UEFA Champions League

The UEFA Champions League (UCL), usually known simply as the Champions League, is an annual club association football competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) that is contested by top-division European clubs. The competition begins with a round robin league phase to qualify for the double-legged knockout rounds, and a single-leg final. It is the most-watched club competition in the world and the third most-watched football competition overall, behind only the FIFA World Cup and the UEFA European Championship. It is one of the most prestigious football tournaments in the world and the most prestigious club competition in European football, played by the national league champions (and, for some nations, one or more runners-up) of their national associations. Introduced in 1955 as the European Champion Clubs' Cup (French: Coupe des Clubs Champions Européens), and commonly known as the European Cup, it was initially a straight knockout tournament open only to the champions of Europe's domestic leagues, with its winner reckoned as the European club champion. The competition took on its current name in 1992, adding a round-robin group stage in 1991 and allowing multiple entrants from certain countries since the 1997–98 season. While only the winners of many of Europe's national leagues can enter the competition, the top 5 leagues by coefficient provide four teams each by default, with a possibility for additional spots based on performance during the previous season. Clubs that finish below the qualifying spots are eligible for the second-tier UEFA Europa League competition, and since 2021, for the third-tier UEFA Conference League. In its present format, the Champions League begins in early July with three qualifying rounds and a play-off round, all played over two legs. The seven surviving teams enter the league phase, joining 29 teams qualified in advance. The 36 teams each play eight opponents, four home and four away. The 24 highest-ranked teams proceed to the knockout phase that culminates with the final match in late May or early June. The winner of the Champions League automatically qualifies for the following year's Champions League, the UEFA Super Cup, the FIFA Intercontinental Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup. Spanish clubs have the most victories (20 wins), followed by England (15 wins), Italy (12 wins), Germany (8 wins), Netherlands (6 wins) and Portugal (4 wins). England has the most winning teams, with six clubs having won the title. The competition has been won by 24 clubs and 13 of them have won it more than once. Since the tournament changed name and structure in 1992, only two top-tier football clubs outside the Big Five European nations (Spain, England, Italy, Germany and France) have also reached the final: Porto (2003–04) and Ajax (1994–95 and 1995–96). Real Madrid is the most successful club in the tournament's history, having won it 15 times. Madrid is the only club to have won it five times in a row (the first five editions). Only one club has won all of their matches in a single tournament en route to the tournament victory: Bayern Munich in the 2019–20 season. Paris Saint-Germain are the current European champions, having beaten Inter Milan 5–0 in the 2025 final for their first ever title.

Infobox

Organiser(s)

UEFA

Founded

1955; 70 years ago (1955)(rebranded in 1992)

Region

Europe

Teams

mw- 36 (league phase)81 (total)

Qualifier for

UEFA Super CupFIFA Intercontinental CupFIFA Club World Cup

Related competitions

UEFA Europa League (2nd tier)UEFA Conference League(3rd tier)UEFA Youth League(Youth competition)

Current champions

Paris Saint-Germain(1st title)

Most championships

Real Madrid (15 titles)

Broadcasters

List of broadcasters

Website

uefa.com/uefachampionsleague

Tables

WinnersEuropean Cup / UEFA Champions League · History

European Cup

Season

European Cup

1955–56

Season

1955–56

Winners

Real Madrid

1956–57

Season

1956–57

Winners

Real Madrid (2)

1957–58

Season

1957–58

Winners

Real Madrid (3)

1958–59

Season

1958–59

Winners

Real Madrid (4)

1959–60

Season

1959–60

Winners

Real Madrid (5)

1960–61

Season

1960–61

Winners

Benfica

1961–62

Season

1961–62

Winners

Benfica (2)

1962–63

Season

1962–63

Winners

AC Milan

1963–64

Season

1963–64

Winners

Inter Milan

1964–65

Season

1964–65

Winners

Inter Milan (2)

1965–66

Season

1965–66

Winners

Real Madrid (6)

1966–67

Season

1966–67

Winners

Celtic

1967–68

Season

1967–68

Winners

Manchester United

1968–69

Season

1968–69

Winners

AC Milan (2)

1969–70

Season

1969–70

Winners

Feyenoord

1970–71

Season

1970–71

Winners

Ajax

1971–72

Season

1971–72

Winners

Ajax (2)

1972–73

Season

1972–73

Winners

Ajax (3)

1973–74

Season

1973–74

Winners

Bayern Munich

1974–75

Season

1974–75

Winners

Bayern Munich (2)

1975–76

Season

1975–76

Winners

Bayern Munich (3)

1976–77

Season

1976–77

Winners

Liverpool

1977–78

Season

1977–78

Winners

Liverpool (2)

1978–79

Season

1978–79

Winners

Nottingham Forest

1979–80

Season

1979–80

Winners

Nottingham Forest (2)

1980–81

Season

1980–81

Winners

Liverpool (3)

1981–82

Season

1981–82

Winners

Aston Villa

1982–83

Season

1982–83

Winners

Hamburger SV

1983–84

Season

1983–84

Winners

Liverpool (4)

1984–85

Season

1984–85

Winners

Juventus

1985–86

Season

1985–86

Winners

Steaua București

1986–87

Season

1986–87

Winners

Porto

1987–88

Season

1987–88

Winners

PSV Eindhoven

1988–89

Season

1988–89

Winners

AC Milan (3)

1989–90

Season

1989–90

Winners

AC Milan (4)

1990–91

Season

1990–91

Winners

Red Star Belgrade

1991–92

Season

1991–92

Winners

Barcelona

UEFA Champions League

Season

UEFA Champions League

1992–93

Season

1992–93

Winners

Marseille

1993–94

Season

1993–94

Winners

AC Milan (5)

1994–95

Season

1994–95

Winners

Ajax (4)

1995–96

Season

1995–96

Winners

Juventus (2)

1996–97

Season

1996–97

Winners

Borussia Dortmund

1997–98

Season

1997–98

Winners

Real Madrid (7)

1998–99

Season

1998–99

Winners

Manchester United (2)

1999–2000

Season

1999–2000

Winners

Real Madrid (8)

2000–01

Season

2000–01

Winners

Bayern Munich (4)

2001–02

Season

2001–02

Winners

Real Madrid (9)

2002–03

Season

2002–03

Winners

AC Milan (6)

2003–04

Season

2003–04

Winners

Porto (2)

2004–05

Season

2004–05

Winners

Liverpool (5)

2005–06

Season

2005–06

Winners

Barcelona (2)

2006–07

Season

2006–07

Winners

AC Milan (7)

2007–08

Season

2007–08

Winners

Manchester United (3)

2008–09

Season

2008–09

Winners

Barcelona (3)

2009–10

Season

2009–10

Winners

Inter Milan (3)

2010–11

Season

2010–11

Winners

Barcelona (4)

2011–12

Season

2011–12

Winners

Chelsea

2012–13

Season

2012–13

Winners

Bayern Munich (5)

2013–14

Season

2013–14

Winners

Real Madrid (10)

2014–15

Season

2014–15

Winners

Barcelona (5)

2015–16

Season

2015–16

Winners

Real Madrid (11)

2016–17

Season

2016–17

Winners

Real Madrid (12)

2017–18

Season

2017–18

Winners

Real Madrid (13)

2018–19

Season

2018–19

Winners

Liverpool (6)

2019–20

Season

2019–20

Winners

Bayern Munich (6)

2020–21

Season

2020–21

Winners

Chelsea (2)

2021–22

Season

2021–22

Winners

Real Madrid (14)

2022–23

Season

2022–23

Winners

Manchester City

2023–24

Season

2023–24

Winners

Real Madrid (15)

2024–25

Season

2024–25

Winners

Paris Saint-Germain

Season	Winners
European Cup
1955–56	Real Madrid
1956–57	Real Madrid (2)
1957–58	Real Madrid (3)
1958–59	Real Madrid (4)
1959–60	Real Madrid (5)
1960–61	Benfica
1961–62	Benfica (2)
1962–63	AC Milan
1963–64	Inter Milan
1964–65	Inter Milan (2)
1965–66	Real Madrid (6)
1966–67	Celtic
1967–68	Manchester United
1968–69	AC Milan (2)
1969–70	Feyenoord
1970–71	Ajax
1971–72	Ajax (2)
1972–73	Ajax (3)
1973–74	Bayern Munich
1974–75	Bayern Munich (2)
1975–76	Bayern Munich (3)
1976–77	Liverpool
1977–78	Liverpool (2)
1978–79	Nottingham Forest
1979–80	Nottingham Forest (2)
1980–81	Liverpool (3)
1981–82	Aston Villa
1982–83	Hamburger SV
1983–84	Liverpool (4)
1984–85	Juventus
1985–86	Steaua București
1986–87	Porto
1987–88	PSV Eindhoven
1988–89	AC Milan (3)
1989–90	AC Milan (4)
1990–91	Red Star Belgrade
1991–92	Barcelona
UEFA Champions League
1992–93	Marseille
1993–94	AC Milan (5)
1994–95	Ajax (4)
1995–96	Juventus (2)
1996–97	Borussia Dortmund
1997–98	Real Madrid (7)
1998–99	Manchester United (2)
1999–2000	Real Madrid (8)
2000–01	Bayern Munich (4)
2001–02	Real Madrid (9)

Access list for UEFA Champions League from 2024−25 season[93] · Format › Distribution

First qualifying round(32 teams)

Col 1

First qualifying round(32 teams)

Col 2

32 champions from associations 23–55 (except Liechtenstein)

Second qualifying round

Col 1

Second qualifying round

Col 2

Champions Path(24 teams)

Teams entering in this round

8 champions from associations 15–22

Teams advancing from the previous round

16 winners from the first qualifying round

League Path(6 teams)

Col 1

League Path(6 teams)

Col 2

6 runners-up from associations 10–15

Third qualifying round

Col 1

Third qualifying round

Col 2

Champions Path(12 teams)

Teams advancing from the previous round

12 winners from the second qualifying round (Champions Path)

League Path(8 teams)

Col 1

League Path(8 teams)

Col 2

3 runners-up from associations 7–9 1 third-placed team from association 6 1 fourth-placed team from association 5

Teams entering in this round

3 winners from the second qualifying round (League Path)

Play-off round

Col 1

Play-off round

Col 2

Champions Path(10 teams)

Teams entering in this round

4 champions from associations 11–14

Teams advancing from the previous round

6 winners from the third qualifying round (Champions Path)

League Path(4 teams)

Col 1

League Path(4 teams)

Teams entering in this round

4 winners from the third qualifying round (League Path)

League phase(36 teams)

Col 1

League phase(36 teams)

Col 2

UEFA Champions League title holders UEFA Europa League title holders 10 champions from associations 1–10 6 runners-up from associations 1–6 5 third-placed teams from associations 1–5 4 fourth-placed teams from associations 1–4 2 teams from associations with the highest 1-year association coefficient

Teams entering in this round

5 winners from the play-off round (Champions Path) 2 winners from the play-off round (League Path)

Preliminary knockout round(16 teams)

Col 1

Preliminary knockout round(16 teams)

Teams entering in this round

16 teams ranked from 9−24 in league phase

Knockout phase(16 teams)

Col 1

Knockout phase(16 teams)

Teams entering in this round

8 Winners from previous play-off 8 Teams ranked from 1−8 in league phase

		Teams entering in this round	Teams advancing from the previous round
First qualifying round(32 teams)		32 champions from associations 23–55 (except Liechtenstein)
Second qualifying round	Champions Path(24 teams)	8 champions from associations 15–22	16 winners from the first qualifying round
Second qualifying round	League Path(6 teams)	6 runners-up from associations 10–15
Third qualifying round	Champions Path(12 teams)		12 winners from the second qualifying round (Champions Path)
Third qualifying round	League Path(8 teams)	3 runners-up from associations 7–9 1 third-placed team from association 6 1 fourth-placed team from association 5	3 winners from the second qualifying round (League Path)
Play-off round	Champions Path(10 teams)	4 champions from associations 11–14	6 winners from the third qualifying round (Champions Path)
Play-off round	League Path(4 teams)		4 winners from the third qualifying round (League Path)
League phase(36 teams)		UEFA Champions League title holders UEFA Europa League title holders 10 champions from associations 1–10 6 runners-up from associations 1–6 5 third-placed teams from associations 1–5 4 fourth-placed teams from associations 1–4 2 teams from associations with the highest 1-year association coefficient	5 winners from the play-off round (Champions Path) 2 winners from the play-off round (League Path)
Preliminary knockout round(16 teams)			16 teams ranked from 9−24 in league phase
Knockout phase(16 teams)			8 Winners from previous play-off 8 Teams ranked from 1−8 in league phase

Performances in the European Cup and UEFA Champions League by club · Team records and statistics › Performance by club

Real Madrid

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Real Madrid

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022, 2024

Seasons runner-up

1962, 1964, 1981

Milan

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1963, 1969, 1989, 1990, 1994, 2003, 2007

Seasons runner-up

1958, 1993, 1995, 2005

Bayern Munich

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1974, 1975, 1976, 2001, 2013, 2020

Seasons runner-up

1982, 1987, 1999, 2010, 2012

Liverpool

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, 2005, 2019

Seasons runner-up

1985, 2007, 2018, 2022

Barcelona

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1992, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015

Seasons runner-up

1961, 1986, 1994

Ajax

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1971, 1972, 1973, 1995

Seasons runner-up

1969, 1996

Inter Milan

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1964, 1965, 2010

Seasons runner-up

1967, 1972, 2023, 2025

Manchester United

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1968, 1999, 2008

Seasons runner-up

2009, 2011

Juventus

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1985, 1996

Seasons runner-up

1973, 1983, 1997, 1998, 2003, 2015, 2017

Benfica

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1961, 1962

Seasons runner-up

1963, 1965, 1968, 1988, 1990

Chelsea

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

2012, 2021

Seasons runner-up

2008

Nottingham Forest

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1979, 1980

Seasons runner-up

—

Porto

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1987, 2004

Seasons runner-up

—

Borussia Dortmund

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1997

Seasons runner-up

2013, 2024

Celtic

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1967

Seasons runner-up

1970

Hamburger SV

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1983

Seasons runner-up

1980

Steaua București

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1986

Seasons runner-up

1989

Marseille

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1993

Seasons runner-up

1991

Manchester City

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

2023

Seasons runner-up

2021

Paris Saint-Germain

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

2025

Seasons runner-up

2020

Feyenoord

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1970

Seasons runner-up

—

Aston Villa

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1982

Seasons runner-up

—

PSV Eindhoven

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1988

Seasons runner-up

—

Red Star Belgrade

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

1991

Seasons runner-up

—

Atlético Madrid

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

—

Seasons runner-up

1974, 2014, 2016

Reims

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

—

Seasons runner-up

1956, 1959

Valencia

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

—

Seasons runner-up

2000, 2001

Fiorentina

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

—

Seasons runner-up

1957

Eintracht Frankfurt

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

—

Seasons runner-up

1960

Partizan

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

—

Seasons runner-up

1966

Panathinaikos

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

—

Seasons runner-up

1971

Leeds United

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

—

Seasons runner-up

1975

Saint-Étienne

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

—

Seasons runner-up

1976

Borussia Mönchengladbach

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

—

Seasons runner-up

1977

Club Brugge

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

—

Seasons runner-up

1978

Malmö FF

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

—

Seasons runner-up

1979

Roma

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

—

Seasons runner-up

1984

Sampdoria

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

—

Seasons runner-up

1992

Bayer Leverkusen

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

—

Seasons runner-up

2002

Monaco

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

—

Seasons runner-up

2004

Arsenal

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

—

Seasons runner-up

2006

Tottenham Hotspur

Title(s)

Runners-up

Seasons won

—

Seasons runner-up

2019

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Real Madrid	15	3	1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022, 2024	1962, 1964, 1981
Milan	7	4	1963, 1969, 1989, 1990, 1994, 2003, 2007	1958, 1993, 1995, 2005
Bayern Munich	6	5	1974, 1975, 1976, 2001, 2013, 2020	1982, 1987, 1999, 2010, 2012
Liverpool	6	4	1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, 2005, 2019	1985, 2007, 2018, 2022
Barcelona	5	3	1992, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015	1961, 1986, 1994
Ajax	4	2	1971, 1972, 1973, 1995	1969, 1996
Inter Milan	3	4	1964, 1965, 2010	1967, 1972, 2023, 2025
Manchester United	3	2	1968, 1999, 2008	2009, 2011
Juventus	2	7	1985, 1996	1973, 1983, 1997, 1998, 2003, 2015, 2017
Benfica	2	5	1961, 1962	1963, 1965, 1968, 1988, 1990
Chelsea	2	1	2012, 2021	2008
Nottingham Forest	2	0	1979, 1980	—
Porto	2	0	1987, 2004	—
Borussia Dortmund	1	2	1997	2013, 2024
Celtic	1	1	1967	1970
Hamburger SV	1	1	1983	1980
Steaua București	1	1	1986	1989
Marseille	1	1	1993	1991
Manchester City	1	1	2023	2021
Paris Saint-Germain	1	1	2025	2020
Feyenoord	1	0	1970	—
Aston Villa	1	0	1982	—
PSV Eindhoven	1	0	1988	—
Red Star Belgrade	1	0	1991	—
Atlético Madrid	0	3	—	1974, 2014, 2016
Reims	0	2	—	1956, 1959
Valencia	0	2	—	2000, 2001
Fiorentina	0	1	—	1957
Eintracht Frankfurt	0	1	—	1960
Partizan	0	1	—	1966
Panathinaikos	0	1	—	1971
Leeds United	0	1	—	1975
Saint-Étienne	0	1	—	1976
Borussia Mönchengladbach	0	1	—	1977
Club Brugge	0	1	—	1978
Malmö FF	0	1	—	1979
Roma	0	1	—	1984
Sampdoria	0	1	—	1992
Bayer Leverkusen	0	1	—	2002
Monaco	0	1	—	2004
Arsenal	0	1	—	2006
Tottenham Hotspur	0	1	—	2019

Performances in finals by nation · Team records and statistics › Performances by nation

Spain

Nation

Spain

Title(s)

Runners-up

Total

England

Nation

England

Title(s)

Runners-up

Total

Italy

Nation

Italy

Title(s)

Runners-up

Total

Germany

Nation

Germany

Title(s)

Runners-up

Total

Netherlands

Nation

Netherlands

Title(s)

Runners-up

Total

Portugal

Nation

Portugal

Title(s)

Runners-up

Total

France

Nation

France

Title(s)

Runners-up

Total

Romania

Nation

Romania

Title(s)

Runners-up

Total

Scotland

Nation

Scotland

Title(s)

Runners-up

Total

Yugoslavia

Nation

Yugoslavia

Title(s)

Runners-up

Total

Belgium

Nation

Belgium

Title(s)

Runners-up

Total

Greece

Nation

Greece

Title(s)

Runners-up

Total

Sweden

Nation

Sweden

Title(s)

Runners-up

Total

Nation	Title(s)	Runners-up	Total
Spain	20	11	31
England	15	11	26
Italy	12	18	30
Germany	8	11	19
Netherlands	6	2	8
Portugal	4	5	9
France	2	6	8
Romania	1	1	2
Scotland	1	1	2
Yugoslavia	1	1	2
Belgium	0	1	1
Greece	0	1	1
Sweden	0	1	1

· Player records › Most wins

No. of wins

Player

Paco Gento

Club(s)

Real Madrid (1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966)

Toni Kroos

No. of wins

Toni Kroos

Player

Bayern Munich (2013)Real Madrid (2016, 2017, 2018, 2022, 2024)

Dani Carvajal

No. of wins

Dani Carvajal

Player

Real Madrid (2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022, 2024)

Luka Modrić

No. of wins

Luka Modrić

Nacho

No. of wins

Nacho

No. of wins

Player

Juan Alonso

Club(s)

Real Madrid (1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960)

Rafael Lesmes

No. of wins

Rafael Lesmes

Marquitos

No. of wins

Marquitos

Héctor Rial

No. of wins

Héctor Rial

Alfredo Di Stéfano

No. of wins

Alfredo Di Stéfano

José María Zárraga

No. of wins

José María Zárraga

Alessandro Costacurta

No. of wins

Alessandro Costacurta

Player

Milan (1989, 1990, 1994, 2003, 2007)

Paolo Maldini

No. of wins

Paolo Maldini

Cristiano Ronaldo

No. of wins

Cristiano Ronaldo

Player

Manchester United (2008)Real Madrid (2014, 2016, 2017, 2018)

Gareth Bale

No. of wins

Gareth Bale

Player

Real Madrid (2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022)

Karim Benzema

No. of wins

Karim Benzema

Casemiro

No. of wins

Casemiro

Marcelo

No. of wins

Marcelo

Lucas Vázquez

No. of wins

Lucas Vázquez

Player

Real Madrid (2016, 2017, 2018, 2022, 2024)

No. of wins

Player

Joseíto

Club(s)

Real Madrid (1956, 1957, 1958, 1959)

Enrique Mateos

No. of wins

Enrique Mateos

Player

Real Madrid (1957, 1958, 1959, 1960)

Juan Santisteban

No. of wins

Juan Santisteban

José Santamaría

No. of wins

José Santamaría

Player

Real Madrid (1958, 1959, 1960, 1966)

Phil Neal

No. of wins

Phil Neal

Player

Liverpool (1977, 1978, 1981, 1984)

Clarence Seedorf

No. of wins

Clarence Seedorf

Player

Ajax (1995)Real Madrid (1998)Milan (2003, 2007)

Andrés Iniesta

No. of wins

Andrés Iniesta

Player

Barcelona (2006, 2009, 2011, 2015)

Lionel Messi

No. of wins

Lionel Messi

Xavi

No. of wins

Xavi

Gerard Piqué

No. of wins

Gerard Piqué

Player

Manchester United (2008)Barcelona (2009, 2011, 2015)

Sergio Ramos

No. of wins

Sergio Ramos

Player

Real Madrid (2014, 2016, 2017, 2018)

Isco

No. of wins

Isco

Raphaël Varane

No. of wins

Raphaël Varane

Mateo Kovačić

No. of wins

Mateo Kovačić

Player

Real Madrid (2016, 2017, 2018) Chelsea (2021)

David Alaba

No. of wins

David Alaba

Player

Bayern Munich (2013, 2020)Real Madrid (2022, 2024)

No. of wins	Player	Club(s)
6	Paco Gento	Real Madrid (1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966)
	Toni Kroos	Bayern Munich (2013)Real Madrid (2016, 2017, 2018, 2022, 2024)
	Dani Carvajal	Real Madrid (2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022, 2024)
	Luka Modrić
	Nacho
5	Juan Alonso	Real Madrid (1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960)
	Rafael Lesmes
	Marquitos
	Héctor Rial
	Alfredo Di Stéfano
	José María Zárraga
	Alessandro Costacurta	Milan (1989, 1990, 1994, 2003, 2007)
	Paolo Maldini	Milan (1989, 1990, 1994, 2003, 2007)
	Cristiano Ronaldo	Manchester United (2008)Real Madrid (2014, 2016, 2017, 2018)
	Gareth Bale	Real Madrid (2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022)
	Karim Benzema
	Casemiro
	Marcelo
	Lucas Vázquez	Real Madrid (2016, 2017, 2018, 2022, 2024)
4	Joseíto	Real Madrid (1956, 1957, 1958, 1959)
	Enrique Mateos	Real Madrid (1957, 1958, 1959, 1960)
	Juan Santisteban	Real Madrid (1957, 1958, 1959, 1960)
	José Santamaría	Real Madrid (1958, 1959, 1960, 1966)
	Phil Neal	Liverpool (1977, 1978, 1981, 1984)
	Clarence Seedorf	Ajax (1995)Real Madrid (1998)Milan (2003, 2007)
	Andrés Iniesta	Barcelona (2006, 2009, 2011, 2015)
	Lionel Messi
	Xavi
	Gerard Piqué	Manchester United (2008)Barcelona (2009, 2011, 2015)
	Sergio Ramos	Real Madrid (2014, 2016, 2017, 2018)
	Isco
	Raphaël Varane
	Mateo Kovačić	Real Madrid (2016, 2017, 2018) Chelsea (2021)
	David Alaba	Bayern Munich (2013, 2020)Real Madrid (2022, 2024)

· Player records › Most appearances

Rank

Player

Cristiano Ronaldo

Nation

Portugal

Apps

183

Years

2003–2022

Club(s) (Apps)

Manchester United (59), Real Madrid (101), Juventus (23)

Rank

Player

Iker Casillas

Nation

Spain

Apps

177

Years

1999–2019

Club(s) (Apps)

Real Madrid (150), Porto (27)

Rank

Player

Lionel Messi

Nation

Argentina

Apps

163

Years

2004–2023

Club(s) (Apps)

Barcelona (149), Paris Saint-Germain (14)

Thomas Müller

Rank

Thomas Müller

Player

Germany

Nation

2009–2025

Apps

Bayern Munich

Rank

Player

Manuel Neuer

Nation

Germany

Apps

156

Years

2007–

Club(s) (Apps)

Schalke 04 (22), Bayern Munich (134)

Rank

Player

Karim Benzema

Nation

France

Apps

152

Years

2005–2023

Club(s) (Apps)

Lyon (19), Real Madrid (133)

Rank

Player

Xavi

Nation

Spain

Apps

151

Years

1998–2015

Club(s) (Apps)

Barcelona

Toni Kroos

Rank

Toni Kroos

Player

Germany

Nation

2008–2024

Apps

Bayern Munich (41), Real Madrid (110)

Rank

Player

Raúl

Nation

Spain

Apps

142

Years

1995–2011

Club(s) (Apps)

Real Madrid (130), Schalke 04 (12)

Sergio Ramos

Rank

Sergio Ramos

Player

Spain

Nation

2005–2023

Apps

Real Madrid (129), Paris Saint-Germain (8), Sevilla (5)

Luka Modrić

Rank

Luka Modrić

Player

Croatia

Nation

2010–2025

Apps

Tottenham Hotspur (8), Real Madrid (134)

Rank	Player	Nation	Apps	Years	Club(s) (Apps)
1	Cristiano Ronaldo	Portugal	183	2003–2022	Manchester United (59), Real Madrid (101), Juventus (23)
2	Iker Casillas	Spain	177	1999–2019	Real Madrid (150), Porto (27)
3	Lionel Messi	Argentina	163	2004–2023	Barcelona (149), Paris Saint-Germain (14)
3	Thomas Müller	Germany	163	2009–2025	Bayern Munich
5	Manuel Neuer	Germany	156	2007–	Schalke 04 (22), Bayern Munich (134)
6	Karim Benzema	France	152	2005–2023	Lyon (19), Real Madrid (133)
7	Xavi	Spain	151	1998–2015	Barcelona
7	Toni Kroos	Germany	151	2008–2024	Bayern Munich (41), Real Madrid (110)
9	Raúl	Spain	142	1995–2011	Real Madrid (130), Schalke 04 (12)
	Sergio Ramos	Spain		2005–2023	Real Madrid (129), Paris Saint-Germain (8), Sevilla (5)
	Luka Modrić	Croatia		2010–2025	Tottenham Hotspur (8), Real Madrid (134)

· Player records › Most goals

Rank

Player

Cristiano Ronaldo

Goals

140

Apps

183

Ratio

0.77

Years

2003–2022

Club(s) (Goals/Apps)

Manchester United (21/59), Real Madrid (105/101), Juventus (14/23)

Rank

Player

Lionel Messi

Goals

129

Apps

163

Ratio

0.79

Years

2005–2023

Club(s) (Goals/Apps)

Barcelona (120/149), Paris Saint-Germain (9/14)

Rank

Player

Robert Lewandowski

Goals

105

Apps

138

Ratio

0.76

Years

2011–

Club(s) (Goals/Apps)

Borussia Dortmund (17/28), Bayern Munich (69/78), Barcelona (19/32)

Rank

Player

Karim Benzema

Goals

Apps

152

Ratio

0.59

Years

2005–2023

Club(s) (Goals/Apps)

Lyon (12/19), Real Madrid (78/133)

Rank

Player

Raúl

Goals

Apps

142

Ratio

0.50

Years

1995–2011

Club(s) (Goals/Apps)

Real Madrid (66/130), Schalke 04 (5/12)

Rank

Player

Kylian Mbappé

Goals

Apps

Ratio

0.7

Years

2016–

Club(s) (Goals/Apps)

Monaco (6/9), Paris Saint-Germain (42/64), Real Madrid (16/19)

Rank

Player

Thomas Müller

Goals

Apps

163

Ratio

0.35

Years

2009–2025

Club(s) (Goals/Apps)

Bayern Munich

Rank

Player

Ruud van Nistelrooy

Goals

Apps

Ratio

0.77

Years

1998–2009

Club(s) (Goals/Apps)

PSV Eindhoven (8/11), Manchester United (35/43), Real Madrid (13/19)

Rank

Player

Erling Haaland

Goals

Apps

Ratio

1.02

Years

2019–

Club(s) (Goals/Apps)

Red Bull Salzburg (8/6), Borussia Dortmund (15/13), Manchester City (32/35)

Rank

Player

Thierry Henry

Goals

Apps

112

Ratio

0.45

Years

1997–2012

Club(s) (Goals/Apps)

Monaco (7/9), Arsenal (35/77), Barcelona (8/26)

Rank	Player	Goals	Apps	Ratio	Years	Club(s) (Goals/Apps)
1	Cristiano Ronaldo	140	183	0.77	2003–2022	Manchester United (21/59), Real Madrid (105/101), Juventus (14/23)
2	Lionel Messi	129	163	0.79	2005–2023	Barcelona (120/149), Paris Saint-Germain (9/14)
3	Robert Lewandowski	105	138	0.76	2011–	Borussia Dortmund (17/28), Bayern Munich (69/78), Barcelona (19/32)
4	Karim Benzema	90	152	0.59	2005–2023	Lyon (12/19), Real Madrid (78/133)
5	Raúl	71	142	0.50	1995–2011	Real Madrid (66/130), Schalke 04 (5/12)
6	Kylian Mbappé	64	92	0.7	2016–	Monaco (6/9), Paris Saint-Germain (42/64), Real Madrid (16/19)
7	Thomas Müller	57	163	0.35	2009–2025	Bayern Munich
8	Ruud van Nistelrooy	56	73	0.77	1998–2009	PSV Eindhoven (8/11), Manchester United (35/43), Real Madrid (13/19)
9	Erling Haaland	55	54	1.02	2019–	Red Bull Salzburg (8/6), Borussia Dortmund (15/13), Manchester City (32/35)
10	Thierry Henry	50	112	0.45	1997–2012	Monaco (7/9), Arsenal (35/77), Barcelona (8/26)

· Player records › Most assists

Rank

Player

Cristiano Ronaldo

Assists

Apps

183

Ratio

0.23

Years

2003–2022

Club(s) (Assists/Apps)

Manchester United, Real Madrid, Juventus

Rank

Player

Ángel Di María

Assists

Apps

116

Ratio

0.35

Years

2010–2025

Club(s) (Assists/Apps)

Real Madrid, Paris Saint Germain, Juventus, Benfica

Rank

Player

Lionel Messi

Assists

Apps

163

Ratio

0.25

Years

2005–2023

Club(s) (Assists/Apps)

Barcelona, Paris Saint Germain

Rank

Player

Neymar

Assists

Apps

Ratio

0.41

Years

2013–2023

Club(s) (Assists/Apps)

Barcelona, Paris Saint Germain

Rank

Player

Kevin De Bruyne

Assists

Apps

Ratio

0.37

Years

2011–

Club(s) (Assists/Apps)

Genk, Chelsea, Manchester City, Napoli

Ryan Giggs

Rank

Ryan Giggs

Player

141

Assists

0.22

Apps

1990–2014

Ratio

Manchester United

Rank

Player

Xavi

Assists

Apps

151

Ratio

0.20

Years

1998–2015

Club(s) (Assists/Apps)

Barcelona

Thomas Müller

Rank

Thomas Müller

Player

160

Assists

0.19

Apps

2009–2025

Ratio

Bayern Munich

Rank

Player

Andrés Iniesta

Assists

Apps

130

Ratio

0.22

Years

2002–2018

Club(s) (Assists/Apps)

Barcelona

Karim Benzema

Rank

Karim Benzema

Player

152

Assists

0.19

Apps

2005-2023

Ratio

Lyon, Real Madrid

Rank	Player	Assists	Apps	Ratio	Years	Club(s) (Assists/Apps)
1	Cristiano Ronaldo	42	183	0.23	2003–2022	Manchester United, Real Madrid, Juventus
2	Ángel Di María	41	116	0.35	2010–2025	Real Madrid, Paris Saint Germain, Juventus, Benfica
3	Lionel Messi	40	163	0.25	2005–2023	Barcelona, Paris Saint Germain
4	Neymar	33	81	0.41	2013–2023	Barcelona, Paris Saint Germain
5	Kevin De Bruyne	31	79	0.37	2011–	Genk, Chelsea, Manchester City, Napoli
5	Ryan Giggs	31	141	0.22	1990–2014	Manchester United
7	Xavi	30	151	0.20	1998–2015	Barcelona
7	Thomas Müller	30	160	0.19	2009–2025	Bayern Munich
9	Andrés Iniesta	29	130	0.22	2002–2018	Barcelona
9	Karim Benzema	29	152	0.19	2005-2023	Lyon, Real Madrid

UEFA Champions League Player of the Season · Awards › Player of the Season

2021–22

Season

2021–22

Player

Karim Benzema

Club

Real Madrid

2022–23

Season

2022–23

Player

Rodri

Club

Manchester City

2023–24

Season

2023–24

Player

Vinícius Júnior

Club

Real Madrid

2024–25

Season

2024–25

Player

Ousmane Dembélé

Club

Paris Saint-Germain

Season	Player	Club
2021–22	Karim Benzema	Real Madrid
2022–23	Rodri	Manchester City
2023–24	Vinícius Júnior	Real Madrid
2024–25	Ousmane Dembélé	Paris Saint-Germain

UEFA Champions League Young Player of the Season · Awards › Young Player of the Season

2021–22

Season

2021–22

Player

Vinícius Júnior

Club

Real Madrid

2022–23

Season

2022–23

Player

Khvicha Kvaratskhelia

Club

Napoli

2023–24

Season

2023–24

Player

Jude Bellingham

Club

Real Madrid

2024–25

Season

2024–25

Player

Désiré Doué

Club

Paris Saint-Germain

Season	Player	Club
2021–22	Vinícius Júnior	Real Madrid
2022–23	Khvicha Kvaratskhelia	Napoli
2023–24	Jude Bellingham	Real Madrid
2024–25	Désiré Doué	Paris Saint-Germain

References

Includes clubs representing West Germany. No clubs representing East Germany appeared in a final.
Both Yugoslav final appearances were by clubs from SR Serbia
UEFA.com
https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/
UEFA.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20240401113857/https://documents.uefa.com/r/Regulations-of-the-UEFA-Champions-League-2024/25/Annex-A-Access-List-for-the-2024/25-UEFA-Club-Competitions-Online
UEFA.com
https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0275-152ea803235f-f90ebb18192d-1000--do-uefa-europa-league-winners-atalanta-automatically-quali/
UEFA.com
https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/028a-1a386150ed4b-322dff667686-1000--2024-25-uefa-champions-league-bologna-and-dortmund-secure-/
"UEFA Executive Committee approves new club competition"
https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/024c-0e9941616a90-f26bd21de788-1000--uefa-executive-committee-approves-new-club-competition/
UEFA.com
https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/fixtures-results/
UEFA.com
https://www.uefa.com/uefasupercup/history/
"FIFA Club World Cup"
https://www.fifa.com/clubworldcup/
Deccan Herald
https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/football/uefa-champions-league-a-country-wise-look-at-the-winners-of-europes-premier-club-competition-3032185#8
"European Champions' Cup"
https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/ec1.html
UEFA.com
https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/winners/
Goal.com
https://www.goal.com/en/news/a-perfect-11-flawless-bayern-set-new-champions-league-record/euc3smeomuej1nmdy0wy7xzpn
FRANCE 24
https://www.france24.com/en/france/20250531-paris-psg-champions-league
Nutmeg Magazine
https://www.nutmegmagazine.co.uk/issue-5/when-sunderland-met-hearts-in-the-first-ever-champions-league-match/
"Austria/Habsburg Monarchy – Challenge Cup 1897–1911"
https://www.rsssf.org/tableso/oost-habs-challenge.html
europeancuphistory.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20211105155959/http://www.europeancuphistory.com/origins.html
RSSSF
https://www.rsssf.org/tablesc/coupe-vdsp.html
"Mitropa Cup"
https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/mit.html
"Coupe des Nations 1930"
https://www.rsssf.org/tablesc/coupedesnations30.html
"Latin Cup"
https://www.rsssf.org/tablesl/latin.html
Primeira Libertadores – História (Globo Esporte 09/02/20.l.08)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86xAxuxomoo
UEFA.com
https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/024e-0f8e67f5343f-bd5cbc754de5-1000--european-cup-pioneer-jacques-ferran-passes-away/
Globo Esporte
https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052701/http://globotv.globo.com/globocom/liga-dos-campeoes-da-uefa/v/especial-liga-dos-campeoes-completa-60-anos-e-neymar-ajuda-a-contar-essa-historia/4168641/
UEFA.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20110924091727/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=1955/index.html
"European Champions' Cup 1955–56 – Details"
https://www.rsssf.org/ec/ec195556det.html
"Trofeos de Fútbol"
http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091003154110/http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/es/Club/1193040475224/PalmaresTotal/Palmares.htm
UEFA.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20110924071336/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=1956/index.html
"Champions' Cup 1956–57"
https://www.rsssf.org/ec/ec195657det.html
UEFA.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20110924061512/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=1957/index.html
"Champions' Cup 1957–58"
https://www.rsssf.org/ec/ec195758det.html
UEFA.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20110917155319/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=1958/index.html
"Champions' Cup 1958–59"
https://www.rsssf.org/ec/ec195859det.html
UEFA.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20110924061517/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=1959/index.html
"Champions' Cup 1959–60"
https://www.rsssf.org/ec/ec195960det.html
UEFA.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20110924061523/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=1960/index.html
"Champions' Cup 1960–61"
https://www.rsssf.org/ec/ec196061det.html
"Anos 60: A "década de ouro""
https://web.archive.org/web/20071005111812/http://www.slbenfica.pt/Clube/Historia/DecadaaDecada/Decada60/decada60.asp
UEFA.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20110924091733/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=1961/index.html
"Champions' Cup 1961–62"
https://www.rsssf.org/ec/ec196162det.html
UEFA.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20110924080456/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=1962/index.html
"Champions' Cup 1962–63"
https://www.rsssf.org/ec/ec196263det.html
"Coppa Campioni 1962/63"
http://www.acmilan.com/it/club/palmares/cdc1962_63
UEFA.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20110924091738/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=1963/index.html
"Champions' Cup 1963–64"
https://www.rsssf.org/ec/ec196364det.html
"Palmares: Prima coppa dei campioni – 1963/64"
https://web.archive.org/web/20060518034450/http://www.inter.it/aas/palmares/vitt?L=it&IDV=14
UEFA.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20110918123515/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=1964/index.html
"Champions' Cup 1964–65"
https://www.rsssf.org/ec/ec196465det.html
"Palmares: Prima coppa dei campioni – 1964/65"
https://web.archive.org/web/20060518034512/http://www.inter.it/aas/palmares/vitt?L=it&IDV=15
BBC Scotland
https://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/sportscotland/asportingnation/article/0045/print.shtml
Sports Illustrated
https://web.archive.org/web/20120111162522/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/news/2003/05/20/celtic_history/
Now You Know Soccer
https://archive.org/details/nowyouknowsoccer0000lenn
UEFA.com
https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/62426--man-united-vs-benfica/
UEFA.com
https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/62526--milan-vs-ajax/
UEFA Champions League
https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/62614--feyenoord-vs-milan/
UEFA Champions League
https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/62801--feyenoord-vs-celtic/
UEFA.com
https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/63031--ajax-vs-panathinaikos/
RSSSF
https://www.rsssf.org/ec/ec197071det.html
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https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/t/t1969-70.html
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https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/champions-league-final-full-list-of-all-ucl-and-european-cup-winners-as-chelsea-man-city-try-to-make-history/
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https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=2d4KVnVuRDY
UEFA.com
https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/022d-0e1636f1244a-c916aa410dad-1000--champions-league-anthem/
Media, democracy and European culture
https://books.google.com/books?id=TAQDxYxQDU8C&pg=PA129
"What is the Champions League music? The lyrics and history of one of football's most famous songs"
https://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/tv/what-champions-league-music-lyrics-13133370
Signifying Europe
https://web.archive.org/web/20180210072345/https://www.intellectbooks.co.uk/MediaManager/File/7%20-%20Anthem.pdf
UEFA Champions League entrance music
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz0nhZfbhLQ
UEFA.com
https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/0245-0f8e60897b00-eadbfb0bfc6c-1000--2cellos-to-perform-uefa-champions-league-anthem-in-kyiv/
UEFA.com
https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/0251-0e99b52f226f-9a8ee59428cb-1000--asturia-girls-to-perform-uefa-champions-league-anthem-in-m/
Hungary today
https://hungarytoday.hu/hungarian-pianist-to-open-champions-league-final/
"Behind the Music: Champions League Anthem Remix with Hans Zimmer"
https://web.archive.org/web/20180628200253/https://www.easports.com/fifa/news/2018/hans-zimmer-champions-league-remix
International Review for the Sociology of Sport
https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1012690204045599
UEFA Champions League: Season Review 1998/9
UEFA.com
https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0257-0e994d4dc7ad-61a6d5d372dd-1000--champions-league-group-stage-league-phase-records-and-stati/
BBC Sport
https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/l/liverpool/4613695.stm
"New coefficient system"
https://web.archive.org/web/20080521053931/http://www.uefa.com/uefa/keytopics/kind%3D64/newsid%3D698237.html?cid=rssfeed&att=index
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/may/20/harry-redknapp-spurs-europa-league
"Added bonus for UEFA Europa League winners"
https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/0253-0d7eeaa6f83e-2abd852aed6e-1000--added-bonus-for-uefa-europa-league-winners/
"UEFA Access List 2015/18 with explanations"
http://kassiesa.net/uefafiles/2015-18-uefa-access-list-explanations.pdf
Goal.com
https://www.goal.com/en/news/champions-league-2018-19-explained-how-uefas-changes-impact-qualification-spots/1m5pkx9eax9021wegmgutisiti
ESPN
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The Daily Telegraph
https://web.archive.org/web/20071113232046/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2007/11/13/sfnuef113.xml
"Platini's Euro Cup plan rejected"
https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/7090646.stm
Goal.com
https://www.goal.com/en/news/uefa-announces-top-four-leagues-to-get-four-guaranteed-champions-/blt7fd4ffdcda3f7ba5
Diario AS
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Guardian
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Talksport
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Sky Sports
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Sporting News
https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/swiss-model-champions-league-uefa-debut-ucl-format-group-stage/a2d1e16bb0f0d24b364d4db4
CBSSports.com
https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/new-champions-league-format-explained-how-does-swiss-system-work-number-of-teams-league-phase/
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/football/article/2024/aug/28/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-new-swiss-model-champions-league
PremierLeague.com
https://www.premierleague.com/uefa-champions-league-explained
UEFA.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20110616163203/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/63/02/44/1630244_DOWNLOAD.pdf
"Bayern Munich beat Paris Saint-Germain to win Champions League"
https://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=573698
UEFA.com
https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/0275-151c779310c3-b92bbf0d24f9-1000--format-access-list-for-24-25-onwards-approved/
"How UEFA honours multiple European Cup winners"
https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0250-0c511b10d395-72f38b4cbce0-1000--how-uefa-honours-multiple-european-cup-winners/
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https://web.archive.org/web/20030424060610/http://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/19071.pdf
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https://web.archive.org/web/20120708134514/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/79/68/69/1796869_DOWNLOAD.pdf
"Distribution to clubs from the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, UEFA Conference League and the UEFA Super Cup for the 2024–27 cycle (2024/25 season)"
https://editorial.uefa.com/resources/028b-1a7880138a24-7a993e2e33d1-1000/20240322_circular_2024_13_en.pdf
Palco23
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Fiba Assist Magazine
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UEFA
https://web.archive.org/web/20150518101130/http://www.uefa.org/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/23/57/51/2235751_DOWNLOAD.pdf
SportBusiness
https://www.sportbusiness.com/news/uefa-offers-regional-champions-league-packages-in-china-us-using-virtual-led-ads/
"UEFA Circular Economy Guidelines"
https://editorial.uefa.com/resources/0287-19687e946432-280d53c9ac66-1000/uefa_circular_economy_guidelines_low_res.pdf
UEFA.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20210731031204/https://documents.uefa.com/r/4W_2d4J1wzeSliUijD1~kg/jT6ByA7x9dsfPye5Rz1z6w
UEFA Kit Regulations Edition 2012
https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Tech/uefaorg/General/01/75/63/78/1756378_DOWNLOAD.pdf
truecoloursfootballkits.com
http://www.truecoloursfootballkits.com/articles/an-alternative-to-alcohol
BBC Sport
https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/8490351.stm
Sportskeeda
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UEFA.com
https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0257-0e9a10f58015-92c648e6303d-1000--who-has-played-100-champions-league-games/
WorldFootball.net
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UEFA
https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0257-0e910cf2494a-5185150de9d4-1000--champions-league-all-time-top-scorers/
WorldFootball.net
https://web.archive.org/web/20200810171345/https://www.worldfootball.net/alltime_goalgetter/champions-league/tore/1/
UEFA
https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/rankings/players/assists/