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United Nations

Updated: Wikipedia source

United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is a global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the articulated mission of maintaining international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among states, to promote international cooperation, and to serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of states in achieving those goals. The United Nations headquarters is located in New York City, with several other offices located in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna, and The Hague. The UN comprises six principal organizations: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, the Secretariat, and the Trusteeship Council which, together with several specialized agencies and related agencies, make up the United Nations System. There are in total 193 member states and 2 observer states. The UN has primarily focused on economic and social development, particularly during the wave of decolonization in the mid-20th century. The UN has been recognized as a leader of peace and human development, with many officers and agencies having been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, but has also been criticized for perceived ineffectiveness, bias, and corruption.

Infobox

United Nations Arabic:منظمة الأمم المتحدةChinese:联合国French:Organisation des Nations uniesRussian:Организация Объединённых НацийSpanish:Organización de las Naciones Unidas
منظمة الأمم المتحدة
Arabic:
منظمة الأمم المتحدة
Chinese:
联合国
French:
Organisation des Nations unies
Russian:
Организация Объединённых Наций
Spanish:
Organización de las Naciones Unidas
Headquarters
760 United Nations Plaza, Manhattan, New York City (international zone)
Official languages
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Official script
ArabicCyrillicLatinSimplified Chinese
Type
Intergovernmental organization
Membership
193 member states2 observer states[a]
• Secretary‑General
António Guterres
• Deputy Secretary-General
Amina J. Mohammed
• General Assembly President
Annalena Baerbock
• Economic and Social Council President
Bob Rae
• UN Charter signed
26 June 1945 (80 years ago) (1945-06-26)
• Charter entered into force
24 October 1945 (80 years ago) (1945-10-24)

Tables

Secretaries-general of the United Nations[122] · Structure › UN Secretariat
Gladwyn Jebb
Gladwyn Jebb
No.
Name
Gladwyn Jebb
Country of origin
United Kingdom
Took office
24 October 1945
Left office
2 February 1946
Notes
Served as acting secretary-general until Lie's election
Trygve Lie
Trygve Lie
No.
1
Name
Trygve Lie
Country of origin
Norway
Took office
2 February 1946
Left office
10 November 1952
Notes
Resigned
Dag Hammarskjöld
Dag Hammarskjöld
No.
2
Name
Dag Hammarskjöld
Country of origin
Sweden
Took office
10 April 1953
Left office
18 September 1961
Notes
Died in office
U Thant
U Thant
No.
3
Name
U Thant
Country of origin
Burma
Took office
30 November 1961
Left office
31 December 1971
Notes
First non-European to hold office
Kurt Waldheim
Kurt Waldheim
No.
4
Name
Kurt Waldheim
Country of origin
Austria
Took office
1 January 1972
Left office
31 December 1981
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
No.
5
Name
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
Country of origin
Peru
Took office
1 January 1982
Left office
31 December 1991
Boutros Boutros-Ghali
Boutros Boutros-Ghali
No.
6
Name
Boutros Boutros-Ghali
Country of origin
Egypt
Took office
1 January 1992
Left office
31 December 1996
Notes
Served for the shortest time
Kofi Annan
Kofi Annan
No.
7
Name
Kofi Annan
Country of origin
Ghana
Took office
1 January 1997
Left office
31 December 2006
Ban Ki-moon
Ban Ki-moon
No.
8
Name
Ban Ki-moon
Country of origin
South Korea
Took office
1 January 2007
Left office
31 December 2016
António Guterres
António Guterres
No.
9
Name
António Guterres
Country of origin
Portugal
Took office
1 January 2017
Left office
Incumbent
No.
Name
Country of origin
Took office
Left office
Notes
Gladwyn Jebb
United Kingdom
24 October 1945
2 February 1946
Served as acting secretary-general until Lie's election
1
Trygve Lie
Norway
2 February 1946
10 November 1952
Resigned
2
Dag Hammarskjöld
Sweden
10 April 1953
18 September 1961
Died in office
3
U Thant
Burma
30 November 1961
31 December 1971
First non-European to hold office
4
Kurt Waldheim
Austria
1 January 1972
31 December 1981
5
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
Peru
1 January 1982
31 December 1991
6
Boutros Boutros-Ghali
Egypt
1 January 1992
31 December 1996
Served for the shortest time
7
Kofi Annan
Ghana
1 January 1997
31 December 2006
8
Ban Ki-moon
South Korea
1 January 2007
31 December 2016
9
António Guterres
Portugal
1 January 2017
Incumbent
Specialized agencies of the United Nations · Structure › Specialized agencies
1
1
No.
1
Acronym
FAO
Agency
Food and Agriculture Organization
Headquarters
Rome, Italy
Head
Qu Dongyu
Established
1945
2
2
No.
2
Acronym
ICAO
Agency
International Civil Aviation Organization
Headquarters
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Head
Juan Carlos Salazar
Established
1947
3
3
No.
3
Acronym
IFAD
Agency
International Fund for Agricultural Development
Headquarters
Rome, Italy
Head
Alvaro Lario
Established
1977
4
4
No.
4
Acronym
ILO
Agency
International Labour Organization
Headquarters
Geneva, Switzerland
Head
Gilbert Houngbo
Established
1946 (1919)
5
5
No.
5
Acronym
IMO
Agency
International Maritime Organization
Headquarters
London, United Kingdom
Head
Arsenio Dominguez
Established
1948
6
6
No.
6
Acronym
IMF
Agency
International Monetary Fund
Headquarters
Washington, D.C., United States
Head
Kristalina Georgieva
Established
1945 (1944)
7
7
No.
7
Acronym
ITU
Agency
International Telecommunication Union
Headquarters
Geneva, Switzerland
Head
Doreen Bogdan-Martin
Established
1947 (1865)
8
8
No.
8
Acronym
UNESCO
Agency
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Headquarters
Paris, France
Head
Audrey Azoulay
Established
1945
9
9
No.
9
Acronym
UNIDO
Agency
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
Headquarters
Vienna, Austria
Head
Gerd Müller
Established
1967
10
10
No.
10
Acronym
UNWTO
Agency
World Tourism Organization
Headquarters
Madrid, Spain
Head
Zurab Pololikashvili
Established
1974
11
11
No.
11
Acronym
UPU
Agency
Universal Postal Union
Headquarters
Bern, Switzerland
Head
Masahiko Metoki
Established
1947 (1874)
12
12
No.
12
Acronym
WBG
Agency
World Bank Group
Headquarters
Washington, D.C., United States
Head
Ajay Banga (president)
Established
1945 (1944)
13
13
No.
13
Acronym
WHO
Agency
World Health Organization
Headquarters
Geneva, Switzerland
Head
Tedros Adhanom
Established
1948
14
14
No.
14
Acronym
WIPO
Agency
World Intellectual Property Organization
Headquarters
Geneva, Switzerland
Head
Daren Tang
Established
1974
15
15
No.
15
Acronym
WMO
Agency
World Meteorological Organization
Headquarters
Geneva, Switzerland
Head
Celeste Saulo (secretary-general) Abdulla Al Mandous (president)
Established
1950 (1873)
No.
Acronym
Agency
Headquarters
Head
Established
1
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization
Rome, Italy
Qu Dongyu
1945
2
ICAO
International Civil Aviation Organization
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Juan Carlos Salazar
1947
3
IFAD
International Fund for Agricultural Development
Rome, Italy
Alvaro Lario
1977
4
ILO
International Labour Organization
Geneva, Switzerland
Gilbert Houngbo
1946 (1919)
5
IMO
International Maritime Organization
London, United Kingdom
Arsenio Dominguez
1948
6
IMF
International Monetary Fund
Washington, D.C., United States
Kristalina Georgieva
1945 (1944)
7
ITU
International Telecommunication Union
Geneva, Switzerland
Doreen Bogdan-Martin
1947 (1865)
8
UNESCO
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Paris, France
Audrey Azoulay
1945
9
UNIDO
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
Vienna, Austria
Gerd Müller
1967
10
UNWTO
World Tourism Organization
Madrid, Spain
Zurab Pololikashvili
1974
11
UPU
Universal Postal Union
Bern, Switzerland
Masahiko Metoki
1947 (1874)
12
WBG
World Bank Group
Washington, D.C., United States
Ajay Banga (president)
1945 (1944)
13
WHO
World Health Organization
Geneva, Switzerland
Tedros Adhanom
1948
14
WIPO
World Intellectual Property Organization
Geneva, Switzerland
Daren Tang
1974
15
WMO
World Meteorological Organization
Geneva, Switzerland
Celeste Saulo (secretary-general) Abdulla Al Mandous (president)
1950 (1873)
Programmes and funds of the United Nations · Structure › Funds, programmes, and other bodies
UNDP
UNDP
Acronyms
UNDP
Agency
United Nations Development Programme
Headquarters
New York City, United States
Head
Achim Steiner
Established
1965
UNICEF
UNICEF
Acronyms
UNICEF
Agency
United Nations Children's Fund
Headquarters
New York City, United States
Head
Catherine M. Russell
Established
1946
UNCDF
UNCDF
Acronyms
UNCDF
Agency
United Nations Capital Development Fund
Headquarters
New York City, United States
Head
Marc Bichler
Established
1966
WFP
WFP
Acronyms
WFP
Agency
World Food Programme
Headquarters
Rome, Italy
Head
Cindy McCain
Established
1963
UNEP
UNEP
Acronyms
UNEP
Agency
United Nations Environment Programme
Headquarters
Nairobi, Kenya
Head
Inger Andersen
Established
1972
UNFPA
UNFPA
Acronyms
UNFPA
Agency
United Nations Population Fund
Headquarters
New York City, United States
Head
Natalia Kanem
Established
1969
UN-HABITAT
UN-HABITAT
Acronyms
UN-HABITAT
Agency
United Nations Human Settlements Programme
Headquarters
Nairobi, Kenya
Head
Maimunah Mohd Sharif
Established
1978
UNV
UNV
Acronyms
UNV
Agency
United Nations Volunteers
Headquarters
Bonn, Germany
Head
Toily Kurbanov
Established
1978
Acronyms
Agency
Headquarters
Head
Established
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme
New York City, United States
Achim Steiner
1965
UNICEF
United Nations Children's Fund
New York City, United States
Catherine M. Russell
1946
UNCDF
United Nations Capital Development Fund
New York City, United States
Marc Bichler
1966
WFP
World Food Programme
Rome, Italy
Cindy McCain
1963
UNEP
United Nations Environment Programme
Nairobi, Kenya
Inger Andersen
1972
UNFPA
United Nations Population Fund
New York City, United States
Natalia Kanem
1969
UN-HABITAT
United Nations Human Settlements Programme
Nairobi, Kenya
Maimunah Mohd Sharif
1978
UNV
United Nations Volunteers
Bonn, Germany
Toily Kurbanov
1978

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