United Football League (2024)

References

1. Spanish audio/broadcast
2. Spanish audio/broadcast
3. Upper deck and some end zone sections of seating closed off for UFL games.
4. For 2024 and 2025, the Gamblers operated under the identity of the Houston Roughnecks but shared no other commonalities
5. Not tied to the XFL Orlando Guardians, who played one season in 2023.
6. Most upper decks of seating closed off for UFL games, limiting seating to under 39,000 depending on demand.
7. AL.com
   https://www.al.com/sports/2021/10/usfl-bjcc-reach-tentative-moa-to-bring-relaunch-season-to-birmingham.html
8. XFL News Hub
   https://xflnewshub.com/xfl-news/more-details-on-the-rock-purchase-of-the-xfl-how-many-bidders
9. theufl.com
   https://web.archive.org/web/20231231173424/https://www.theufl.com/news/united-football-league-set-to-launch-as-the-premier-spring-football-league
10. FOX 2
    https://fox2now.com/sports/battlehawks/st-louis-was-all-in-ufl-leader-daryl-johnston-speaks-on-battlehawks-and-new-merger/
11. Deadspin.com
    https://deadspin.com/timing-of-trademarks-suggests-new-xfl-may-be-a-respon-1821393884
12. CBS Sports
    https://www.cbssports.com/wwe/news/will-the-xfl-actually-be-making-a-return-wwe-is-not-exactly-denying-the-rumors
13. "XFL will release to NFL or CFL players with a "credible contractual offer" – ProFootballTalk"
    https://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2020/03/13/xfl-will-release-to-nfl-or-cfl-players-with-a-credible-contractual-offer/
14. ESPN
    https://www.espn.com/xfl/story/_/id/29021347/xfl-suspends-all-operations-lays-employees-amid-coronavirus-pandemic
15. "XFL purchased by a group including Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson"
    https://fox2now.com/sports/battlehawks/xfl-purchased-by-a-group-including-dwayne-the-rock-johnson/
16. ESPN
    https://www.espn.com/xfl/story/_/id/29588303/dwayne-rock-johnson-investor-group-agree-buy-xfl-15m
17. ESPN
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210707163815/https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/31776392/xfl-planning-2023-return-talks-partnership-cfl-tabled
18. XFL News Hub
    https://www.xflnewshub.com/the-spring-league/the-spring-league-week-3-coaching-changes-covid-rumors-addressed/
19. "The Spring League will be first to use bubble concept in football for October tournament in Las Vegas"
    https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/29638025/spring-league-become-first-utilize-bubble-concept-football-six-team-october-tournament-las-vegas
20. Sports Illustrated. John Wall Street
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200225192201/https://www.si.com/johnwallstreet/sports-business/the-spring-league-xfl
21. "Fox Sports will televise The Spring League football games this fall"
    https://awfulannouncing.com/fox/fox-sports-will-televise-the-spring-league-football-games-this-fall.html
22. "The USFL is officially back"
    https://nypost.com/2021/06/03/the-usfl-is-officially-back/
23. AL.com
    https://www.al.com/sports/2022/01/usfl-announce-plans-for-inaugural-season-in-birmingham.html
24. FOX Sports
    https://www.foxsports.com/stories/usfl/usfl-playoffs-championship-canton
25. Forbes
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/jefffedotin/2023/04/06/former-dallas-cowboys-star-daryl-johnston-is-new-usfl-president/
26. Sports Business Journal
    https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Daily/Issues/2023/06/30/Media/usfl-season-two-viewership-xfl.aspx
27. American City Business Journals
    https://www.bizjournals.com/memphis/news/2022/11/15/showboats-usfl-simmons-bank-liberty-stadium.html
28. The Detroit News
    https://www.detroitnews.com/story/sports/other/2023/01/26/usfl-michigan-panthers-detroit-ford-field-philadelphia-stars/69840006007/
29. Sports Illustrated
    https://www.si.com/xfl/2022/06/04/xfl-assigns-coaches-franches-2023-season-report-bob-stoops-wade-phillips-hines-ward
30. usflnewshub.com
    https://usflnewshub.com/usfl-news/usfl-2023-championship-game-tv-rating-sees-significant-decline-in-viewership-from-2022/
31. NY Post
    https://nypost.com/2022/06/28/foxs-usfl-seeking-outside-investor-to-help-fund-expansion-sources/
32. forbes.com
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/jabariyoung/2023/06/10/dwayne-johnson-says-xfl-succeed-nfl-usfl-dany-garcia/
33. yahoo.com
    https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/report-xfl-loses-nearly-60-022258619.html
34. theathletic.com
    https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4525161/2023/05/16/xfl-espn-championship-tv-ratings/
35. sportico.com
    https://www.sportico.com/leagues/football/2022/xfl-equity-investors-pjt-partners-1234684970/
36. xflnewshub.com
    https://xflnewshub.com/xfl-news/exclusive-major-changes-in-xfl-as-league-makes-widespread-cuts/
37. Awful Announcing
    https://awfulannouncing.com/xfl/rock-refutes-andrew-marchand-rights-fees-espn.html
38. Sports Business Journal
    https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Articles/2024/03/25/spring-football
39. Axios
    https://www.axios.com/2023/09/19/xfl-usfl-merger
40. TSN
    https://www.tsn.ca/nfl/xfl-united-states-football-league-announce-intention-to-merge-1.2013718
41. USA Today
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/xfl/2023/09/19/xfl-usfl-discussing-merger/70899491007/
42. San Antonio Express-News
    https://www.expressnews.com/sports/article/xfl-files-trademark-applications-united-football-18433404.php
43. Instagram
    https://www.instagram.com/p/C0Rxyhvx3ug/
44. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2023/12/31/xfl-usfl-merger-ufl/
45. UFL reveals team markets and head coaches for 2024 season press release.
    https://twitter.com/XFL_PR/status/1741864231538982929
46. WBRC
    https://www.wbrc.com/2024/02/09/stallions-hold-social-event-protective-stadium-ahead-upcoming-ufl-season/
47. SI.com
    https://www.si.com/fannation/ufl/news/ufl-president-russ-brandon-future-plans-schedule-vision
48. UFL News Hub
    https://uflnewshub.com/ufl/defenders-greg-williams-talks-ufl-expansion-in-2025-dc-ticket-demand/
49. UFL News Hub
    https://uflnewshub.com/ufl/ufl-2025-number-of-teams-start-dates-and-behind-the-scenes-updates/
50. WMC-TV
    https://www.actionnews5.com/2024/05/24/moose-johnston-says-showboats-likely-return-memphis-next-season/
51. Sports Business Journal
    https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Articles/2024/06/24/ufl-season-review
52. SI.com
    https://www.si.com/fannation/ufl/ufl-news/united-football-league-kicks-off-expansion-process
53. UFL News Hub
    https://uflnewshub.com/ufl/united-football-league-launches-expansion-process-for-new-team-markets/
54. UFL News Hub
    https://uflnewshub.com/ufl/ufl-expansion-seattle-leads-10-markets-eyeing-2026-entry/
55. "UFL CEO Declares League's Survival Guaranteed "That Ship Has Sailed", Details 2026 Growth Plans"
    https://uflnewshub.com/ufl/ufl-ceo-declares-leagues-survival-guaranteed-that-ship-has-sailed-details-2026-growth-plans/
56. USA TODAY
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/2025/06/15/ufl-expansion-attendance-2026-season/84206719007/
57. Pro Football Newsroom
    https://pfnewsroom.com/news/layoffs-sweep-ufl-early-in-offseason-changes/
58. ProFootballNewsroom
    https://pfnewsroom.com/news/2025-ufl-college-draft-moved-back-to-september/
59. NBC Sports
    https://www.nbcsports.com/nfl/profootballtalk/rumor-mill/news/ufl-issues-non-denial-denial-on-relocation-of-birmingham-michigan-houston-memphis
60. "UFL Issues Statement on Relocation of Birmingham, Michigan, Houston, Memphis Report"
    https://uflnewshub.com/ufl/ufl-issues-statement-on-relocation-of-birmingham-michigan-houston-memphis-report/
61. Lexington Herald Leader
    https://www.kentucky.com/sports/article311260110.html
62. Sportico.com
    https://www.sportico.com/leagues/football/2025/mike-repole-ufl-investor-spring-football-league-1234865483/
63. AL.com
    https://www.al.com/sports/2025/08/united-football-league-business-director-provides-attendance-goal-for-2026-birmingham-stallions.html
64. WIAT
    https://www.cbs42.com/news/local/stallions-staying-in-birmingham-for-2026-season/
65. The Detroit News
    https://www.detroitnews.com/story/sports/other/2025/08/25/new-ufl-co-owner-mike-repole-says-he-wants-to-keep-the-michigan-panthers/85823235007/
66. "Statement from the United Football League"
    https://x.com/TheUFL/status/1974180221210271816
67. Pro Football Newsroom
    https://pfnewsroom.com/news/ufls-mike-repole-gives-update-on-michigan-panthers-status/
68. San Antonio Express-News
    https://www.expressnews.com/sports/article/san-antonio-brahmas-not-returning-2026-ufl-shifts-21082103.php
69. USA Today
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/2025/10/07/ufl-teams-relocating-columbus-louisville-orlando-2026/86548525007/
70. "United Football League (UFL) Announces New Vision, New Markets And Team Rebrands For The 2026 Season"
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71. Parks, Greg (November 5, 2025). Seven thoughts on UFL's reported move to centralized personnel department. UFL News Hub.
    https://uflnewshub.com/ufl/seven-thoughts-on-ufls-reported-move-to-centralized-personnel-department/
72. XFL2K.com
    https://xfl2k.com/news/oliver-luck-joins-the-survive-and-advance-podcast-talks-team-locations-head-coaches-qbs-rule-changes-and-more/
73. USA TODAY
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/2025/07/31/ufl-columbus-franchise-relocation-updates/85448517007/
74. Columbus will be the new home of a UFL team in 2026
    https://abc6onyourside.com/sports/sports-newsletter/columbus-will-be-the-new-home-of-a-ufl-team-united-football-league-pro-historic-crew-stadium?fbclid=IwY2xjawL4fshleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHm_lwWKGKpBKEql1kEVRBdHR-Z-yi9K31MO15ZYI013CVx-00PjAjTD3pRRd_aem_XX9v90h0Q6aAeWL5qjp3VA
75. theufl.com
    https://www.theufl.com/news/united-football-league-announces-new-vision-2026
76. UNITED FOOTBALL LEAGUE REVEALS TEAM MARKETS AND HEAD COACHES FOR 2024 SEASON. Press release. Retrieved January 1, 2024.
    https://www.theufl.com/news/2024/january/12/united-football-league-reveals-team-markets-and-head-coaches-for-2024-season
77. Orlando Business Journal
    https://www.bizjournals.com/orlando/news/2025/10/06/ufo-united-football-league-xfl-usfl-soccer-pride.html
78. SI.com
    https://www.si.com/fannation/ufl/news/united-football-league-training-camp-details
79. SI.com
    https://www.si.com/fannation/ufl/news/around-the-ufl-training-camp-analysis
80. UFLBoard
    https://uflboard.com/news/revisiting-uflpas-negotiated-contract-details-for-2024/
81. UFL News Hub
    https://uflnewshub.com/ufl/ufls-russ-brandon-on-naysayers-united-football-leagues-ownership-more/
82. ESPN.com
    https://www.espn.com/xfl/story/_/id/39578185/ufl-2024-information-xfl-usfl-merger-spring-football-league
83. UFLBoard
    https://uflboard.com/news/with-the-merger-daryl-johnston-sees-strength-and-depth-in-the-new-ufl/
84. UFL News Hub
    https://uflnewshub.com/ufl/ufl-vp-daryl-johnston-talks-ufl-messaging-kick-off-logistical-challenges-betting-more/
85. "PARKS: Mike, We Love What You're Doing – Just Stay Away From UFL Football Ops"
    https://uflnewshub.com/ufl/parks-mike-we-love-what-youre-doing-just-stay-away-from-ufl-football-ops/
86. "Team-By-Team Review of the 2024 UFL College Draft, One Year Later"
    https://uflnewshub.com/ufl/team-by-team-review-of-the-2024-ufl-college-draft-one-year-later/
87. The Spun
    https://thespun.com/xfl/the-ufl-has-made-official-change-to-its-college-draft
88. "The UFL Plans Extended Training Camp and New Free Agency for 2026 Season"
    https://uflnewshub.com/ufl/the-ufl-plans-extended-training-camp-and-new-free-agency-for-2026-season/
89. UFL News Hub
    https://uflnewshub.com/ufl/ufl-launches-uflpa-new-era-of-player-representation-adopts-usfl-usw-cba/
90. XFL News Hub
    https://xflnewshub.com/xfl-news/ufpa-and-the-united-steelworkers-drop-partnership-as-xfl-usfl-merger-looms/
91. SI.com
    https://www.si.com/fannation/ufl/news/aj-mccarron-unsure-playing-ufl-st-louis-battlehawks-2024-season
92. SI.com
    https://www.si.com/fannation/ufl/news/d-c-defenders-jordan-taamu-changes-dispersal-draft-update-analysis
93. "x.com"
    https://twitter.com/TheUFLPA/status/1752763400675790963
94. UFL News Hub
    https://uflnewshub.com/ufl/qb-aj-mccarron-unveils-ufl-challenges-pay-living-union-will-he-come-back/
95. USW Withdrawal from UFL. United Football League Players Association. News release. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
    https://twitter.com/TheUFLPA/status/1822977084844855436
96. Pro Football Newsroom
    https://pfnewsroom.com/news/ufpa-officially-voted-in-as-ufls-player-union-for-2025/
97. Sports Business Journal
    https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Articles/2025/02/27/labor-strife-hits-ufl/
98. Sports Business Journal
    https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Articles/2025/03/14/ufpa-files-unfair-labor-practice-charge-against-ufl/
99. ESPN.com
    https://www.espn.com/united-football-league/story/_/id/44729619/new-ufl-cba-increases-minimum-salary-roster-size
100. SI.com
     https://www.si.com/fannation/ufl/rumors/ufl-league-rules-nfl-testing-mike-pereira-dean-blandino-usfl-xfl-officiating
101. www.theufl.com
     https://www.theufl.com/news/united-football-league-rules-for-2024-announced
102. UFLBoard
     https://uflboard.com/news/an-in-depth-look-at-the-ufl-rules-similarities-differences-from-the-xfl-usfl-and-more-part-one/
103. UFLBoard
     https://uflboard.com/news/an-in-depth-look-at-the-ufl-rules-similarities-differences-from-the-xfl-usfl-and-more-part-two/
104. UFLBoard
     https://uflboard.com/news/ufl-head-coaches-looking-for-distance-in-kickoffs/
105. spectrumlocalnews.com
     https://spectrumlocalnews.com/mo/st-louis/news/2024/01/16/battlehawks-prep-for-new-league-in-2024
106. UFL News Hub
     https://uflnewshub.com/ufl/panthers-mike-nolan-talks-ufl-evolution-rules-next-week-and-more/
107. "XFL Style Kick-Off Returning, New On Field Tech And More From UFL EVP Daryl Johnston"
     https://uflnewshub.com/ufl/xfl-style-kick-off-returning-new-on-field-tech-and-more-from-ufl-evp-daryl-johnston/
108. ESPN
     https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/33341262/xfl-petri-dish-football-innovation-prospect-development-part-partnership-agreement-nfl
109. XFL News Hub
     https://xflnewshub.com/xfl-news/redbird-capital-partners-gerry-cardinale-talks-xfl-nfl-partnership-future-of-xfl/
110. "XFL & IFL Announce Player Personnel Partnership"
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111. www.theaf1.com
     http://www.theaf1.com/news/duane-brown-and-isiah-scott-sign-with-memphis-show
112. pfnewsroom.com
     https://pfnewsroom.com/news/stallions-sign-qb-jalen-morton-showboats-make-moves-at-dt/
113. USA Today
     https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/xfl/2023/03/27/dwayne-johnson-dany-garcia-xfl-midway-point/11541516002/
114. Axios
     https://www.axios.com/2023/03/29/football-xfl-nfl-viewership-highlights?s=08
115. Front Office Sports
     https://frontofficesports.com/mike-repole-ufl-impact-capital-private-equity/
116. The Courier-Journal
     https://www.courier-journal.com/story/sports/2025/10/07/ufl-louisville-kings-mike-repole-lynn-family-stadium/86440010007/
117. UFL News and Discussion
     https://uflboard.com/xfl-attendance/
118. UFL News and Discussion
     https://uflboard.com/xfl-attendance/
119. SI.com
     https://www.si.com/fannation/ufl/news/united-football-league-created-cut-costs-xfl-usfl-financial-structure
120. Front Office Sports
     https://frontofficesports.com/newly-formed-ufl-draws-equally-from-usfl-xfl-merger/
121. The Commercial Appeal
     https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/sports/college/memphis-tigers/2025/06/05/memphis-showboats-united-football-league-ufl-fedex-fred-smith/83952899007/
122. UFL
     https://www.theufl.com/news/2024/march/08/ufl-and-under-armour-announce-partnership-for-2024-season
123. UFL
     https://www.theufl.com/news/2024/march/12/msx-by-michael-strahan-named-official-off-field-apparel-partner-of-the-united-football-league
124. UFL
     https://www.theufl.com/news/2024/march/26/blue-chip-companies-commit-to-innovating-and-unleashing-footballs-power-with-ufl-partnerships
125. The UFL
     https://www.theufl.com/news/2024/april/06/the-united-states-army-and-united-football-league-announce-exclusive-partnership-u-s-army-becomes-the-presenting-partner-of-the-ufl
126. Sportico.com
     https://www.sportico.com/business/media/2024/spirit-st-louis-battlehawks-ufl-standard-bearers-1234774972/
127. Front Office Sports
     https://frontofficesports.com/ufl-army-the-rock-millions-resolved/
128. UFL News Hub
     https://uflnewshub.com/ufl/upper-desk-announces-2024-ufl-game-dated-moments-cards/
129. CNBC
     https://www.cnbc.com/2025/05/29/cnbc-sport-redbird-capital-gerry-cardinale-team-valuations.html
130. NBC Sports
     https://www.nbcsports.com/nfl/profootballtalk/rumor-mill/news/moose-johnston-will-serve-as-executive-v-p-of-football-operations-with-ufl?s=08
131. ESPN
     https://www.espn.com/xfl/story/_/id/39215302/merged-xfl-usfl-rebranded-united-football-league
132. Variety
     https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/disney-xfl-rights-deal-espn-fx-1235269996/
133. The Athletic
     https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4336479/2023/03/22/xfl-tv-ratings-midseason/
134. Sports Business Journal
     https://web.archive.org/web/20231212233736/https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Articles/2023/12/04/nbc-xfl-usfl-no-games.aspx
135. Sports Business Journal
     https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Daily/Issues/2021/12/15/Media/USFL.aspx
136. SI.com
     https://www.si.com/fannation/ufl/news/espn-to-expand-ufl-2024-coverage-with-weekly-multi-platform-show
137. www.theufl.com
     https://www.theufl.com/news/2024/march/20/ufl-games-to-air-nationwide-on-siriusxm
138. Deadline
     https://deadline.com/2024/05/fox-fall-2024-schedule-9-1-1-lone-star-the-floor-family-guy-midseason-1235913421/
139. "Report: Friday Night UFL Games On FOX in 2025"
     https://uflnewshub.com/ufl/report-friday-night-ufl-games-on-fox-in-2025/
140. The BANNER
     https://www.bhambanner.com/archive-1/yg6kcjseszthkr2-xkty9-ram7e-389rs-f2bnb-8bbd5-e2xna-8kbml-her3g-5xdn5-atpxy-7srtw-z52yr-4tmws-t7dnp-rzdkj-tsa9j-y7sa4-fnn5e-f523e-bhysk
141. Total Pro Sports
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142. ESPN.com
     https://www.espn.com/united-football-league/story/_/id/44605642/ufl-st-louis-battlehawks-success
143. Rams Wire
     https://theramswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/rams/2025/04/14/fans-of-ufls-battlehawks-rally-around-shared-hatred-of-stan-kroenke/83084803007/