| No. | Portrait | Name | State | Start | End | President(s) |
| 1 | | Benjamin Stoddert | Maryland | 18 June 1798 | 31 March 1801 | | John Adams(1797–1801) |
| | Thomas Jefferson(1801–1809) |
| 2 | | Robert Smith | Maryland | 27 July 1801 | 4 March 1809 |
| 3 | | Paul Hamilton | South Carolina | 15 May 1809 | 31 December 1812 | | James Madison(1809–1817) |
| 4 | | William Jones | Pennsylvania | 19 January 1813 | 1 December 1814 |
| 5 | | Benjamin Crowninshield | Massachusetts | 16 January 1815 | 30 September 1818 |
| | James Monroe(1817–1825) |
| 6 | | Smith Thompson | New York | 1 January 1819 | 31 August 1823 |
| 7 | | Samuel L. Southard | New Jersey | 16 September 1823 | 4 March 1829 |
| | John Quincy Adams(1825–1829) |
| 8 | | John Branch | North Carolina | 9 March 1829 | 12 May 1831 | | Andrew Jackson(1829–1837) |
| 9 | | Levi Woodbury | New Hampshire | 23 May 1831 | 30 June 1834 |
| 10 | | Mahlon Dickerson | New Jersey | 1 July 1834 | 30 June 1838 |
| | Martin Van Buren(1837–1841) |
| 11 | | James K. Paulding | New York | 1 July 1838 | 4 March 1841 |
| 12 | | George E. Badger | North Carolina | 6 March 1841 | 11 September 1841 | | William Henry Harrison(1841) |
| | John Tyler(1841–1845) |
| 13 | | Abel P. Upshur | Virginia | 11 October 1841 | 23 July 1843 |
| 14 | | David Henshaw | Massachusetts | 24 July 1843 | 18 February 1844 |
| 15 | | Thomas W. Gilmer | Virginia | 19 February 1844 | 28 February 1844 |
| 16 | | John Y. Mason | Virginia | 26 March 1844 | 4 March 1845 |
| 17 | | George Bancroft | Massachusetts | 11 March 1845 | 9 September 1846 | | James K. Polk(1845–1849) |
| 18 | | John Y. Mason | Virginia | 10 September 1846 | 4 March 1849 |
| 19 | | William B. Preston | Virginia | 8 March 1849 | 22 July 1850 | | Zachary Taylor(1849–1850) |
| 20 | | William Graham | North Carolina | 2 August 1850 | 25 July 1852 | | Millard Fillmore(1850–1853) |
| 21 | | John P. Kennedy | Maryland | 26 July 1852 | 4 March 1853 |
| 22 | | James C. Dobbin | North Carolina | 8 March 1853 | 4 March 1857 | | Franklin Pierce(1853–1857) |
| 23 | | Isaac Toucey | Connecticut | 7 March 1857 | 4 March 1861 | | James Buchanan(1857–1861) |
| 24 | | Gideon Welles | Connecticut | 7 March 1861 | 4 March 1869 | | Abraham Lincoln(1861–1865) |
| | Andrew Johnson(1865–1869) |
| 25 | | Adolph E. Borie | Pennsylvania | 9 March 1869 | 25 June 1869 | | Ulysses S. Grant(1869–1877) |
| 26 | | George M. Robeson | New Jersey | 26 June 1869 | 4 March 1877 |
| Acting | | William Faxon | | 4 March 1877 | 13 March 1877 | | Rutherford B. Hayes(1877–1881) |
| 27 | | Richard W. Thompson | Indiana | 13 March 1877 | 20 December 1880 |
| 28 | | Nathan Goff Jr. | West Virginia | 7 January 1881 | 4 March 1881 |
| 29 | | William H. Hunt | Louisiana | 7 March 1881 | 16 April 1882 | | James A. Garfield(1881) |
| | Chester A. Arthur(1881–1885) |
| 30 | | William E. Chandler | New Hampshire | 16 April 1882 | 4 March 1885 |
| 31 | | William C. Whitney | New York | 7 March 1885 | 4 March 1889 | | Grover Cleveland(1885–1889) |
| 32 | | Benjamin F. Tracy | New York | 6 March 1889 | 4 March 1893 | | Benjamin Harrison(1889–1893) |
| 33 | | Hilary A. Herbert | Alabama | 7 March 1893 | 4 March 1897 | | Grover Cleveland(1893–1897) |
| 34 | | John Davis Long | Massachusetts | 6 March 1897 | 30 April 1902 | | William McKinley(1897–1901) |
| | Theodore Roosevelt(1901–1909) |
| 35 | | William Moody | Massachusetts | 1 May 1902 | 30 June 1904 |
| 36 | | Paul Morton | Illinois | 1 July 1904 | 30 June 1905 |
| 37 | | Charles Bonaparte | Maryland | 1 July 1905 | 16 December 1906 |
| 38 | | Victor H. Metcalf | California | 17 December 1906 | 30 November 1908 |
| 39 | | Truman Handy Newberry | Michigan | 1 December 1908 | 4 March 1909 |
| 40 | | George von Lengerke Meyer | Massachusetts | 6 March 1909 | 4 March 1913 | | William Howard Taft(1909–1913) |