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United States congressional apportionment

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United States congressional apportionment

United States congressional apportionment is the process by which seats in the United States House of Representatives are distributed among the 50 states according to the most recent decennial census mandated by the United States Constitution. After each state is guaranteed a minimum of one seat in the House, most states are then apportioned a number of additional seats which roughly corresponds to its share of the aggregate population of the 50 states. Every state is constitutionally guaranteed two seats in the Senate and at least one seat in the House, regardless of population. The U . House of Representatives' maximum number of seats has been limited to 435, capped at that number by the Reapportionment Act of 1929—except for a temporary (1959–1962) increase to 437 when Alaska and Hawaii were admitted into the Union. The Huntington–Hill method of equal proportions has been used to distribute the seats among the states since the 1940 census reapportionment. Federal law requires the clerk of the United States House of Representatives to notify each state government of the number of seats apportioned to the state no later than January 25 of the year immediately following each decennial census. The size of a state's total congressional delegation (which in addition to representative(s) includes 2 senators for each state) also determines the size of its representation in the U . Electoral College, which elects the U . president.

Tables

Representation in the House, historical · Number of members › Controversy and history
1793
1793
Starting yearY
1793
Source
1790 census
Avg. constituents per member
34,436
1803
1803
Starting yearY
1803
Source
1800 census
Avg. constituents per member
34,609
1813
1813
Starting yearY
1813
Source
1810 census
Avg. constituents per member
36,377
1823
1823
Starting yearY
1823
Source
1820 census
Avg. constituents per member
42,124
1833
1833
Starting yearY
1833
Source
1830 census
Avg. constituents per member
49,712
1843
1843
Starting yearY
1843
Source
1840 census
Avg. constituents per member
71,338
1853
1853
Starting yearY
1853
Source
1850 census
Avg. constituents per member
93,020
1863
1863
Starting yearY
1863
Source
1860 census
Avg. constituents per member
122,614
1873
1873
Starting yearY
1873
Source
1870 census
Avg. constituents per member
130,533
1883
1883
Starting yearY
1883
Source
1880 census
Avg. constituents per member
151,912
1893
1893
Starting yearY
1893
Source
1890 census
Avg. constituents per member
173,901
1903
1903
Starting yearY
1903
Source
1900 census
Avg. constituents per member
193,167
1913
1913
Starting yearY
1913
Source
1910 census
Avg. constituents per member
210,583
1923
1923
Starting yearY
1923
Source
1920 census
Avg. constituents per member
243,728
1933
1933
Starting yearY
1933
Source
1930 census
Avg. constituents per member
280,675
1943
1943
Starting yearY
1943
Source
1940 census
Avg. constituents per member
301,164
1953
1953
Starting yearY
1953
Source
1950 census
Avg. constituents per member
334,587
1963
1963
Starting yearY
1963
Source
1960 census
Avg. constituents per member
410,481
1973
1973
Starting yearY
1973
Source
1970 census
Avg. constituents per member
469,088
1983
1983
Starting yearY
1983
Source
1980 census
Avg. constituents per member
510,818
1993
1993
Starting yearY
1993
Source
1990 census
Avg. constituents per member
571,477
2003
2003
Starting yearY
2003
Source
2000 census
Avg. constituents per member
646,946
2013
2013
Starting yearY
2013
Source
2010 census
Avg. constituents per member
709,760
2023
2023
Starting yearY
2023
Source
2020 census
Avg. constituents per member
761,169
YElections are held the preceding year
YElections are held the preceding year
Starting yearY
YElections are held the preceding year
Starting yearY
Source
Avg. constituents per member
1793
1790 census
34,436
1803
1800 census
34,609
1813
1810 census
36,377
1823
1820 census
42,124
1833
1830 census
49,712
1843
1840 census
71,338
1853
1850 census
93,020
1863
1860 census
122,614
1873
1870 census
130,533
1883
1880 census
151,912
1893
1890 census
173,901
1903
1900 census
193,167
1913
1910 census
210,583
1923
1920 census
243,728
1933
1930 census
280,675
1943
1940 census
301,164
1953
1950 census
334,587
1963
1960 census
410,481
1973
1970 census
469,088
1983
1980 census
510,818
1993
1990 census
571,477
2003
2000 census
646,946
2013
2010 census
709,760
2023
2020 census
761,169
YElections are held the preceding year
Apportionment in the House of the US population, 2010–2019 · Apportionment methods
2019
2019
State
2019
Population percent
2010
Population percent
2019
House percent
2010
California
California
State
California
Population percent
12 %
Population percent
12 %
House percent
11 %
House percent
12 %
Texas
Texas
State
Texas
Population percent
8 %
Population percent
8 %
House percent
8 %
House percent
8 %
Florida
Florida
State
Florida
Population percent
6 %
Population percent
6 %
House percent
6 %
House percent
6 %
New York
New York
State
New York
Population percent
5 %
Population percent
6 %
House percent
5 %
House percent
6 %
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
State
Pennsylvania
Population percent
3 %
Population percent
4 %
House percent
3 %
House percent
4 %
Illinois
Illinois
State
Illinois
Population percent
3 %
Population percent
4 %
House percent
3 %
House percent
4 %
Ohio
Ohio
State
Ohio
Population percent
3 %
Population percent
3 %
House percent
3 %
House percent
3 %
Georgia
Georgia
State
Georgia
Population percent
3 %
Population percent
3 %
House percent
3 %
House percent
3 %
North Carolina
North Carolina
State
North Carolina
Population percent
3 %
Population percent
3 %
House percent
3 %
House percent
2 %
Michigan
Michigan
State
Michigan
Population percent
3 %
Population percent
3 %
House percent
2 %
House percent
3 %
New Jersey
New Jersey
State
New Jersey
Population percent
2 %
Population percent
2 %
House percent
2 %
House percent
2 %
Virginia
Virginia
State
Virginia
Population percent
2 %
Population percent
2 %
House percent
2 %
House percent
2 %
Washington
Washington
State
Washington
Population percent
2 %
Population percent
2 %
House percent
2 %
House percent
2 %
Arizona
Arizona
State
Arizona
Population percent
2 %
Population percent
2 %
House percent
2 %
House percent
2 %
Massachusetts
Massachusetts
State
Massachusetts
Population percent
2 %
Population percent
2 %
House percent
2 %
House percent
2 %
Tennessee
Tennessee
State
Tennessee
Population percent
2 %
Population percent
2 %
House percent
2 %
House percent
2 %
Indiana
Indiana
State
Indiana
Population percent
2 %
Population percent
2 %
House percent
2 %
House percent
2 %
Missouri
Missouri
State
Missouri
Population percent
1 %
Population percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
Maryland
Maryland
State
Maryland
Population percent
1 %
Population percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
Wisconsin
Wisconsin
State
Wisconsin
Population percent
1 %
Population percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
Colorado
Colorado
State
Colorado
Population percent
1 %
Population percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
Minnesota
Minnesota
State
Minnesota
Population percent
1 %
Population percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
South Carolina
South Carolina
State
South Carolina
Population percent
1 %
Population percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
Alabama
Alabama
State
Alabama
Population percent
1 %
Population percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
Louisiana
Louisiana
State
Louisiana
Population percent
1 %
Population percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
Kentucky
Kentucky
State
Kentucky
Population percent
1 %
Population percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
Oregon
Oregon
State
Oregon
Population percent
1 %
Population percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
Oklahoma
Oklahoma
State
Oklahoma
Population percent
1 %
Population percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
Connecticut
Connecticut
State
Connecticut
Population percent
1 %
Population percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
House percent
1 %
Utah
Utah
State
Utah
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
Iowa
Iowa
State
Iowa
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
Nevada
Nevada
State
Nevada
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
Arkansas
Arkansas
State
Arkansas
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
Mississippi
Mississippi
State
Mississippi
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
Kansas
Kansas
State
Kansas
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
New Mexico
New Mexico
State
New Mexico
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
Nebraska
Nebraska
State
Nebraska
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
West Virginia
West Virginia
State
West Virginia
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
Idaho
Idaho
State
Idaho
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
Hawaii
Hawaii
State
Hawaii
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
State
New Hampshire
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
Maine
Maine
State
Maine
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
Montana
Montana
State
Montana
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
Rhode Island
Rhode Island
State
Rhode Island
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
Delaware
Delaware
State
Delaware
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
South Dakota
South Dakota
State
South Dakota
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
North Dakota
North Dakota
State
North Dakota
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
Alaska
Alaska
State
Alaska
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
Vermont
Vermont
State
Vermont
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
Wyoming
Wyoming
State
Wyoming
Population percent
0 %
Population percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
House percent
0 %
2019 numbers are calculations from estimated population data
2019 numbers are calculations from estimated population data
State
2019 numbers are calculations from estimated population data
State
Population percent
House percent
2019
2010
2019
2010
California
12 %
12 %
11 %
12 %
Texas
8 %
8 %
8 %
8 %
Florida
6 %
6 %
6 %
6 %
New York
5 %
6 %
5 %
6 %
Pennsylvania
3 %
4 %
3 %
4 %
Illinois
3 %
4 %
3 %
4 %
Ohio
3 %
3 %
3 %
3 %
Georgia
3 %
3 %
3 %
3 %
North Carolina
3 %
3 %
3 %
2 %
Michigan
3 %
3 %
2 %
3 %
New Jersey
2 %
2 %
2 %
2 %
Virginia
2 %
2 %
2 %
2 %
Washington
2 %
2 %
2 %
2 %
Arizona
2 %
2 %
2 %
2 %
Massachusetts
2 %
2 %
2 %
2 %
Tennessee
2 %
2 %
2 %
2 %
Indiana
2 %
2 %
2 %
2 %
Missouri
1 %
1 %
1 %
1 %
Maryland
1 %
1 %
1 %
1 %
Wisconsin
1 %
1 %
1 %
1 %
Colorado
1 %
1 %
1 %
1 %
Minnesota
1 %
1 %
1 %
1 %
South Carolina
1 %
1 %
1 %
1 %
Alabama
1 %
1 %
1 %
1 %
Louisiana
1 %
1 %
1 %
1 %
Kentucky
1 %
1 %
1 %
1 %
Oregon
1 %
1 %
1 %
1 %
Oklahoma
1 %
1 %
1 %
1 %
Connecticut
1 %
1 %
1 %
1 %
Utah
0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
Iowa
0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
Nevada
0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
Arkansas
0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
Mississippi
0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
Kansas
0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
New Mexico
0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
Nebraska
0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
West Virginia
0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
Idaho
0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
Hawaii
0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
New Hampshire
0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
Maine
0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
Montana
0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
Rhode Island
0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
Delaware
0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
South Dakota
0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
North Dakota
0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
Alaska
0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
· Past apportionments
Year
Year
State­hood order
Year
Census
1789
Const.
1790
1st
1800
2nd
1810
3rd
1820
4th
1830
5th
1840
6th
1850
7th
1860
8th
1870
9th
1880
Effected
Effected
State­hood order
Effected
Census
1789
Const.
1793
1st
1803
2nd
1813
3rd
1823
4th
1833
5th
1843
6th
1853
7th
1863
8th
1873
9th
1883
Size
Size
State­hood order
Size
Census
65
Const.
105
1st
142
2nd
182
3rd
213
4th
240
5th
223
6th
234
7th
241
8th
292
9th
325
State
State
State­hood order
State
22
22
State­hood order
22
Census
AL
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
3
5th
5
6th
7
7th
7
8th
6
9th
8
49
49
State­hood order
49
Census
AK
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
–
8th
–
9th
–
48
48
State­hood order
48
Census
AZ
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
–
8th
–
9th
–
25
25
State­hood order
25
Census
AR
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
1
7th
2
8th
3
9th
4
31
31
State­hood order
31
Census
CA
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
2
8th
3
9th
4
38
38
State­hood order
38
Census
CO
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
–
8th
–
9th
–
5
5
State­hood order
5
Census
CT
Const.
5
1st
7
2nd
7
3rd
7
4th
6
5th
6
6th
4
7th
4
8th
4
9th
4
1
1
State­hood order
1
Census
DE
Const.
1
1st
1
2nd
1
3rd
2
4th
1
5th
1
6th
1
7th
1
8th
1
9th
1
27
27
State­hood order
27
Census
FL
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
1
8th
1
9th
2
4
4
State­hood order
4
Census
GA
Const.
3
1st
2
2nd
4
3rd
6
4th
7
5th
9
6th
8
7th
8
8th
7
9th
9
50
50
State­hood order
50
Census
HI
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
–
8th
–
9th
–
43
43
State­hood order
43
Census
ID
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
–
8th
–
9th
–
21
21
State­hood order
21
Census
IL
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
1
5th
3
6th
7
7th
9
8th
14
9th
19
19
19
State­hood order
19
Census
IN
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
3
5th
7
6th
10
7th
11
8th
11
9th
13
29
29
State­hood order
29
Census
IA
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
2
8th
6
9th
9
34
34
State­hood order
34
Census
KS
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
–
8th
1
9th
3
15
15
State­hood order
15
Census
KY
Const.
–
1st
2
2nd
6
3rd
10
4th
12
5th
13
6th
10
7th
10
8th
9
9th
10
18
18
State­hood order
18
Census
LA
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
1
4th
3
5th
3
6th
4
7th
4
8th
5
9th
6
23
23
State­hood order
23
Census
ME
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
7
5th
8
6th
7
7th
6
8th
5
9th
5
7
7
State­hood order
7
Census
MD
Const.
6
1st
8
2nd
9
3rd
9
4th
9
5th
8
6th
6
7th
6
8th
5
9th
6
6
6
State­hood order
6
Census
MA
Const.
8
1st
14
2nd
17
3rd
20
4th
13
5th
12
6th
10
7th
11
8th
10
9th
11
26
26
State­hood order
26
Census
MI
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
3
7th
4
8th
6
9th
9
32
32
State­hood order
32
Census
MN
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
–
8th
2
9th
3
20
20
State­hood order
20
Census
MS
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
1
5th
2
6th
4
7th
5
8th
5
9th
6
24
24
State­hood order
24
Census
MO
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
1
5th
2
6th
5
7th
7
8th
9
9th
13
41
41
State­hood order
41
Census
MT
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
–
8th
–
9th
–
37
37
State­hood order
37
Census
NE
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
–
8th
–
9th
1
36
36
State­hood order
36
Census
NV
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
–
8th
–
9th
1
9
9
State­hood order
9
Census
NH
Const.
3
1st
4
2nd
5
3rd
6
4th
6
5th
5
6th
4
7th
3
8th
3
9th
3
3
3
State­hood order
3
Census
NJ
Const.
4
1st
5
2nd
6
3rd
6
4th
6
5th
6
6th
5
7th
5
8th
5
9th
7
47
47
State­hood order
47
Census
NM
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
–
8th
–
9th
–
11
11
State­hood order
11
Census
NY
Const.
6
1st
10
2nd
17
3rd
27
4th
34
5th
40
6th
34
7th
33
8th
31
9th
33
12
12
State­hood order
12
Census
NC
Const.
5
1st
10
2nd
12
3rd
13
4th
13
5th
13
6th
9
7th
8
8th
7
9th
8
39
39
State­hood order
39
Census
ND
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
–
8th
–
9th
–
17
17
State­hood order
17
Census
OH
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
1
3rd
6
4th
14
5th
19
6th
21
7th
21
8th
19
9th
20
46
46
State­hood order
46
Census
OK
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
–
8th
–
9th
–
33
33
State­hood order
33
Census
OR
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
–
8th
1
9th
1
2
2
State­hood order
2
Census
PA
Const.
8
1st
13
2nd
18
3rd
23
4th
26
5th
28
6th
24
7th
25
8th
24
9th
27
13
13
State­hood order
13
Census
RI
Const.
1
1st
2
2nd
2
3rd
2
4th
2
5th
2
6th
2
7th
2
8th
2
9th
2
8
8
State­hood order
8
Census
SC
Const.
5
1st
6
2nd
8
3rd
9
4th
9
5th
9
6th
7
7th
6
8th
4
9th
5
40
40
State­hood order
40
Census
SD
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
–
8th
–
9th
–
16
16
State­hood order
16
Census
TN
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
3
3rd
6
4th
9
5th
13
6th
11
7th
10
8th
8
9th
10
28
28
State­hood order
28
Census
TX
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
2
8th
4
9th
6
45
45
State­hood order
45
Census
UT
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
–
8th
–
9th
–
14
14
State­hood order
14
Census
VT
Const.
–
1st
2
2nd
4
3rd
6
4th
5
5th
5
6th
4
7th
3
8th
3
9th
3
10
10
State­hood order
10
Census
VA
Const.
10
1st
19
2nd
22
3rd
23
4th
22
5th
21
6th
15
7th
13
8th
11
9th
9
42
42
State­hood order
42
Census
WA
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
–
8th
–
9th
–
35
35
State­hood order
35
Census
WV
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
–
8th
–
9th
3
30
30
State­hood order
30
Census
WI
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
3
8th
6
9th
8
44
44
State­hood order
44
Census
WY
Const.
–
1st
–
2nd
–
3rd
–
4th
–
5th
–
6th
–
7th
–
8th
–
9th
–
State­hood order
Census
Const.
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
Year
1789
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
Effected
1789
1793
1803
1813
1823
1833
1843
1853
1863
1873
1883
Size
65
105
142
182
213
240
223
234
241
292
325
State
22
AL
–
–
–
–
3
5
7
7
6
8
49
AK
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
48
AZ
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
25
AR
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
2
3
4
31
CA
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
3
4
38
CO
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5
CT
5
7
7
7
6
6
4
4
4
4
1
DE
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
27
FL
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
2
4
GA
3
2
4
6
7
9
8
8
7
9
50
HI
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
43
ID
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
21
IL
–
–
–
–
1
3
7
9
14
19
19
IN
–
–
–
–
3
7
10
11
11
13
29
IA
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
6
9
34
KS
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
3
15
KY
–
2
6
10
12
13
10
10
9
10
18
LA
–
–
–
1
3
3
4
4
5
6
23
ME
–
–
–
–
7
8
7
6
5
5
7
MD
6
8
9
9
9
8
6
6
5
6
6
MA
8
14
17
20
13
12
10
11
10
11
26
MI
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
4
6
9
32
MN
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
3
20
MS
–
–
–
–
1
2
4
5
5
6
24
MO
–
–
–
–
1
2
5
7
9
13
41
MT
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
37
NE
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
36
NV
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
9
NH
3
4
5
6
6
5
4
3
3
3
3
NJ
4
5
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
7
47
NM
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11
NY
6
10
17
27
34
40
34
33
31
33
12
NC
5
10
12
13
13
13
9
8
7
8
39
ND
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
17
OH
–
–
1
6
14
19
21
21
19
20
46
OK
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
33
OR
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
2
PA
8
13
18
23
26
28
24
25
24
27
13
RI
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
8
SC
5
6
8
9
9
9
7
6
4
5
40
SD
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
16
TN
–
–
3
6
9
13
11
10
8
10
28
TX
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
4
6
45
UT
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
14
VT
–
2
4
6
5
5
4
3
3
3
· Changes per census › 2010
1. Texas
1. Texas
Gain four
1. Texas
Gain two
1. Florida
Gain one
1. Arizona 2. Georgia 3. Nevada 4. South Carolina 5. Utah 6. Washington
No change
(32 states)
Lose one
1. Illinois 2. Iowa 3. Louisiana 4. Massachusetts 5. Michigan 6. Missouri 7. New Jersey 8. Pennsylvania
Lose two
1. New York 2. Ohio
+4
+4
Gain four
+4
Gain two
+2
Gain one
+6
Lose one
−8
Lose two
−4
+12 seats gained total
+12 seats gained total
Gain four
+12 seats gained total
Gain one
−12 seats lost total
Allocation of congressional districts after the 2010 U . census
Allocation of congressional districts after the 2010 U . census
Gain four
Allocation of congressional districts after the 2010 U . census
Gain four
Gain two
Gain one
No change
Lose one
Lose two
1. Texas
1. Florida
1. Arizona 2. Georgia 3. Nevada 4. South Carolina 5. Utah 6. Washington
(32 states)
1. Illinois 2. Iowa 3. Louisiana 4. Massachusetts 5. Michigan 6. Missouri 7. New Jersey 8. Pennsylvania
1. New York 2. Ohio
+4
+2
+6
−8
−4
+12 seats gained total
−12 seats lost total
Allocation of congressional districts after the 2010 U . census
· Changes per census › 2020
1. Texas
1. Texas
Gain two
1. Texas
Gain one
1. Colorado 2. Florida 3. Montana 4. North Carolina 5. Oregon
No change
(37 states)
Lose one
1. California 2. Illinois 3. Michigan 4. New York 5. Ohio 6. Pennsylvania 7. West Virginia
+2
+2
Gain two
+2
Gain one
+5
Lose one
−7
+7 seats gained total
+7 seats gained total
Gain two
+7 seats gained total
No change
−7 seats lost total
Gain two
Gain one
No change
Lose one
1. Texas
1. Colorado 2. Florida 3. Montana 4. North Carolina 5. Oregon
(37 states)
1. California 2. Illinois 3. Michigan 4. New York 5. Ohio 6. Pennsylvania 7. West Virginia
+2
+5
−7
+7 seats gained total
−7 seats lost total
Allocation of congressional districts in the House of Representatives after the 2020 U . census

References

  1. 2019 numbers are calculations from estimated population data
  2. Congress failed to pass any reapportionment to implement the 1920 United States census so despite population shift, dist
  3. The 1850 Apportionment bill provided a method to be used in future reapportionments, as well as establishing the then-cu
  4. Congress failed to reapportion in 1923, following the fourteenth census (1920).
  5. Pub. L. 77–291 amended section 22 of the Reapportionment Act of 1929 by wholly replacing its text.
    https://uslaw.link/citation/us-law/public/77/291
  6. The Reapportionment Act of 1929 stated that the "then existing number of Representatives" would be apportioned after eac
    https://legislink.org/us/stat-37-13
  7. "Congressional Apportionment (2010 Census Briefs C2010BR-08)"
    https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-08.pdf
  8. The populations of Washington, D . and federal territories are not included in this figure.
  9. Public Law 62-5 of 1911.
  10. "The History of Apportionment in America"
    http://www.ams.org/featurecolumn/archive/apportion2.html
  11. U . art , §
  12. Balinski, M., & Young, H. (1983). Apportioning the United States House of Representatives. Interfaces, 13(4), 35–43.
  13. Kohler, U., & Zeh, J. (2012). Apportionment methods. The Stata Journal, 12(3), 375–392. doi: https://journals /doi/pdf/1
    https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1536867X12012003032
  14. www
    https://www.maa.org/press/periodicals/convergence/apportioning-representatives-in-the-united-states-congress-hills-method-of-apportionment
  15. Balinski, M., & Young, H. (2002). Fair Representation: Meeting the Ideal of One Man, One Vote (2nd ed.). Washington: Bro
  16. Handley, L., & Grofman, B. (2014). Redistricting in comparative perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  17. Rendered moot by the Revenue Act of 1924 and Indian Citizenship Act of 1924.
  18. Congressional Research Service
    https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R41636
  19. 2 U . § 2c
    https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/2/2c
  20. Bush signs federalization bill Archived February 13, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Agnes E. Donato, Saipan Tribune, May
    http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?cat=1&newsID=79834
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