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Ukraine

Updated: Wikipedia source

Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the north; Poland and Slovakia to the west; Hungary, Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Kyiv is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Kharkiv, Odesa, and Dnipro. The official language of Ukraine is Ukrainian. Humans have inhabited Ukraine since 32,000 BC. During the Middle Ages, it was the site of early Slavic expansion and later became a key centre of East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century. Kievan Rus' became the largest and most powerful realm in Europe in the 10th and 11th centuries, but gradually disintegrated into rival regional powers before being destroyed by the Mongols in the 13th century. For the next 600 years the area was contested, divided, and ruled by a variety of external powers, including the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Kingdom of Poland, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austrian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsardom of Russia. The Cossack Hetmanate emerged in central Ukraine in the 17th century but was partitioned between Russia and Poland before being gradually absorbed by the Russian Empire in the 18th century. Ukrainian nationalism developed and, following the Russian Revolution in 1917, the short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic was formed. The Bolsheviks consolidated control over much of the former empire and established the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922. In the early 1930s, millions of Ukrainians died in the Holodomor, a human-made famine. During World War II, Ukraine was occupied by Germany and endured major battles and atrocities, resulting in 7 million civilians killed, including most Ukrainian Jews. Ukraine gained independence in 1991 as the Soviet Union dissolved, declaring itself neutral. A new constitution was adopted in 1996 as the country transitioned to a free market liberal democracy amid endemic corruption and a legacy of state control. The Orange Revolution of 2004–2005 ushered electoral and constitutional reforms. Resurgent political crises prompted a series of mass demonstrations in 2014 known as the Euromaidan, leading to a revolution, at the end of which Russia unilaterally occupied and annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula, and pro-Russian unrest culminated in a war in Donbas with Russian-backed separatists and Russia. In 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, beginning the current phase of the war. Ukraine is a unitary state and its system of government is a semi-presidential republic. Ukraine has a transition economy and has the lowest nominal GDP per capita in Europe as of 2024, with corruption being a significant issue. Due to its extensive fertile land, the country is an important exporter of grain, though grain production has declined since 2022 due to the Russian invasion, endangering global food security. Ukraine is considered a middle power in global affairs. Its military is the sixth largest in the world with the eighth largest defence budget, and operates one of the world's largest and most diverse drone fleets. Ukraine is a founding member of the United Nations and a member of the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organisation, and the OSCE. It has been in the process of joining the European Union and applied to join NATO in 2022.

Infobox

Capitaland largest city
Kyiv 50°27′N 30°31′E / 50.450°N 30.517°E / 50.450; 30.517
mw- Official language and national language
Ukrainian
Ethnic groups (2001)
78% Ukrainians17% Russians4.9% other
Religion (2018)
87.3% Christianity11.0% no religion0.8% other
Demonym
Ukrainian
Government
Unitary semi-presidential republic
• President
Volodymyr Zelenskyy
• Prime Minister
Yulia Svyrydenko
• Chairman of theVerkhovna Rada
Ruslan Stefanchuk
Legislature
Verkhovna Rada
• Kievan Rus'
882
• Galicia–Volhynia
1199
• Cossack Hetmanate
18 August 1649
• People's republic
14 December 1918
• Second Hetmanate
29 April 1918
• Soviet republic
10 March 1919
• UN membership
24 October 1945
• Independence declared
24 August 1991
• Current constitution
28 June 1996
• Total
$205.742 billion (58th)
• Water (%)
3.8
• April 2025 estimate
32,862,000 (46th)
• Density
54.4/km2 (140.9/sq mi) (156th)
GDP (PPP)
2025 estimate
• Per capita
$6,261 (112th)
GDP (nominal)
2025 estimate
Gini (2020)
25.6 } }low inequality
HDI (2023)
0.779high (87th)
Currency
Ukrainian hryvnia (₴) (UAH)
Time zone
UTC 2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC 3 (EEST)
Date format
dd.mm.yyyy
Calling code
380
ISO 3166 code
UA
Internet TLD
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li .укр
• Zaporozhian Sich
1552

Tables

· Politics › Administrative divisions
Oblasts
Oblasts
Volyn  Rivne  Zhytomyr  Kyiv  Khmeln-ytskyi  Lviv  Ternopil  Ivano-Frankivsk  Zakarpattia  Chernivtsi  Vinnytsia  Cherkasy  Kirovohrad  Mykolaiv  Poltava  Chernihiv  Sumy  Kharkiv  Dnipropetrovsk  Odesa  Kherson  Zaporizhzhia  Donetsk  Crimea  Luhansk Kyiv City Sevastopol • •
Oblasts
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- Cherkasy Chernihiv Chernivtsi Dnipropetrovsk Donetsk Ivano-Frankivsk Kharkiv Kherson Khmelnytskyi Kyiv Kirovohrad Luhansk Lviv Mykolaiv Odesa Poltava Rivne Sumy Ternopil Vinnytsia Volyn Zakarpattia Zaporizhzhia Zhytomyr
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- Cherkasy Chernihiv Chernivtsi Dnipropetrovsk Donetsk Ivano-Frankivsk Kharkiv Kherson Khmelnytskyi Kyiv Kirovohrad Luhansk Lviv Mykolaiv Odesa Poltava Rivne Sumy Ternopil Vinnytsia Volyn Zakarpattia Zaporizhzhia Zhytomyr
Volyn  Rivne  Zhytomyr  Kyiv  Khmeln-ytskyi  Lviv  Ternopil  Ivano-Frankivsk  Zakarpattia  Chernivtsi  Vinnytsia  Cherkasy  Kirovohrad  Mykolaiv  Poltava  Chernihiv  Sumy  Kharkiv  Dnipropetrovsk  Odesa  Kherson  Zaporizhzhia  Donetsk  Crimea  Luhansk Kyiv City Sevastopol • •
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- Cherkasy Chernihiv Chernivtsi Dnipropetrovsk Donetsk Ivano-Frankivsk Kharkiv Kherson Khmelnytskyi Kyiv Kirovohrad Luhansk Lviv Mykolaiv Odesa Poltava Rivne Sumy Ternopil Vinnytsia Volyn Zakarpattia Zaporizhzhia Zhytomyr
Autonomous republic
Autonomous republic
Volyn  Rivne  Zhytomyr  Kyiv  Khmeln-ytskyi  Lviv  Ternopil  Ivano-Frankivsk  Zakarpattia  Chernivtsi  Vinnytsia  Cherkasy  Kirovohrad  Mykolaiv  Poltava  Chernihiv  Sumy  Kharkiv  Dnipropetrovsk  Odesa  Kherson  Zaporizhzhia  Donetsk  Crimea  Luhansk Kyiv City Sevastopol • •
Autonomous republic
Volyn  Rivne  Zhytomyr  Kyiv  Khmeln-ytskyi  Lviv  Ternopil  Ivano-Frankivsk  Zakarpattia  Chernivtsi  Vinnytsia  Cherkasy  Kirovohrad  Mykolaiv  Poltava  Chernihiv  Sumy  Kharkiv  Dnipropetrovsk  Odesa  Kherson  Zaporizhzhia  Donetsk  Crimea  Luhansk Kyiv City Sevastopol • •
Cities with special status
Autonomous Republic of Crimea
Autonomous Republic of Crimea
Volyn  Rivne  Zhytomyr  Kyiv  Khmeln-ytskyi  Lviv  Ternopil  Ivano-Frankivsk  Zakarpattia  Chernivtsi  Vinnytsia  Cherkasy  Kirovohrad  Mykolaiv  Poltava  Chernihiv  Sumy  Kharkiv  Dnipropetrovsk  Odesa  Kherson  Zaporizhzhia  Donetsk  Crimea  Luhansk Kyiv City Sevastopol • •
Autonomous Republic of Crimea
Volyn  Rivne  Zhytomyr  Kyiv  Khmeln-ytskyi  Lviv  Ternopil  Ivano-Frankivsk  Zakarpattia  Chernivtsi  Vinnytsia  Cherkasy  Kirovohrad  Mykolaiv  Poltava  Chernihiv  Sumy  Kharkiv  Dnipropetrovsk  Odesa  Kherson  Zaporizhzhia  Donetsk  Crimea  Luhansk Kyiv City Sevastopol • •
City of Kyiv City of Sevastopol
Volyn Rivne Zhytomyr Kyiv Khmeln-ytskyi Lviv Ternopil Ivano-Frankivsk Zakarpattia Chernivtsi Vinnytsia Cherkasy Kirovohrad Mykolaiv Poltava Chernihiv Sumy Kharkiv Dnipropetrovsk Odesa Kherson Zaporizhzhia Donetsk Crimea Luhansk Kyiv City Sevastopol • •
Oblasts
mw- Cherkasy Chernihiv Chernivtsi Dnipropetrovsk Donetsk Ivano-Frankivsk Kharkiv Kherson Khmelnytskyi Kyiv Kirovohrad Luhansk Lviv Mykolaiv Odesa Poltava Rivne Sumy Ternopil Vinnytsia Volyn Zakarpattia Zaporizhzhia Zhytomyr
Autonomous republic
Cities with special status
Autonomous Republic of Crimea
City of Kyiv City of Sevastopol

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  2. Ukraine also has a battlefront to its southeast with territory illegally occupied and annexed from it by Russia.
  3. Which also has the unrecognised breakaway state Transnistria.
  4. The Ukrainian territories on the Sea of Azov have been occupied and annexed by Russia in 2022, but the annexation has be
  5. These figures are likely to be much higher, as they do not include Ukrainians of other nationalities or Ukrainian Jews,
  6. This figure excludes POW deaths.
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    https://web.archive.org/web/20080115053121/https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-30127/Ukraine
  447. Viva Fitness
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  448. "Usyk ends Joshua's reign as heavyweight champ"
    https://apnews.com/article/sports-boxing-anthony-joshua-wladimir-klitschko-evander-holyfield-3b9a7b202d5de124e4c2fee4298df8d4
  449. ESPN.com
    http://www.espn.com/boxing/story/_/id/23519498/espn-boxing-pound-pound-rankings-vasiliy-lomachenko-no-1
  450. Official website of the Olympic Movement
    http://www.olympic.org/mr-sergey-bubka
  451. "Track and Field Athlete of the Year"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110511100602/http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/archive/aoy.html
  452. "Legion XIII dominate Ukrainian season"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20171201182718/http://www.rlef.eu.com/news/article/1480/legion-xiii-dominate-ukrainian-season
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