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Ukulele

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Ukulele

The ukulele ( YOO-kə-LAY-lee; Hawaiian: [ʔukulele]), also called a uke (informally), is a member of the lute (ancient guitar) family of instruments. The ukulele is of Portuguese origin and was popularized in Hawaii. The tone and volume of the instrument vary with size and construction. Ukuleles commonly come in four sizes: soprano, concert, tenor, and baritone. Ukuleles generally have four nylon strings tuned to GCEA (except baritone, which is normally tuned DGBE). They have 16–22 frets depending on the size.

Infobox

Classification
Stringed instrument (plucked, nylon-stringed instrument usually played with the bare thumb and/or fingertips, or a felt pick)
Hornbostel–Sachs classification
321.322(Composite chordophone)
Developed
19th century in Hawaii (introduced by the Portuguese)

Tables

Size and popular tunings of standard ukulele types · Size and range
piccolo, sopranino, sopranissimo
piccolo, sopranino, sopranissimo
Type
Pocket
Alternatenames
piccolo, sopranino, sopranissimo
Typicallength
16 in (41 cm)
Scale length
11 in (28 cm)
Frets
10–12
Range
G4–D6 (E6)
Commontuning
D5 G4 B4 E5
Alternatetunings
C5 F4 A4 D5
standard, ukulele
standard, ukulele
Type
Soprano
Alternatenames
standard, ukulele
Typicallength
21 in (53 cm)
Scale length
13 in (33 cm)
Frets
12–15
Range
C4–A5 (C6)
Commontuning
G4 C4 E4 A4
Alternatetunings
A4 D4 F♯4 B4G3 C4 E4 A4
alto
alto
Type
Concert
Alternatenames
alto
Typicallength
23 in (58 cm)
Scale length
15 in (38 cm)
Frets
15–18
Range
C4–C6 (D♯ 6)
Commontuning
G4 C4 E4 A4
Alternatetunings
G3 C4 E4 A4
taro patch, Liliu
taro patch, Liliu
Type
Tenor
Alternatenames
taro patch, Liliu
Typicallength
26 in (66 cm)
Scale length
17 in (43 cm)
Frets
17–19
Range
G3–D6 (E6)
Commontuning
G4 C4 E4 A4 ("High G")G3 C4 E4 A4 ("Low G")
Alternatetunings
D4 G3 B3 E4A3 D4 F♯4 B4D3 G3 B3 E4
bari, bari uke, taropatch
bari, bari uke, taropatch
Type
Baritone
Alternatenames
bari, bari uke, taropatch
Typicallength
29 in (74 cm)
Scale length
19 in (48 cm)
Frets
18–21
Range
D3–A♯5 (C♯ 6)
Commontuning
D3 G3 B3 E4(Guitar tuning)
Alternatetunings
C3 G3 B3 E4
U-Bass, Rumbler
U-Bass, Rumbler
Type
Contrabass
Alternatenames
U-Bass, Rumbler
Typicallength
32 in (81 cm)
Scale length
21 in (53 cm)
Frets
16
Range
E1–B3
Commontuning
E1 A1 D2 G2
Alternatetunings
D1 A1 D2 G2 ("Drop D")
Type
Alternatenames
Typicallength
Scale length
Frets
Range
Commontuning
Alternatetunings
Pocket
piccolo, sopranino, sopranissimo
16 in (41 cm)
11 in (28 cm)
10–12
G4–D6 (E6)
D5 G4 B4 E5
C5 F4 A4 D5
Soprano
standard, ukulele
21 in (53 cm)
13 in (33 cm)
12–15
C4–A5 (C6)
G4 C4 E4 A4
A4 D4 F♯4 B4G3 C4 E4 A4
Concert
alto
23 in (58 cm)
15 in (38 cm)
15–18
C4–C6 (D♯ 6)
G4 C4 E4 A4
G3 C4 E4 A4
Tenor
taro patch, Liliu
26 in (66 cm)
17 in (43 cm)
17–19
G3–D6 (E6)
G4 C4 E4 A4 ("High G")G3 C4 E4 A4 ("Low G")
D4 G3 B3 E4A3 D4 F♯4 B4D3 G3 B3 E4
Baritone
bari, bari uke, taropatch
29 in (74 cm)
19 in (48 cm)
18–21
D3–A♯5 (C♯ 6)
D3 G3 B3 E4(Guitar tuning)
C3 G3 B3 E4
Bass
30 in (76 cm)
20 in (51 cm)
16–18
E2–B4 (C♯5)
E2 A2 D3 G3
Contrabass
U-Bass, Rumbler
32 in (81 cm)
21 in (53 cm)
16
E1–B3
E1 A1 D2 G2
D1 A1 D2 G2 ("Drop D")

References

  1. Erich M. von Hornbostel & Curt Sachs, "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Ant
  2. Merriam-Webster
    http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ukulele
  3. Oxford English Dictionary
    https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=ukulele
  4. Ukulele Harmony: Learn Ukulele in 10 Songs
  5. The Ukulele, A History
  6. World Music: The Basics
    https://archive.org/details/worldmusic00rich_0/page/312
  7. Ancient Hawaiian Music
  8. "Prolegomena to a History of the 'Ukuleley"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20040803005054/http://www.ukuleleguild.org/history.php
  9. "David Kalakaua (1836–1891), Inaugural Hall of Fame Inductee, 1997"
    http://www.ukulele.org/?Inductees:1997-1998:David_Kalakaua
  10. Beloff 2003, p. 13
  11. Catalogue of the Crosby Brown Collection of Musical Instruments of All Nations
  12. Encyclopedia of Music in Canada
    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/j-chalmers-doane-emc
  13. Beloff 2003, p. 111
  14. "Our Story — Ukulele in the Classroom"
    https://www.ukuleleintheclassroom.org/our-story
  15. Beloff 2003, p. 110
  16. BBC News
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/8523082.stm
  17. The Ukulele: a History
  18. Ukulele Magazine
    https://ukulelemagazine.com/stories/beatles-george-harrison-ukulele-crusade
  19. Far Out Magazine
    https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/beatles-george-harrison-tom-petty-ukulele-story/
  20. San Francisco's Panama-Pacific International Exposition
  21. Echo and Reverb: Fabricating Space in Popular Music Recording, 1900–1960
  22. "Jonah Kumalae (1875–1940), 2002 Hall of Fame Inductee"
    http://www.ukulele.org/?Inductees:2002-2003:Jonah_Kumalae
  23. Music Cultures in the United States: An Introduction
    https://archive.org/details/musicculturesuni00kosk
  24. Lap Steel Guitar
  25. Ukulele Heaven: Songs from the Golden Age of the Ukulele
    https://archive.org/details/ukuleleheavenson00whit/page/11
  26. Uke Ballads: A Treasury of Twenty-five Love Songs Old and New
  27. American Popular Music and Its Business: The First Four Hundred Years
    https://archive.org/details/americanpopularm00san_hz5
  28. Ukulele-Tabs.com
    https://www.ukulele-tabs.com/famous-ukulele-songs.html
  29. www.oldtimeherald.org
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120615233057/http://www.oldtimeherald.org/archive/back_issues/volume-9/9-5/uke.html
  30. Vintage Guitar
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090625165925/http://www.vguitar.com/features/brands/details.asp?AID=1071
  31. "The Ukulele"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20111103171108/http://www.peterboroughmusicltd.com/ukulele.irs
  32. "Arthur Godfrey (1903–1983), 2001 Hall of Fame Inductee"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150508003707/http://www.ukulele.org/?Inductees%3A2000-2001%3AArthur_Godfrey
  33. The Ukulele
    https://doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824835446.001.0001
  34. The Telegraph
    https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/3405236/The-great-ukulele-revival.html
  35. www.thesharon.com
    https://www.thesharon.com/event.php?id=679&title=The-Ukulele-Orchestra-of-Great-Britain
  36. Continuum encyclopedia of popular music of the world: VolumeII: Performance and production
    https://books.google.com/books?id=pJvzEzjahkQC&pg=PA450
  37. Mighty Uke, Interview with Jim Beloff, 2010
  38. Billboard, for the survey week ending January 18, 2004.
  39. "Ukulele weeps by Jake Shimabukuro"
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=puSkP3uym5k
  40. National Association for Music Education
    https://nafme.org/blog/why-try-the-ukulele-in-schools/
  41. Three Ukuleles around the Christmas Tree: 10 Christmas Carols for Ukulele Ensemble
  42. Two Ukes and a Baritone: 14 Song Arrangements for Ukulele Ensemble
  43. The ukulele owner's manual
  44. "Ukulele Strings"
    https://www.martinguitar.com/strings/ukulele/
  45. The Stringed Instrument Database
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130621113819/http://stringedinstrumentdatabase.110mb.com/u.htm
  46. "Kamaka Baritone 8 String HF-48"
    http://www.theukulelesite.com/kamaka-baritone-8-string-hf-48.html
  47. "Kala -KA-ATP-CTG Solid Cedar Top Tenor Slothead -Gloss Finish"
    http://www.theukulelesite.com/shop-by/popular-models/kala-ka-atp5-ctg-solid-cedar-top-5-string-tenor.html
  48. Mahalo Ukuleles
    https://mahaloukuleles.com/about-mahalo-ukuleles-2/ukulele-facts/
  49. "The story behind the wildly popular Kala U-Bass"
    http://forbassplayersonly.com/news-features-the-story-behind-the-kala-u-bass/
  50. "Uke Baritone Bass w/Preamp Tattoo"
    http://www.lunaguitars.com/query?upc=819998182960
  51. The "scale" is the length of the playable part of the strings, from the nut at the top to the bridge at the bottom.
  52. Exact range depends on the tuning and the number of frets.
  53. On the soprano, concert, and tenor instruments, the most common tuning results in a "bottom" string that is not the lowe
  54. Uke can do it! Developing your school ukulele program
  55. Tenor ukuleles exist in a variety of styles, with 4, 5, 6, and 8 strings. What the tenor is called depends on which styl
  56. Eight-string "taropatch" baritone ukuleles have been made; however, they are very rare. See, for example, the Kamaka HF-
  57. See the Luna Uke Bass and the Kala U-Bass
  58. U-Bass and Rumbler are trade names of the Kala ukulele company
  59. "Ukulele in the Classroom"
    https://ukuleleintheclassroom.com/tunings.htm
  60. "FAQ"
    http://jameshillmusic.com/faq#tuning
  61. Tranquada, J.; The Ukulele: A History; University of Hawaii Press; Honolulu: 2012. 0824-83634-0 According to Tranquanda,
  62. "How to Play a Ukulele Like a Mandolin"
    https://ourpastimes.com/how-to-play-a-ukulele-like-a-mandolin-12450760.html
  63. "Cuatro Tuning On a Ukulele"
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHF_g96Es3Q
  64. "Ukulele Dotara Style Tuning - ইউকালেলি দোতারা স্টাইল টিউনিং"
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fyr1iT27MzE
  65. How to Play Slack Key Ukulule
  66. Cook Islands culture
    https://books.google.com/books?id=vycNAQAAMAAJ
  67. Modern Noise, Fluid Genres: Popular Music in Indonesia, 1997–2001
    https://archive.org/details/modernnoisefluid00wall_0
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