-
Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston, Ўзбекистон, .mw- .mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw- pronounced [ozbekiˈstɒn]; UK: /
-
Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi, Ўзбекистон Республикаси
-
Refworld
https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b4d328.html -
constitution.uz
http://constitution.uz/en -
Data.egov.uz
https://data.egov.uz/eng/data/6117a05996188a0f14ac917b?page=1 -
The Association of Religion Data Archives (the ARDA)
https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=236c -
constitution.uz
http://constitution.uz/en -
The Government Portal Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan
https://gov.uz/en/pages/territory -
"Uzbekistan"
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uzbekistan/#geography -
"Demographic situation in the Republic of Uzbekistan - 28/08/2025"
https://www.stat.uz/uz/59-foydali-ma-lumotlar/5859-o-zbekiston-aholisi-3 -
"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025"
https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april -
World Bank Group
https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/indicator/si-pov-gini -
"Human Development Report 2023/24"
https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf -
Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
-
Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary
-
"Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation". The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Li
-
Languages of the World
https://www.languagesoftheworld.info/language-families/uzbek-the-penguin-of-turkic-languages.html -
US Department of State, 2008 Country Report on Human Rights Practices in Uzbekistan Archived 21 April 2020 at the Waybac
https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/sca/119143.htm -
Forbes
https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2017/09/14/eurasias-new-perestroika-uzbekistan-silk-road-china/#670f09196f25 -
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/03/are-decades-of-political-repression-making-way-for-an-uzbek-spring -
Eurasia Review
https://www.eurasiareview.com/08122017-uzbekistan-a-quiet-revolution-taking-place-analysis/ -
CSRS En
http://csrskabul.com/en/blog/growing-ties-afghanistan-uzbekistan/ -
"Uzbekistan"
https://sdgs.un.org/basic-page/uzbekistan-24786 -
"Uzbekistan | Energy 2018"
https://www.globallegalinsights.com/practice-areas/energy-laws-and-regulations/uzbekistan -
"Uzbekistan Sovereign credit ratings - data, chart"
https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Uzbekistan/credit_rating/ -
Fitch Upgrades Uzbekistan to ‘BB’; Outlook Stable. Fitch Ratings. 26 June 2025. Retrieved 9 October 2025.
https://www.fitchratings.com/research/sovereigns/fitch-upgrades-uzbekistan-to-bb-outlook-stable-26-06-2025 -
Brookings
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2019/01/23/uzbekistans-star-appears-in-the-credit-rating-universe -
The Qazaq Khanate as Documented in Ming Dynasty Sources
-
A. H. Keane, A. Hingston Quiggin, A. C. Haddon, Man: Past and Present, p.312, Cambridge University Press, 2011, Google B
-
Uzbekistan: Golden Road to Samarkand
-
Lubin (1997), pp. 385–6.
-
History of civilizations of Central Asia
-
faculty.washington.edu
https://web.archive.org/web/20120118054002/https://faculty.washington.edu/modelski/CAWC.htm -
Lubin (1997), pp. 389–90.
-
Sicker, Martin (2000) The Islamic World in Ascendancy: From the Arab Conquests to the Siege of Vienna Archived 12 Septem
https://books.google.com/books?id=v3AdA-Ogl34C&pg=PA154 -
Totten, Samuel and Bartrop, Paul Robert (2008) Dictionary of Genocide: A-L Archived 18 October 2017 at the Wayback Machi
https://books.google.com/books?id=rgGA91skoP4C -
Forbes, Andrew, & Henley, David: Timur's Legacy: The Architecture of Samarkand Archived 24 May 2013 at the Wayback Machi
http://www.cpamedia.com/article.php?pg=archive&acid=120613150427&aiid=120613151433 -
Medical Links between India & Uzbekistan in Medieval Times by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, Historical and Cultural Links be
-
Time
https://web.archive.org/web/20110201110849/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,810930,00.html -
Shlapentokh, Vladimir; Sendich, Munir; Payin, Emil (1994) The New Russian Diaspora: Russian Minorities in the Former Sov
https://books.google.com/books?id=Bg-dn0g0SikC&pg=PA108 -
Chahryar Adle, Madhavan K. Palat, Anara Tabyshalieva (2005). "Towards the Contemporary Period: From the Mid-nineteenth t
https://books.google.com/books?id=XPfcfF8LRWQC -
Encyclopedia Britannica
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Islam-Karimov -
BBC News
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-37218158 -
TheGuardian.com
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/05/uzbekistan-elects-shavkat-mirziyoyev-president-islam-karimov -
www.aljazeera.com
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/25/uzbek-president-secures-second-term-in-landslide-election-victory -
eurasianet.org
https://eurasianet.org/uzbek-president-pledges-constitutional-reform -
"Countries of the world"
http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/populations/ctypopls.htm -
Uzbekistan will publish its own book of records – Ferghana.ru Archived 13 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. 18 July 2007.
http://enews.fergananews.com/article.php?id=2051 -
"The World's Two Double Landlocked Countries"
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/doubly-landlocked-countries.html -
"Landlocked Countries"
https://www.geographyrealm.com/landlocked-countries/ -
"Double Landlocked Countries"
https://www.howderfamily.com/blog/double-landlocked-countries/ -
The Daily Telegraph
https://web.archive.org/web/20100408214552/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/7554679/Aral-Sea-one-of-the-planets-worst-environmental-disasters.html -
Climate Archived 22 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Uzbekistan : Country Studies – Federal Research Division, Lib
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+uz0029) -
BioScience
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287 -
"Environment Archived 8 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine". In Glenn E. Curtis (Ed.), Uzbekistan: A Country Study Arc
http://countrystudies.us/uzbekistan/17.htm -
"Uzbekistan: Environmental disaster on a colossal scale"
https://web.archive.org/web/20070930020327/http://www.msf.org/msfinternational/invoke.cfm?objectid=6589D208-DC2C-11D4-B2010060084A6370&component=toolkit.article&method=full_html -
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/sustainable-fashion-blog/2014/oct/01/cotton-production-linked-to-images-of-the-dried-up-aral-sea-basin -
Aral Sea Crisis Environmental Justice Foundation Report Archived 7 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine
http://www.ejfoundation.org/page146.html -
Climate Risk Knowledge Management Platform for Central Asia, UNDP. Ca-crm.info. Retrieved on 29 November 2015.
https://web.archive.org/web/20150926101214/http://www.ca-crm.info/en/country-climate-risk-profiles/country-climate-risk-profile-uzbekistan -
IEA
https://www.iea.org/reports/uzbekistan-energy-profile -
The Free Library
https://www.thefreelibrary.com/UZBEKISTAN+-+Gas+Production+%26+Reserves.-a0123542903 -
"Country Facts (Uzbekistan)"
https://www.un.int/uzbekistan/uzbekistan/country-facts -
The Third Pole
https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/regional-cooperation/uzbekistan-dam-collapse/ -
YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xc52hgvr2QU -
Новости Узбекистана - Upl.uz
https://upl.uz/eco/58319-news.html -
BBC News
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-37310718 -
Anadolu Agency
https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/uzbekistan-president-mirziyoyev-takes-oath-of-office/706180 -
RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
https://www.rferl.org/a/uzbekistan-prime-minister-nominated/28171532.html -
BBC News
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-43582371 -
The Diplomat
https://thediplomat.com/2018/12/can-we-call-it-an-uzbek-spring-yet/ -
www.idea.int
https://www.idea.int/democracytracker/country/uzbekistan -
www.idea.int
https://www.idea.int/democracytracker/gsod-indices -
www.idea.int
https://www.idea.int/democracytracker/ -
"Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped?"
https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf -
Marquardt, Erich and Wolfe, Adam (17 October 2005) Rice Attempts to Secure US Influence in Central Asia Archived 3 May 2
http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/153/26246.html -
Brookings
https://www.brookings.edu/testimonies/contributions-of-central-asian-nations-to-the-campaign-against-terrorism/ -
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/aug/01/usa.nickpatonwalsh -
www.wto.org
https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news20_e/acc_uzb_07jul20_e.htm -
RSF
https://web.archive.org/web/20210417205008/https://rsf.org/en/news/surprise-unesco-award-president-karimov -
"International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights"
https://web.archive.org/web/20100129175624/http://www.ihf-hr.org/documents/doc_summary.php?sec_id=3&d_id=3860 -
OMCT and Legal Aid Society, Denial of justice in Uzbekistan – an assessment of the human rights situation and national s
http://www.omct.org/files/2005/07/2984/omctlas_uzb_report_04_05.pdf -
New Yorker
http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2013/01/tweets-from-gulnara-the-dictators-daughter.html -
World Report 2015: Uzbekistan | Human Rights Watch Archived 23 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Hrw.org. Retrieved on
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2015/country-chapters/uzbekistan -
Freedom House
https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/uzbekistan -
USINFO.STATE.GOV
https://web.archive.org/web/20070421032553/http://usinfo.state.gov/eur/Archive/2005/Sep/26-966275.html -
"Uzbekistan: Report Cites Evidence Of Government 'Massacre' In Andijon – Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty/Radio Liberty/Radio Liberty"
http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1059147.html -
"Uzbekistan: Independent international investigation needed into Andizhan events"
https://web.archive.org/web/20071012171720/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGEUR620152005?open&of=ENG-UZB -
CNN
http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/asiapcf/05/18/uzbekistan.unrest/ -
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
https://www.rferl.org/a/1058942.html -
www.aljazeera.com
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/5/20/annan-uzbekistan-rejects-inquiry -
osce.org
https://www.osce.org/cio/46541 -
"Press-service of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan"
https://web.archive.org/web/20080308115436/http://www.press-service.uz/en/gsection.scm?groupId=5203&contentId=8868 -
"Андижанские события стали поводом для беспрецедентного давления на Узбекистан"
http://www.kreml.org/interview/100931204 -
Newsweek
https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974 -
International Lesbian Gay Bisexual Trans and Intersex Association
https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report -
Findings – Walk Free Foundation – Global Slavery Index 2014 Archived 26 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Globalslav
http://www.globalslaveryindex.org/findings/ -
rferl.org
http://www.rferl.org/a/global-slavery-index-uzbekistan-pakistan-worst-offenders/27770928.html -
"Uzbekistan: Forced Labor Linked to World Bank"
https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/06/27/uzbekistan-forced-labor-linked-world-bank -
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
https://www.rferl.org/a/human-rights-watch-delegation-visit-uzbekistan/28629300.html -
"Shavkat Mirziyoyev meets UN High Commissioner for Human Rights"
http://tashkenttimes.uz/national/1451-shavkat-mirziyoyev-meets-un-high-commissioner-for-human-rights -
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
https://www.rferl.org/a/uzbekistan-exit-visa-scrapped-2019-mirziyoev/28680124.html -
"Uzbekistan Flirts With Disaster – Geopolitical Futures"
https://geopoliticalfutures.com/uzbekistan-flirts-disaster/ -
"Uzbekistan 2017/2018"
https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/europe-and-central-asia/uzbekistan/report-uzbekistan/ -
U.N. sees 'major progress' on forced labour in Uzbek cotton harvest Archived 25 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Reute
https://news.trust.org/item/20200205173450-nltm5/ -
"Hududlar kesimida 2024 yil boshiga doimiy aholi soni"
https://www.stat.uz/uz/matbuot-markazi/qo-mita-yangiliklar/49354-hududlar-kesimida-2024-yil-boshiga-doimiy-aholi-soni -
Statistics Agency of Uzbekistan
https://www.stat.uz/images/uploads/reliz2021/demografiya-press-reliz-27_01_2023-ang.pdf -
"Число постоянных жителей в Республики Каракалпакстан"
https://web.archive.org/web/20180818170634/https://data.gov.uz/ru/datasets/4948 -
"Демографическая ситуация в Ферганской области"
https://web.archive.org/web/20200924013337/https://data.gov.uz/ru/datasets/1657 -
"Численность населения Узбекистана по городам, 2018"
https://web.archive.org/web/20180311191639/http://www.poltavareview.com/?p=18105 -
"Численность населения Кашкадарьи"
http://www.stat.uz/upload/str2.jpg -
"Minerals Data Explorer - Our World in Data"
https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gold-production?tab=table -
Supply of Uranium Archived 9 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine. World Nuclear Association. August 2012.
http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf75.html -
Uranium resources Archived 22 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine. European Nuclear Society
http://www.euronuclear.org/info/encyclopedia/u/uranium-reserves.htm -
The World Mineral Statistics dataset: 100 years and counting Archived 20 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. British Ge
http://www.bgs.ac.uk/mineralsuk/statistics/worldStatistics.html -
Gazprom International
https://web.archive.org/web/20190421182440/http://www.gazprom-international.com/en/news-media/articles/new-head-nhc-uzbekneftegaz-appointed -
Invest in Uzbekistan
https://invest-in-uzbekistan.org/en/ekonomika/ -
"2020 Ease of Doing Business report"
https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/data/exploreeconomies/uzbekistan -
Imf
https://www.imf.org/en/Countries/UZB -
IMF World Economic Outlook Database Archived 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine, October 2007
http://www.imf.org/external/data.htm -
data.worldbank.org
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.KD.ZG?end=2019&locations=UZ&start=1988&view=chart -
World Bank
https://databank.worldbank.org/views/reports/reportwidget.aspx?Report_Name=CountryProfile&Id=b450fd57&tbar=y&dd=y&inf=n&zm=n&country=UZB -
"The National Cotton Council of America: Rankings"
http://www.cotton.org/econ/cropinfo/cropdata/rankings.cfm -
"Country Profile: Uzbekistan"
https://web.archive.org/web/20100827203828/http://www.irinnews.org/country.aspx?CountryCode=UZ&RegionCode=ASI -
"Demographic situation in the Republic of Uzbekistan"
https://stat.uz/en/435-analiticheskie-materialy-en1/2075-demographic-situation-in-the-republic-of-uzbekistan -
"Uzbekistan: Korean government uses Uzbek cotton to make banknotes"
https://web.archive.org/web/20131220192936/http://bs-agro.com/index.php/news/other-countries/23906-uzbekistan-korean-government-uses-uzbek-cotton-to-make-banknotes -
OCCRP
https://www.occrp.org/en/investigations/central-asian-cotton-powers-russias-sanctioned-gunpowder-plants -
"White and fluffy death. How Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan help Russians produce gunpowder"
https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/articles/2024/01/10/7436569/ -
"Порох, хлопок и принудительный труд. Кто поставляет сырье российским оружейным заводам?"
https://www.bbc.com/russian/articles/c51d7n1ze92o -
"Tesco Ethical Assessment Programme"
https://web.archive.org/web/20100706003257/http://www.ejfoundation.org/pdf/Uzbekistan_Cotton%20Tesco_letter_to_%20suppliers.pdf -
"C&A Code of Conduct for Uzbekistan"
https://web.archive.org/web/20100527204731/http://www.c-and-a.com/aboutUs/socialResponsibility/ -
"Central Asia: Child Labor Alive And Thriving"
https://web.archive.org/web/20110727184416/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1144612.html -
Пресс-служба Президента Республики Узбекистан
https://web.archive.org/web/20080922045122/http://2004.press-service.uz/rus/knigi/9tom/3tom_12.htm -
Vakulchuk, Roman and Indra Overland (2019) "China's Belt and Road Initiative through the Lens of Central Asia Archived 2
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329310641 -
The Diplomat
https://thediplomat.com/2025/02/uzbekistans-corruption-crackdown-progress-or-perpetual-crisis/ -
"New Report Paints Grim Picture of Uzbekistan"
https://archive.today/20090825223014/http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2006-02/New-Report-Paints-Grim-Picture-of-Uzbekistan.cfm?CFID=281017252&CFTOKEN=40626492&jsessionid=00308b85b39c112dba1e6241221e37211353 -
"Business Corruption in Uzbekistan"
http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/europe-central-asia/uzbekistan/business-corruption-in-uzbekistan.aspx -
"Uzbekistan: Economic Overview"
https://web.archive.org/web/20110511170759/http://www.eurasiacenter.org/Country%20reports/Central%20Asia/Uzbekistan%20Economic%20Highlights.doc -
2011 Investment Climate Statement – Uzbekistan Archived 21 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine. US Department of State, Ma
https://2009-2017.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2011/157382.htm -
"Press Release: The Republic of Uzbekistan Accepts Article VIII Obligations"
http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2003/pr03188.htm -
Uzbekistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs on IMF's role in economic stabilisation Archived 10 May 2011 at the Wayback Mac
http://mfa.uz/eng/inter_cooper/econ_org/Inter_MF/ -
"Asian Development Outlook 2005 – Uzbekistan"
https://web.archive.org/web/20101120065551/http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/ADO/2005/uzb.asp -
"Uzbekistan CPI 2003–2007"
http://www.indexmundi.com/uzbekistan/inflation_rate_(consumer_prices).html -
www.pwc.de
https://www.pwc.de/de/internationale-maerkte/assets/doing-business-in-usbekistan-2014.pdf -
Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/article/uzbekistan-autos-tax-idUSL8N2DH1L8 -
FOREIGN TRADE BARRIERS
https://web.archive.org/web/20080815015618/http://www.ustr.gov/assets/Document_Library/Reports_Publications/2004/2004_National_Trade_Estimate/2004_NTE_Report/asset_upload_file327_4803.pdf -
UNCTAD Division on Investment and Enterprise
http://investmentpolicyhub.unctad.org/IIA/CountryBits/226#iiaInnerMenu -
Tashkent Times
http://tashkenttimes.uz/finances/3050-uzbekistan-s-gold-and-foreign-exchange-reserves-at-us-25-49-billion -
www.tashkenttimes.uz
https://www.tashkenttimes.uz/national/12756-uzbek-it-sector-grows-to-2-1-to-gdp -
Forbes.ru
http://web.archive.org/web/20250819112952/https://www.forbes.ru/tekhnologii/543286-ocenka-pervogo-v-uzbekistane-edinoroga-uzum-vyrosla-do-1-5-mlrd -
"Uzbekistan"
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTRUSSIANHOME/EXTRUSSIANCOUNTRIES/ECAINRUSSIANEXT/EXTUZBEKISTANINRUS/0,,contentMDK:20546336~menuPK:1151287~pagePK:1497618~piPK:217854~theSitePK:1151265,00.html#contact -
"the World in 2050"
https://www.hsbc.com.mx/1/PA_esf-ca-app-content/content/home/empresas/archivos/world_2050.pdf -
WIPO
https://www.wipo.int/gii-ranking/en/uzbekistan -
Global Innovation Index 2025: Innovation at a Crossroads
https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2025/en/index.html -
"Uzbekistan population surpasses 36 million"
http://tashkenttimes.uz/national/10147-uzbekistan-population-surpasses-36-million -
"Data on the ethnic composition of the population of Uzbekistan 2021/08/20"
https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2021/08/20/ethnic-groups/ -
Cordell, Karl (1998) Ethnicity and Democratisation in the New Europe, Routledge, ISBN 0415173124, p. 201: "Consequently,
-
Jonson, Lena (1976) Tajikistan in the New Central Asia, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 085771726X, p. 108: "According to official Uzbe
-
Foltz (1996), pp. 213–6.
-
European Security
https://web.archive.org/web/20090505153156/http://www.cornellcaspian.com/pub/0010uzbekistan.htm -
World Jewish Population 2001
https://web.archive.org/web/20131206165604/http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/2001_13_WJP.pdf -
World Jewish Population 2007
https://web.archive.org/web/20090326020910/http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/AJYB727.CV.pdf -
Allworth, Edward (1994) Central Asia, 130 years of Russian dominance: a historical overview Archived 15 September 2015 a
https://books.google.com/books?id=X2XpddVB0l0C&pg=PA102 -
"The Russian Minority in Central Asia: Migration, Politics, and Language Archived 6 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine
http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/OP297.pdf -
The Russians are Still Leaving Uzbekistan For Kazakhstan Now Archived 11 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Journal o
http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/874/the-russians-are-still-leaving-uzbekistan-for-kazakhstan-now.html -
Journal of Refugee Studies
https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjrs%2F4.4.372 -
Eurasia Daily Monitor
https://jamestown.org/program/crimean-tatars-divide-ukraine-and-russia/ -
Greece overcomes its ancient history, finally Archived 25 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine. The Independent. 6 July
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/greece-overcomes-its-ancient-history-finally-552207.html -
World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Uzbekistan : Meskhetian Turks Archived 16 October 2012 at the Way
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,463af2212,488edfe22,49749c843c,0.html -
"Uzbekistan: Labor Migrants Looking Beyond Russia"
http://www.eurasianet.org/node/78701 -
Asia Briefing N°67
https://web.archive.org/web/20091111025921/http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=5027&l=1 -
"Uzbekistan Adult literacy rate, 1960-2021"
https://knoema.com/atlas/Uzbekistan/topics/Education/Literacy/Adult-literacy-rate?mode=amp -
BBC News
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-37260375 -
lex.uz
https://lex.uz/ru/docs/4766085 -
Газета.uz
https://www.gazeta.uz/en/2024/03/17/population-census/ -
"Constitution of Uzbekistan. Part II. Basic human and civil rights, freedoms and duties"
https://constitution.uz/en/clause/index#section7 -
"Uzbekistan"
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uzbekistan/ -
www.globalreligiousfutures.org
http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/uzbekistan/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010 -
"A Country Study: Uzbekistan"
https://web.archive.org/web/20130831195935/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/uztoc.html -
Zoroastrians.net
https://zoroastrians.net/2013/08/21/uzbekistan-zoroastrian-association-registered/ -
NST Online
https://www.nst.com.my/world/2019/05/491858/muslims-seek-voice-changing-uzbekistan -
Chicago Tribune
http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/editorials/ct-central-asia-islamic-state-edit-20170203-story.html -
Politico
http://www.politico.eu/article/uzbekistans-real-problem-is-not-terrorism-its-politics-aliyev-karimov/ -
Jewish Virtual Library
https://web.archive.org/web/20150712005324/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Uzbekistan.html -
The Jewish News of Northern California
https://www.jweekly.com/2002/09/20/bukharan-jews-now-in-queens-recreate-their-sukkot-memories/ -
Euro-Asian Jewish Congress Archived 24 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 29 December 2013)
http://eajc.org/page277 -
Anthony J. Liddicoat, "Uzbekistan", in Liddicoat and Andy Kirkpatrick, eds., The Routledge International Handbook of Lan
-
The New Woman in Uzbekistan: Islam, Modernity, and Unveiling Under Communism
https://books.google.com/books?id=XYZVvJSdLBkC&pg=PP14 -
Ziyonet
http://ziyonet.uz/ru -
FaceBook
https://www.facebook.com/Mirziyoyev -
President.uz
https://www.president.uz/ru -
"Бесправен, но востребован. Русский язык в Узбекистане"
http://mytashkent.uz/2015/04/27/bespraven-no-vostrebovan-russkij-yazyk-v-uzbekistane/ -
"Почему русский язык нужен узбекам?"
http://365info.kz/2015/09/russkij-yazyk-v-uzbekistane/ -
"Русский язык: жизнь после смерти. Язык, политика и общество в современном Узбекистане"
http://magazines.russ.ru/nz/2009/4/ab21.html -
"СТАТУС РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА В СТРАНАХ СНГ"
http://www.philology.ru/linguistics2/pyanov-11.htm -
"Uzbekistan's Russian-Language Conundrum"
https://web.archive.org/web/20101129214857/http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav091906.shtml -
The Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst
https://www.cacianalyst.org/publications/analytical-articles/item/13623-soft-or-hard-power?-russia-reacts-to-uzbekistans-draft-language-policy.html -
Vesti.uz
https://vesti.uz/russkij-yazyk-nam-ne-chuzhoj/ -
eurasianet.org
https://eurasianet.org/uzbekistan-a-second-coming-for-the-russian-language -
Uzbek Law Easing Rules On Citizenship Comes Into Force. September 15, 2020. Radio Free Europe.
https://www.rferl.org/a/uzbek-law-easing-rules-on-citizenship-comes-into-force/30839610.html -
Uzbekistan agency for Communication and Information (UzACI) [1] Archived 15 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine and UzDaily
http://www.aci.uz -
ITU
https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/statistics/2019/Mobile_cellular_2000-2018_Jun2019.xls -
TeleSonera AB acquires Coscom Archived 8 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine, UzDaily.com, 17 July 2007. Retrieved 18 Janua
http://www.uzdaily.com/articles-id-832.htm -
Kun.uz
https://kun.uz/en/news/2020/12/12/number-of-internet-users-in-uzbekistan-exceeds-221-million -
data.worldbank.org
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?locations=UZ -
Uzbekistan toughens Internet censorship. uznews.net (11 October 2012)
https://web.archive.org/web/20131224094142/http://www.uznews.net/news_single.php?lng=en&cid=30&nid=20980 -
BBC News
https://web.archive.org/web/20130821021943/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16218808 -
Tashkent Subway for Quick Travel to Hotels, Resorts, and Around the City! Archived 18 January 2012 at the Wayback Machin
http://www.tashkent.org/uzland/subway.html -
"Uzbekistan, General Motors sign strategic deal"
http://www.uzdaily.com/?c=118&a=1315 -
SamAuto supplies 100 buses to Samarkand firms Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, UZDaily.com. Japanese f
http://www.uzdaily.com/?c=118&a=1242 -
First high-speed electricity train carries out first trip from Samarkand and Tashkent, 27 August 2011 Archived 11 Januar
http://www.uzdaily.com/articles-id-15511.htm -
"Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the establishment of the national airline of Uzbekistan"
https://lex.uz/docs/148680?ONDATE2=28.01.1992&action=compare -
"Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States"
https://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=1 -
collection.cooperhewitt.org
https://collection.cooperhewitt.org/countries/23424980/ -
www.cbsnews.com
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-troops-leave-uzbekistan/ -
CBS News
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/uzbekistan-k2-karshi-khanabad-base-us-troops-radiation/ -
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
https://www.rferl.org/a/uzbekistan-csto-suspends-membership/24629244.html -
Time
https://time.com/5005629/new-york-attack-manhattan-saipov-uzbekistan/ -
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
https://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/ -
Human Rights Watch - Uzbekistan: 2020 Report
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/uzbekistan -
"Reporters Without Borders - Uzbekistan 2020"
https://rsf.org/en/uzbekistan -
Voices On Central Asia
https://voicesoncentralasia.org/shashmaqam-music-and-poetry-of-central-asia/ -
"Musical and Ontological Possibilities of Mugham Creativity in pre-Soviet, Soviet, and post-Soviet Azerbaijan"
https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/80818/3/Dessiatnitchenko_Polina_201711_PhD_thesis.pdf -
uis.unesco.org
http://uis.unesco.org/en/country/uz -
Kozlova, Marina (21 January 2008) Uzbekistan: Lessons in Graft Archived 8 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Chalkboard.t
http://chalkboard.tol.org/uzbekistan-lessons-in-graft -
uzdaily.uz
https://www.uzdaily.uz/ru/iunisef-prizyvaet-k-postoiannym-investitsiiam-v-inkliuzivnoe-i-kachestvennoe-obrazovanie-kak-na-doshkolnom-tak-i-na-shkolnom-urovne/ -
Yep.uz
https://yep.uz/en/2025/08/uzbekistan-independence-day-history-september-1/ -
Pilot Guides
https://www.pilotguides.com/articles/mutton-from-central-asia/ -
Crossroads of Cuisine: The Eurasian Heartland, the Silk Roads and Food
https://books.google.com/books?id=rizvDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA226 -
www.people-travels.com
https://www.people-travels.com/about-uzbekistan/uzbek-cuisine/uzbek-shurpa.html -
uzwifi.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184908/https://uzwifi.com/en/blog/10-most-popular-foods-you-have-to-eat-in-uzbekistan-2019 -
TeaMuse
https://www.teamuse.com/article_210402.html -
uzbek-travel.com
http://uzbek-travel.com/about-uzbekistan/facts/tea-traditions/ -
www.people-travels.com
https://www.people-travels.com/about-uzbekistan/uzbek-food/uzbek-sour-milk-dishes.html -
World Travel Guide
https://www.worldtravelguide.net/guides/asia/uzbekistan/ -
"Не только плов и голубые купола: чем впечатляет Узбекистан за | Perito"
https://perito-burrito.com/posts/ne-tolko-plov-i-golubye-kupola-chem-vpechatlyaet-uzbekistan-za-predelami-khivy-bukhary-i-samarkanda -
Alamy
https://www.alamy.com/players-of-uzbekistans-nasaf-fc-celebrate-their-winning-afc-cup-2011-final-soccer-match-against-al-kuwait-of-kuwait-in-karshi-october-29-2011-reuterstariq-alali-uzbekistan-tags-sport-soccer-image378277201.html -
the-AFC
https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-cup/latest/news/where-are-they-now-fc-nasaf-s-2011-afc-cup-winners -
premierleague.com
https://www.premierleague.com/news/4220864 -
"Le Tours archive"
https://web.archive.org/web/20120111162430/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/coureur/4976.html -
CyclingTips
https://cyclingtips.com/2014/05/where-are-they-now-djamolidine-abdoujaparov/ -
CNA
https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184235/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/topic/artur-taymazov -
Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-doping-wrestling-idUSKCN1UI2IW -
"IKA | International Kurash Association"
https://web.archive.org/web/20210715182439/http://kurash-ika.org/en/ -
sport-express.ru
https://www.sport-express.ru/olympics/summer/boxing/reviews/ -
Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-boxing-chagaev-idUSL1402374320070415 -
"Uzbekistan's new Olympic Light Flyweight Champion Hasanboy Dusmatov wins the Val Barker Trophy for the outstanding male boxer of Rio 2016"
http://www.aiba.org/blog/uzbekistans-new-olympic-light-flyweight-champion-hasanboy-dusmatov-wins-val-barker-trophy-outstanding-male-boxer-rio-2016/ -
"AIBA celebrates 70-year anniversary with Gala Dinner in the company of Boxing Legends"
http://www.aiba.org/blog/aiba-celebrates-70-year-anniversary-gala-dinner-company-boxing-legends/ -
www.the-sports.org
https://www.the-sports.org/ice-hockey-humo-tashkent-results-identity-equ83133.html -
"Bird of Happiness - a symbol of the HC HUMO"
http://uihf.uz/news#tab115 -
tashkenttimes.uz
https://tashkenttimes.uz/sports/3971-tashkent-based-humo-club-to-play-in-higher-hockey-league-in-2019-2020-season -
UzDaily.uz
https://www.uzdaily.uz/en/post/15786 -
UzDaily.uz
https://www.uzdaily.uz/en/post/14230 -
Chess.com
https://www.chess.com/players/rustam-kasimdzhanov -
Chess.com
https://www.chess.com/players/nodirbek-abdusattorov -
Fide.com
https://www.fide.com/news/1915 -
Olympics.com
https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/sydney-2000/results/canoe-sprint -
ESPN.com
https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/article/17211754/41-year-old-oksana-chusovitina-most-incredible-athlete-olympics -
Fifa.com
https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/futsalworldcup/uzbekistan-2024 -
"Uzbek"
https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/uz