Topzle Topzle

Underwater explosion

Updated: Wikipedia source

Underwater explosion

An underwater explosion (also known as an UNDEX) is a chemical or nuclear explosion that occurs under the surface of a body of water. While useful in anti-ship and submarine warfare, underwater bombs are not as effective against coastal facilities.

Tables

· List of underwater nuclear tests
Baker
Baker
Test series
Crossroads
Name
Baker
Nation
US
Date (UT)
July 25, 1946
Location
Bikini Atoll, PPG
Bomb depth
50 m (160 ft)
Depth of water
100 m (330 ft)
Yield
20 kt
Notes
Probe the effects of a shallow underwater nuclear bomb on various surface fleet units
Hurricane
Hurricane
Test series
Hurricane
Name
Hurricane
Nation
UK
Date (UT)
October 2, 1952
Location
Monte Bello Islands
Bomb depth
2.7 m (8 ft 10 in)
Depth of water
12 m (39 ft)
Yield
25 kt
Notes
First British nuclear test. Nuclear effects test of a ship-smuggled nuclear bomb at a port
Wigwam
Wigwam
Test series
Wigwam
Name
Wigwam
Nation
US
Date (UT)
May 14, 1955
Location
North Pacific Ocean
Bomb depth
610 m (2,000 ft)
Depth of water
4,880 m (16,010 ft)
Yield
30 kt
Notes
A Mark 90-B7 "Betty" nuclear depth charge test to determine specifically submarine vulnerability to deep atomic depth charges
22 (Joe 17)
22 (Joe 17)
Test series
1955
Name
22 (Joe 17)
Nation
USSR
Date (UT)
September 21, 1955
Location
Chernaya Bay, Novaya Zemlya
Bomb depth
10 m (33 ft)
Depth of water
Unknown
Yield
3.5 kt
Notes
Test of a nuclear torpedo
48
48
Test series
1957
Name
48
Nation
USSR
Date (UT)
October 10, 1957
Location
Novaya Zemlya
Bomb depth
30 m (98 ft)
Depth of water
Unknown
Yield
6 kt
Notes
A T-5 torpedo test
Wahoo
Wahoo
Test series
Hardtack I
Name
Wahoo
Nation
US
Date (UT)
May 16, 1958
Location
Outside Enewetak Atoll, PPG
Bomb depth
150 m (490 ft)
Depth of water
980 m (3,220 ft)
Yield
9 kt
Notes
Test of a deep water bomb against ship hulls
Umbrella
Umbrella
Test series
Hardtack I
Name
Umbrella
Nation
US
Date (UT)
June 8, 1958
Location
Inside Enewetak Atoll, PPG
Bomb depth
46 m (151 ft)
Depth of water
46 m (151 ft)
Yield
9 kt
Notes
Test of a shallow water bomb on ocean floor against ship hulls
122 (Korall-1)
122 (Korall-1)
Test series
1961
Name
122 (Korall-1)
Nation
USSR
Date (UT)
October 23, 1961
Location
Novaya Zemlya
Bomb depth
20 m (66 ft)
Depth of water
Unknown
Yield
4.8 kt
Notes
A T-5 torpedo test
Swordfish
Swordfish
Test series
Dominic
Name
Swordfish
Nation
US
Date (UT)
May 11, 1962
Location
Pacific Ocean, near Johnston Island
Bomb depth
198 m (650 ft)
Depth of water
1,000 m (3,300 ft)
Yield
<20 kt
Notes
Test of the RUR-5 ASROC system
Test series
Name
Nation
Date (UT)
Location
Bomb depth
Depth of water
Yield
Notes
Crossroads
Baker
US
July 25, 1946
Bikini Atoll, PPG
50 m (160 ft)
100 m (330 ft)
20 kt
Probe the effects of a shallow underwater nuclear bomb on various surface fleet units
Hurricane
Hurricane
UK
October 2, 1952
Monte Bello Islands
2.7 m (8 ft 10 in)
12 m (39 ft)
25 kt
First British nuclear test. Nuclear effects test of a ship-smuggled nuclear bomb at a port
Wigwam
Wigwam
US
May 14, 1955
North Pacific Ocean
610 m (2,000 ft)
4,880 m (16,010 ft)
30 kt
A Mark 90-B7 "Betty" nuclear depth charge test to determine specifically submarine vulnerability to deep atomic depth charges
1955
22 (Joe 17)
USSR
September 21, 1955
Chernaya Bay, Novaya Zemlya
10 m (33 ft)
Unknown
3.5 kt
Test of a nuclear torpedo
1957
48
USSR
October 10, 1957
Novaya Zemlya
30 m (98 ft)
Unknown
6 kt
A T-5 torpedo test
Hardtack I
Wahoo
US
May 16, 1958
Outside Enewetak Atoll, PPG
150 m (490 ft)
980 m (3,220 ft)
9 kt
Test of a deep water bomb against ship hulls
Hardtack I
Umbrella
US
June 8, 1958
Inside Enewetak Atoll, PPG
46 m (151 ft)
46 m (151 ft)
9 kt
Test of a shallow water bomb on ocean floor against ship hulls
1961
122 (Korall-1)
USSR
October 23, 1961
Novaya Zemlya
20 m (66 ft)
Unknown
4.8 kt
A T-5 torpedo test
Dominic
Swordfish
US
May 11, 1962
Pacific Ocean, near Johnston Island
198 m (650 ft)
1,000 m (3,300 ft)
<20 kt
Test of the RUR-5 ASROC system

References

  1. Journal of Marine Science and Application
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-025-00633-4
  2. "Nuclear Waste (class notes)"
    http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/physics/sobel/Nucphys/waste.html
  3. Water waves generated by underwater explosion
    https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA304244.pdf
  4. RMCS Precis on Naval Ammunition, Jan 91
  5. CTBTO Preparatory Commission
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120525004308/http://www.ctbto.org/specials/infamous-anniversaries/25-july-1946test-baker-bikini-atoll/
  6. How stuff works
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120604203743/http://science.howstuffworks.com/nuclear-test1.htm
  7. The effects of nuclear weapons
    https://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/www/effects/
  8. The effects of nuclear weapons
    https://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/www/effects/
  9. All the information in this section is directly from the now-declassified Analysis of various models of underwater nucle
    https://web.archive.org/web/20121018020911/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/737271.pdf
  10. www.ctbto.org
    https://www.ctbto.org/verification-regime/monitoring-technologies-how-they-work/hydroacoustic-monitoring/
  11. www.indiana.edu
    http://www.indiana.edu/~emusic/acoustics/speed.htm
  12. www.le.ac.uk
    https://www.le.ac.uk/se/centres/sci/selfstudy/snd3.htm
  13. www.ga.gov.au
    http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/hazards/nuclear-monitoring/techniques/hydroacoustic
  14. www.ctbto.org
    https://www.ctbto.org/verification-regime/background/overview-of-the-verification-regime/
  15. acoustics.org
    http://acoustics.org/pressroom/httpdocs/137th/lawrence.html
  16. can-ndc.nrcan.gc.ca
    http://can-ndc.nrcan.gc.ca/ha_hydroacoustic-en.php
Image
Source:
Tip: Wheel or +/− to zoom, drag to pan, Esc to close.