/publikacije/prehrambene-navade-odraslih-prebivalcev-slovenije
  61. The Korea Herald
    http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20170616000617
  62. efeagro.com
    https://www.efeagro.com/noticia/veganos-vegetarianos-flexitarianos-espana
  63. Swissveg.ch
    https://www.swissveg.ch/de/swissveg-report-statistiken-2024
  64. Pressherlad.com
    http://www.pressherald.com/2015/01/14/vegetarian-kitchen-from-radical-to-trendy-for-mainers-living-without-meat
  65. Ketagalanmedia.com
    http://www.ketagalanmedia.com/2016/06/20/the-new-vegan-movement-in-taiwan
  66. Worldatlas.com
    http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/countries-with-the-highest-rates-of-vegetarianism.html
  67. "Meatless Dining – for Religion or Lifestyle"
    https://topics.amcham.com.tw/2019/01/meatless-dining-for-religion-or-lifestyle/
  68. Statista
    https://www.statista.com/statistics/1246680/thailand-share-of-non-meat-eaters
  69. Kyiv Post
    https://www.kyivpost.com/lifestyle/vegetarian-try-places-kyiv.html?cn-reloaded=1
  70. YouGov
    https://yougov.co.uk/topics/lifestyle/trackers/dietery-choices-of-brits-eg-vegeterian-flexitarian-meat-eater-etc
  71. Gallup.com
    https://news.gallup.com/poll/510038/identify-vegetarian-vegan.aspx
  72. nhipcauthegioi.hu
    http://nhipcauthegioi.hu/Gia-dinh/AN-CHAY-XU-HUONG-MOI-CUA-LOI-SONG-HIEN-DAI-PHAN-1-2759.html
  73. Nielsen
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210830231318/https://www.nielsen.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/04/global-ingredient-and-out-of-home-dining-trends-aug-2016.pdf
  74. Mail & Guardian Africa
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150703215235/http://mgafrica.com/article/2015-03-30-vegetarian-africans
  75. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2013/sep/23/best-countries-to-be-vegetarian
  76. Restaurants.MU
    https://restaurants.mu/en/articles/vegan-restaurants-in-mauritius.html#
  77. Global Gourmet
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150907183913/http://www.globalgourmet.com/food/special/2000/northafrica/#axzz3pIxxaTbe
  78. International Vegetarian Union
    http://www.ivu.org/history/gandhi/1895-1.html
  79. Magistad, Mary Kay. Public Radio International, 27 June 2013, "Vegan lunch: Going meatless in Beijing". Accessed 26 Janu
    http://www.pri.org/stories/2013-06-27/vegan-lunch-going-meatless-beijing
  80. China Daily
    http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/citylife/2006-05/17/content_592715.htm
  81. Asia Major
    https://www.jstor.org/stable/44873386
  82. 日本調理科学会誌
    https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/cookeryscience/54/1/54_66/_article/-char/ja/
  83. thediplomat.com
    https://thediplomat.com/2020/12/more-and-more-south-koreans-are-going-vegetarian/
  84. The Korea Herald
    https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20220314000865
  85. pulsenews.co.kr
    https://pulsenews.co.kr/view.php?year=2019&no=213221
  86. Blogger: Aanmelden om te lezen. Taiwantalking.blogspot.com. Retrieved on 6 January 2011.
    https://taiwantalking.blogspot.com/2009/09/vegetarian-movement-in-taiwan.html
  87. Taiwan to enact world's strictest law on veggie food labeling|Earth Times News Archived 30 September 2020 at the Wayback
    http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/272296,taiwan-to-enact-worlds-strictest-law-on-veggie-food-labeling.html
  88. Taiwan’s Vegetarian Population Exceeds 3 Million, and Taipei is Vegetarian-Friendly City|Merxwire. merxwire.com. Retriev
    https://merxwire.com/11830/taiwans-vegetarian-population-exceeds-3-million-and-taipei-is-vegetarian-friendly-city/
  89. 台灣周一無肉日 救己救地球 – 日常保健 – 中時健康網 – 健康萬花筒 Archived 10 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Health.chinatimes.com. Retrieved on 6
    http://health.chinatimes.com/contents.aspx?cid=1,11&id=7958
  90. 台湾教育部提倡学校每周一素!. Chinavegan.com. Retrieved on 6 January 2011.
    http://www.chinavegan.com/2010/[email protected]
  91. A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms
    https://www.gutenberg.org/files/2124/2124-h/2124-h.htm
  92. Vegetarianism
    https://books.google.com/books?id=ro5QDwAAQBAJ&dq=Faxian%27s+view+on+Indian+vegetarianism&pg=PT114
  93. Scribd.com
    https://www.scribd.com/doc/91840616/Meat-Consumption-Per-Person
  94. The Age
    http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/bloodless-coup-as-indian-vegetarians-flex-muscle/2007/07/13/1183833772532.html
  95. Hindu Council of Australia
    https://hinducouncil.com.au/new/projects/vegetarianism/hindu-councils-definition-of-a-pure-vegetarian-diet/
  96. "Eggetarian"
    https://www.justdial.com/Bhopal/The-Eggetarian-Near-Hotel-Pleasure-Inn/0755PX755-X755-190503200627-N2U5_BZDET
  97. "eggetarian"
    https://www.trip.com/travel-guide/foods/salem-15321-restaurant/eggetarian-19968109/
  98. Chicago Reader
    http://chicagoreader.com/food-drink/egg-o-holic-puts-together-gujarats-vast-eggetarian-street-food/
  99. www.telegraphindia.com
    https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/try-this/attend/the-nest-at-ecohub-food-festival-egg-festival-with-dishes-like-egg-biryani-egg-pudding-egg-falafel-and-more-till-october-21/cid/1892847
  100. Commerce.nic.in
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070928043739/http://commerce.nic.in/wto_sub/TBT%20Notifications%20by%20INDIA/2%20-%20GSR%20245%20-%20Health.pdf
  101. www.artworkflowhq.com
    https://www.artworkflowhq.com/resources/fssai-labeling-updates
  102. The Indian Express
    http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/in-india-to-be-veg-is-to-drink-a-lot-of-milk/
  103. "Mapping the Consumption of Milk and Meat in India"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160605214910/http://thewire.in/2016/03/08/mapping-the-consumption-of-milk-and-meat-in-india-24181/
  104. Vegetarianism : a History
    https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1020639750
  105. Thehindu.com
    http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/the-food-habits-of-a-nation/article3089973.ece
  106. Fao.org
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180817175028/http://www.fao.org/WAIRDOCS/LEAD/X6170E/x6170e09.htm
  107. "Passage to India"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20131126101335/http://www.fas.usda.gov/htp/highlights/2001/india.pdf
  108. Ers.usda.gov
    https://web.archive.org/web/20161018015249/http://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2004-february/the-elephant-is-jogging-new-pressures-for-agricultural-reform-in-india.aspx
  109. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-43581122
  110. Hindustan Times
    https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/from-meat-and-fish-to-vegetables-these-9-charts-reveal-how-india-eats/story-TuuBXEWSUh8rasldtnongP.html
  111. Economic and Political Weekly
  112. The Indian Express
    https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/indians-love-meat-of-all-kinds-thats-what-an-rgi-survey-says-2850992-foodie/
  113. Censusindia.gov.in
    http://www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/BASELINE%20TABLES07062016.pdf
  114. Censusindia.gov.in
    http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/baseline/baseline2004.pdf
  115. Mint
    https://www.livemint.com/Politics/dWUqT4epdPTHNAYuKYVThK/No-vegetarianism-is-not-growing-in-India.html
  116. Tani Khara, The myth of a vegetarian India, The Conversation, 11.09.18, recovered 16.10.20
    https://theconversation.com/the-myth-of-a-vegetarian-india-102768
  117. Indian Express
    https://indianexpress.com/article/india/more-men-eating-non-veg-than-before-nfhs-data-7920932
  118. Teamjournalist.files.wordpress.com
    https://teamjournalht.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/team-edsprvrev-p55-62.pdf
  119. The Straits Times
    https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/food/more-choices-for-vegetarians
  120. Mako
    http://www.mako.co.il/food-weekend/Article-dae06bc8236c731006.htm
  121. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-food-vegan-idUSKCN0PV1H020150721
  122. Faz.net
    https://www.faz.net/aktuell/stil/essen-trinken/warum-israel-das-veganste-land-der-welt-ist-13812715.html
  123. Jewish Veganism and Vegetarianism: Studies and New Directions
    https://books.google.com/books?id=KPOODwAAQBAJ&dq=israel+vegetarianism&pg=PR5
  124. The Atlantic
    https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/12/big-in-israel-vegan-warriors/413149/
  125. Jewish Veganism and Vegetarianism: Studies and New Directions
    https://books.google.com/books?id=KPOODwAAQBAJ&dq=judaism+vegetarianism&pg=PR5
  126. "Belgian city plans 'veggie' days", Chris Mason, BBC, 12 May 2009
    http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8046970.stm
  127. Appetite
    https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.appet.2017.03.052
  128. Kuopion kaupunkilehti
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150623234231/http://www.kaupunkilehti.fi/web/pdf/2013_09/24KALE0209P0.pdf
  129. Savonsanomat.fi
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150924114850/http://www.savonsanomat.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/jopa-kolmannes-opiskelijoista-valitsee-kasvisruoan-kasvissyonti-ei-ole-enaa-vain-tyttojen-juttu/1366677
  130. Mtv.fi
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150627111101/http://www.mtv.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/artikkeli/kasvissyonti-yleistyy-joissain-lukioissa-jo-yli-puolet-opiskelijoista-kasvissyojia/2335416
  131. "73% Of French Elementary Schools Offer Meat-Free Meals At Least Once A Week, Plantbasednews, September 23, 2020"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20230804194329/https://plantbasednews.org/lifestyle/food/french-elementary-schools-meat-free-meals/
  132. Menus végétariens : du mieux à la cantine ?, Greenpeace.fr
    https://www.greenpeace.fr/menus-vegetariens-du-mieux-a-la-cantine/
  133. Appetite
    https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.appet.2015.10.018
  134. The Times
    https://www.thetimes.com/world/europe/article/violent-clashes-amid-the-growing-beef-between-vegans-and-farmers-m5rrcglzl
  135. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development
    https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00139157.2015.1069093
  136. Budapest Business Journal
    https://issuu.com/absolutmedia/docs/bbj_27012017
  137. "Is Iceland the most veggie-friendly country in Europe?"
    https://icelandmonitor.mbl.is/news/eat_and_drink/2016/10/06/is_iceland_the_most_veggie_friendly_country_in_euro
  138. "Antonie kamerling en marly van der velden meest sexy vegetariërs"
    http://www.wakkerdier.nl/persbericht/283/Antonie_kamerling_en_marly_van_der_velden_meest_sexy_vegetari%EBrs/?id=283
  139. "V-Label keurmerk op gecertificeerde vega en vegan producten"
    https://www.vegetariers.nl/v-label/keurmerk/
  140. Vegamonitor 2019 - Natuur & Milieu, Stichting Natuur en Milieu
    https://www.natuurenmilieu.nl/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Natuur-Milieu-Vegamonitor-2019-RAPP_e1.pdf
  141. Factsheet 1: Consumptiecijfers en aantallen vegetariërs (in Dutch) Archived 14 April 2022 at the Wayback Machine, De Ned
    https://www.vegetariers.nl/bewust/veelgestelde-vragen/factsheet-consumptiecijfers-en-aantallen-vegetariers-
  142. Hoeveel veganisten zijn er (in Dutch), Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme
    https://www.veganisme.org/faq-items/hoeveel-veganisten-zijn-er-op-de-wereld
  143. vegconomist.com
    https://vegconomist.com/studies-and-numbers/happycow-reveals-top-ten-vegan-friendly-cities-in-the-world/
  144. App.parlamento.pt
    http://app.parlamento.pt/webutils/docs/doc.pdf?path=6148523063446f764c3246795a5868774d546f334e7a67774c336470626d6c7561574e7059585270646d467a4c31684a53556b76644756346447397a4c334271624445784d53315953556c4a4c6d527659773d3d&fich=pjl111-XIII.doc&Inline=true
  145. "Most Vegan Friendly Cities in the World in 2022"
    https://theveganword.com/vegan-friendly-cities/
  146. Huffington Post
    https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/what-vegan-travelers-need-to-know-about-dining-in-romania_us_58a368c2e4b0e172783aa180?guccounter=1
  147. "Вегетарианский Петербург. Прерванная история"
    https://institutspb.ru/articles/vegetarianskiy-peterburg-prervannaya-istoriya
  148. Hinduism Today
    https://www.hinduismtoday.com/magazine/july-august-september-2006/2006-07-russian-vegetarianism/
  149. IVU - International Vegetarian Union
    https://ivu.org/history-legacy-pages/the-history-of-vegetarian-thought-and-practice/articles/2330-an-almost-vegan-haven-in-the-siberian-wilderness-the-remarkable-story-of-cheremshanka.html
  150. Vegetarian 'revolution': Fast-growing trend sees fewer meat-eaters than ever
    https://www.thinkspain.com/news-spain/28647/vegetarian-revolution-fast-growing-trend-sees-fewer-meat-eaters-than-ever
  151. Hur många vegetarianer/veganer finns det?: Djurens rätt
    https://web.archive.org/web/20201225085101/https://www.djurensratt.se/vanliga-fragor/hur-manga-vego-finns-det-i-sverige
  152. Orkla Sustainable Life Barometer 2020, p 41
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220709001603/https://www.orkla.fi/app/uploads/sites/12/2020/11/Orkla-Sustainable-Life-Barometer-2020-Main-Report.pdf#page=41
  153. "Wie viele Vegetarier gibt es in der Schweiz?"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20010828021945/http://vegetarismus.ch/heft/2001-1/anzahl.htm
  154. Society and Animals
    https://doi.org/10.1163%2F156853099X00095
  155. "How many vegetarians and vegans are in the UK in 2025?"
    https://www.finder.com/uk/stats-facts/uk-diet-trends
  156. Statista
    https://www.statista.com/topics/7297/veganism-in-the-united-kingdom/#topicOverview
  157. The Globe and Mail
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-most-vegans-vegetarians-in-canada-are-under-35-survey/
  158. CTV News
    https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/article/more-than-3-million-canadians-vegetarian-or-vegan-study/
  159. Nielsen Corporation
    https://web.archive.org/web/20170607104319/http://www.nielsen.com/mx/es/insights/news/2016/Ingredientes-y-tendencias-de-comida-fuera-de-casa-en-Latam.html
  160. Euromonitor
    https://www.euromonitor.com/article/the-war-on-meat-how-low-meat-and-no-meat-diets-are-impacting-consumer-markets
  161. Tatge, Mark, "Vegetarian foods plant stronger sales: No signs of slowing down for growing industry", NBC News, 17 Septem
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130323091651/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/6008949
  162. The Vegetarian Resource Group
    http://www.vrg.org/nutshell/Polls/2016_adults_veg.htm
  163. Gallup.com
    https://news.gallup.com/poll/267074/percentage-americans-vegetarian.aspx
  164. Gallup.com
    https://news.gallup.com/poll/6424/Nutrition-Food.aspx
  165. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-53787329
  166. Gallup
    https://news.gallup.com/poll/267074/percentage-americans-vegetarian.aspx
  167. Vegetarian Journal
    https://www.vrg.org/journal/vj2009issue3/Issue_3_2009.pdf
  168. CBS News
    https://www.cbsnews.com/news/more-children-refuse-to-eat-meat-than-youd-think-and-for-the-right-reasons/
  169. NBC News
    https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/pass-tofu-1-200-kids-vegetarian-flna1C9454015
  170. Food and Drug Administration
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090607082742/http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/ucm094211.htm
  171. Food and Drug Administration
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090603052810/http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/GuidanceDocuments/FoodLabelingNutrition/FoodLabelingGuide/default.htm
  172. "Food Labeling Guide"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090606085718/http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/GuidanceDocuments/FoodLabelingNutrition/FoodLabelingGuide/ucm064880.htm#declare
  173. http://www.vegetarianweek.com.au/ Archived 23 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine
    http://www.vegetarianweek.com.au/
  174. vegiedelights.com.au
    http://www.vegiedelights.com.au/
  175. The New Zealand Vegetarian Society (NZVS)"What Is a Vegetarian" Retrieved 25 January 2018.
    http://www.vegetarian.org.nz/vegetarianism/
  176. "Living a Good Life : To be a vegetarian in New Zealand" P. Bidwell, New Zealand Vegetarian Society.
  177. Roy Morgan Research
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200924155851/http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6663-vegetarians-on-the-rise-in-new-zealand-june-2015-201602080028
  178. Vegetarians
    http://www.vegetarians.co.nz/articles/new-zealand-vegetarian-and-vegan-retailers/
  179. Australia-New Zealand Co-operation. "Food safety: food regulations". Retrieved 7 October 2012.
    http://www.foodsafety.govt.nz/policy-law/food-regulation/australia-nz-cooperation/
  180. "IVU Online News"
    http://www.ivu.org/news/online/2004-10.html
  181. "IBOPE 2018: 14% da população se declara vegetariana"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200814043014/https://www.ibopeinteligencia.com/noticias-e-pesquisas/14-da-populacao-se-declara-vegetariana/
  182. "Dia Mundial do Vegetarianismo: 8% da população brasileira afirma ser adepta do estilo"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20131224110633/http://www.ibope.com.br/pt-br/noticias/Paginas/Dia-Mundial-do-Vegetarianismo-8-da-populacao-brasileira-afirma-ser-adepta-ao-estilo.aspx
  183. ibopeinteligencia.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200814043014/https://www.ibopeinteligencia.com/noticias-e-pesquisas/14-da-populacao-se-declara-vegetariana/
  184. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/26/world/americas/brazil-vegetarian.html?referringSource=articleShare
  185. (in Portuguese) Vegetarianism: an ethical and philosophical position – interview with Marly Winkler Archived 28 January
    http://www.vegetarianismo.com.br/sitio/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1150&Itemid=99
  186. Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) (2004)
  187. Livestock's Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options
    http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a0701e/a0701e00.htm
  188. Causes of Deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon
    http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/02/02/000090341_20040202130625/Rendered/PDF/277150PAPER0wbwp0no1022.pdf
  189. Barreto, P.; Souza Jr. C.; Noguerón, R.; Anderson, A. & Salomão, R. 2006. Human Pressure on the Brazilian Amazon Forests
    http://www.imazon.org.br/publicacoes/publicacao.asp?id=357
  190. Happycow.net
    http://www.happycow.net/south_america/brazil/
  191. Appetite
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195666315300696
  192. LA NACION
    https://www.lanacion.com.ar/economia/comercio-exterior/los-productos-veganos-se-ganan-un-lugar-en-el-mercado-internacional-nid26122024/
Image
Source:
Tip: Wheel or +/− to zoom, drag to pan, Esc to close.