-
/tɜːrkˈmɛnɪstæn/ ⓘ turk-MEN-ih-stan or /ˌtɜːrkmɛnɪˈstɑːn/ ⓘ TURK-men-ih-STAHN; Turkmen: Türkmenistan, .mw- .mw-parser-ou
-
Chronicles of Turkmenistan
https://en.hronikatm.com/2019/12/turkmenistan-is-the-motherland-of-neutrality-is-the-motto-of-2020/ -
"Turkmen parliament places Year 2020 under national motto "Turkmenistan – Homeland of Neutrality" – tpetroleum"
https://web.archive.org/web/20200608104205/https://turkmenpetroleum.com/en/2019/12/29/turkmen-parliament-places-year-2020-under-national-motto-turkmenistan-homeland-of-neutrality/ -
"Turkmenistan's Constitution of 2008"
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Turkmenistan_2008.pdf?lang=en -
www.stat.gov.tm
https://www.stat.gov.tm/en/population-census -
The Association of Religion Data Archives (the ARDA)
https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=227c -
The World Factbook
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/ -
"Dual Citizenship"
https://tm.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/dual-citizenship/ -
Human Rights & Human Welfare
https://web.archive.org/web/20200229235859/https://www.du.edu/korbel/hrhw/researchdigest/russia/totalitarianism.pdf -
Associated Press
https://apnews.com/article/politics-gurbanguly-berdimuhamedow-turkmenistan-a8e746a5bb9935323f3f52e193b54468 -
"Государственный комитет Туркменистана по статистике"
https://web.archive.org/web/20120107073046/http://www.stat.gov.tm/ru/content/info/turkmenistan/ -
""Ilat ýazuwy — 2022": Türkmenistanyň ilaty 7 million 57 müň 841 adama deň boldy | Jemgyýet"
https://turkmenportal.com/tm/blog/64479/ilat-yazuwy--2022-turkmenistanyn-ilaty-7-million-57-mun-841-adama-den-boldy -
"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025"
https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april -
"Human Development Report 2023/2024"
https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/TKM -
Turkmen Reference Grammar
-
Upstream Online
https://www.upstreamonline.com/politics/deep-water-friendship-turkmenistan-and-azerbaijan-bury-caspian-sea-hatchet/2-1-949189 -
unece.org
https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/WS3YamatovENG_0.pdf -
www.worldometers.info
https://www.worldometers.info/population/countries-in-asia-by-population/ -
Ethnologue
https://www.ethnologue.com/subgroups/turkmenian -
UNESCO-WHC
https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/886/ -
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/aug/12/lost-cities-merv-worlds-biggest-city-razed-turkmenistan -
BBC News
https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3007598.stm -
Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-centralasia-usa-kerry/kerry-reassures-afghanistans-neighbors-over-u-s-troop-drawdown-idUSKCN0SS0R720151103 -
RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
https://www.rferl.org/a/turkmenistan-serdar-berdymukhammedov-presidency/31753690.html -
Deutsche Welle
https://www.dw.com/en/turkmenistan-autocrat-presidents-son-claims-landslide-win/a-61128199 -
"BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2019"
https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2019-full-report.pdf -
Hürriyet Daily News
http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkmen-ruler-ends-free-power-gas-water-120631 -
turksoy.org
https://www.turksoy.org/en-US/history -
Daily Sabah
https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/turkmenistans-new-status-in-turkic-states-significant-development -
Early Türks: Essays on history and ideology
-
ar.wikisource.org
https://ar.wikisource.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9_%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2586%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A1_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A_%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B4%25D8%25B1 -
"Constitutional Law of Turkmenistan on independence and the fundamentals of the state organisation of Turkmenistan" Arch
http://www.turkmenlegaldatabase.info/ru/documents.download/id/22155.html -
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/28/world/independence-of-turkmenia-declared-after-a-referendum.html -
"Country Profile: Turkmenistan"
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Turkmenistan.pdf -
"Серахское сражение 1855 года (Историко-культурное наследие Туркменистана)"
http://www.turkmeniya.narod.ru/sarahs-battle.html -
Борьба за влияние в Персии. Дипломатическое противостояние России и Англии
https://books.google.com/books?id=BxE9B14dr84C&q=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD-%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2+1861&pg=PT138 -
"Campaigning on the Oxus, and the fall of Khiva"
https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/collections/campaigning-on-the-oxus-and-the-fall-of-khiva-by-ja-macgahan-correspondent#/?tab=about -
"О положении дел в Аму Дарьинском бассейне"
http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/Dokumenty/M.Asien/XIX/1860-1880/Russ_turkmenII/Razdel_III/39.htm -
Race and Nation: Ethnic Systems in the Modern World
https://books.google.com/books?id=C1G8xHAY5SUC -
The Indian Diaspora in Central Asia and Its Trade: 1550–1900
https://books.google.com/books?id=9qVkNBge8mIC&pg=PA68 -
"Ахалтекинские экспедиции (Историко-культурное наследие Туркменистана)"
http://www.turkmeniya.narod.ru/akhalteke-expeditions.html -
"История Ашхабада: время больших перемен"
https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/54304/istoriya-ashhabada-vremya-bolshih-peremen -
"Significant Earthquake Information"
https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/3891 -
Dismantling Totalitarianism? Turkmenistan under Berdimuhamedow
https://www.silkroadstudies.org/resources/pdf/SilkRoadPapers/2009_03_SRP_Horak-Sir_Turkmenistan-Berdimuhamedov.pdf -
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/feb/13/turkmenistan-president-wins-election?newsfeed=true -
"Turkmenistan, Apparently, Had an Election"
https://thediplomat.com/2017/02/turkmenistan-apparently-had-an-election/ -
AP NEWS
https://apnews.com/article/central-asia-asia-turkmenistan-presidential-elections-elections-3d13e95fe055bf53525141c351708488 -
www.aa.com.tr
https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/serdar-berdimuhamedov-sworn-in-as-turkmenistans-new-president/2540192 -
Turkmenistan Country Study Guide Volume 1
https://books.google.com/books?id=GzizDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30 -
"Turkmenistan"
https://web.archive.org/web/20160215140250/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2014/turkmenistan -
carnegie.ru
http://carnegie.ru/2017/05/22/ru-pub-70020 -
Chronicles of Turkmenistan
https://en.hronikatm.com/2018/01/turkmenistans-road-police-detain-vehicles-of-all-colours-except-white/ -
"Turkmenistan Bans All Non-White Cars From Capital"
https://www.motor1.com/news/226932/turkmenistan-president-bans-black-cars/ -
Trend News Agency
https://en.trend.az/casia/turkmenistan/3571398.html -
The Economist Intelligence Unit
http://country.eiu.com/article.aspx?articleid=487259232&Country=Turkmenistan&topic=Summary&subtopic=Political+structure -
www.idea.int
https://www.idea.int/democracytracker/country/turkmenistan -
www.idea.int
https://www.idea.int/democracytracker/gsod-indices -
www.idea.int
https://www.idea.int/democracytracker/ -
Cоздан высший представительный орган народной власти – Халк Маслахаты Туркменистана
https://web.archive.org/web/20230203132214/https://metbugat.gov.tm/newspaper/download?id=9681 -
Халк Маслахаты стал самостоятельным законодательным органом, а парламент однопалатным
https://rus.azathabar.com/a/32234359.html -
"MEJLIS HAKYNDA"
https://web.archive.org/web/20220610090001/https://mejlis.gov.tm/mejlis-hakynda -
"World Bulletin [ Turkmenistan adopts investor-friendly constitution ]"
https://web.archive.org/web/20081007110513/http://www.worldbulletin.net/news_detail.php?id=28836 -
Указ Президента Туркменистана О Председателе Халк Маслахаты Туркменистана
https://tdh.gov.tm/ru/post/34440/ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-19 -
"Turkmenistan votes for a new 'rubber-stamp' parliament"
https://www.intellinews.com/turkmenistan-votes-for-a-new-rubber-stamp-parliament-138871/ -
"Turkmen Elections Look Like Next Step Toward Dynasty"
https://www.rferl.org/a/qishloq-ovozi-turkmenistan-berdymukhammedov-the-second/29115690.html -
"Passing the baton in Turkmenistan"
https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/passing-the-baton-in-turkmenistan/ -
"TURKMENISTAN PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 25 March 2018 ODIHR Election Assessment Mission Final Report"
https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/2/8/382915_0.pdf -
"Turkmenistan's Constitution of 2008 with Amendments through 2016"
https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Turkmenistan_2016.pdf?lang=en -
"Turkmenistan 2019 Human Rights Report"
https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/TURKMENISTAN-2019-HUMAN-RIGHTS-REPORT.pdf -
"Türkmenistanyň Prezidentiniň Permany"
https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/tk/habar/52620/turkmenistanyn-prezidentinin-permany-2 -
"Turkmenistan 2020 Human Rights Report"
https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/TURKMENISTAN-2020-HUMAN-RIGHTS-REPORT.pdf -
Türkmenistanyň Adalat Ministrligi
https://web.archive.org/web/20210411211436/https://minjust.gov.tm/mmerkezi -
United Nations
https://web.archive.org/web/20190624051518/https://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/50/a50r080.htm -
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan
https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102908/http://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/mfa-en/diplomacy/diplomatic-relations -
"Global Peace Index 2024"
https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/GPI-2024-web.pdf -
"Turkmenistan: Russian Students Targeted"
https://web.archive.org/web/20090912055959/http://www.iwpr.net/?p=rca&s=f&o=175615&apc_state=henirca2003 -
"Alternative report on the Human Rights situation in Turkmenistan for the Universal Periodic Review"
https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/Alternative_report_Turk_UPR_eng.pdf -
World Report 2014: Turkmenistan
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2014/country-chapters/turkmenistan -
rsf.org
https://web.archive.org/web/20140214120404/http://rsf.org/index2014/en-index2014.php -
"10 Most Censored Countries"
https://www.cpj.org/censored/index.html -
www.state.gov/
https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2004/35490.htm -
www.amnesty.org
https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/europe-and-central-asia/turkmenistan/report-turkmenistan/ -
"One Year of Unjust Imprisonment in Turkmenistan"
https://www.jw.org/en/news/legal/by-region/turkmenistan/year-in-prison-20160215/ -
Forum 18 News Service
https://www.forum18.org/archive.php?article_id=2063 -
Human Rights Watch
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2017/country-chapters/turkmenistan -
The Independent
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/gay-lesbian-bisexual-relationships-illegal-in-74-countries-a7033666.html -
BBC News
https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/249665.stm -
Advanced Television
http://advanced-television.com/2015/04/22/satellite-dishes-banned-in-turkmenistan/ -
"Turkmenistan Increases Crackdown On Internet Access As Living Standards Continue Downward Spiral"
https://www.rferl.org/a/turkmenistan-increases-crackdown-on-internet-access-as-living-standards-continue-downward-spiral/30846977.html -
"Turkmenistan: Internet welcome, or no VPNs allowed here"
https://eurasianet.org/turkmenistan-internet-welcome-or-no-vpns-allowed-here -
"Phone and internet in Turkmenistan"
https://caravanistan.com/turkmenistan/phone-internet/ -
"CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX"
https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2021/index/tkm -
"Turkmenistan: A Model Kleptocracy"
https://crudeaccountability.org/wp-content/uploads/web_Turkmenistan_A_Model_Kleptocracy_report.pdf -
"Коронабизнес» продолжается. За год власти Туркменистана не изжили коррупцию в сфере эпидзащиты"
https://turkmen.news/news/corruption-coronavirus/ -
"В Туркменистане выявлены многочисленные факты взяточничества в сфере образования"
https://turkmenportal.com/blog/31114/v-turkmenistane-vyyavleny-mnogochislennye-fakty-vzyatochnichestva-v-sfere-obrazovaniya -
"Взятки за поступление в вузы Туркменистана берут в долларах"
https://www.hronikatm.com/2018/08/vzyatki-za-postuplenie-v-vuzyi-turkmenistana-berut-v-dollarah/ -
"Размер взятки за устройство ребенка в русский класс достигает 20 тысяч манатов"
https://www.hronikatm.com/2019/08/school-corruption/ -
"Спустя год стали известны статьи УК, по которым осуждены И. Муликов, М. Нобатов и Ч. Кулов"
https://turkmen.news/news/mulikov-nobatov-kulov/ -
"Бывший министр внутренних дел Туркменистана осуждён"
https://rus.azathabar.com/a/30305784.html -
ghostarchive.org
https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/VHj0XfsRRHM -
"Президент Туркменистана уволил главу МВД за серьёзные недостатки в работе"
https://turkmenportal.com/blog/22036/prezident-turkmenistana-uvolil-glavu-mvd-za-sereznye-nedostatki-v-rabote -
"Обритый экс-глава МВД Туркмении перед камерой повинился за преступления"
https://fergana.news/news/113015/ -
"Туркменистан: министр внутренних дел появился в наручниках"
https://russian.eurasianet.org/%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80-%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F-%D0%B2-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85 -
"В Туркменистане осужден экс-глава МВД. По ТВ его показали кающимся и остриженным наголо"
https://rus.ozodi.org/a/turkmenistan/30307359.html -
"Президент Туркменистана провёл выездное заседание Госсовета безопасности"
https://turkmenportal.com/blog/23558/prezident-turkmenistana-provel-vyezdnoe-zasedanie-gossoveta-bezopasnosti -
"Итоги работы силовых ведомств за 11 месяцев года рассмотрены на заседании Госсовета безопасности"
http://tdh.gov.tm/news/tm/articles.aspx&article20703&cat11 -
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
https://www.rferl.org/a/turkmenistan-buying-babies/31346163.html -
Türkmenistanyň Geografiýasy
https://docplayer.biz.tr/181461559-Turkmenistanyn-bilim-ministrligi-tarapyndan-hodurlenildi.html#show_full_text -
www.peakbagger.com
https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=10469 -
"Mount Arlan"
http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=13160 -
"Ayrybaba"
http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=10488 -
"Turkmenistan"
https://jsis.washington.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/TURKMENISTAN.pdf -
BioScience
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287 -
OECD
http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=ENV%2FEPOC%2FEAP%282019%2912&doclanguage=en -
Statistical Yearbook of Turkmenistan 2000–2004, National Institute of State Statistics and Information of Turkmenistan,
-
State Commission for Statistics, Turkmenistan (online)
-
"BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2019"
https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2019-full-report.pdf -
Türkmenistanyň Ýyllyk Statistik Neşiri 2019 Ýyl
-
Societe Generale
https://import-export.societegenerale.fr/en/country/turkmenistan/economy-country-risk#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20updated%20IMF,post%2Dpandemic%20global%20economic%20recovery. -
"Central Asian Gas Exports to China: Beijing's Latest Bargaining Chip?"
https://www.fpri.org/article/2020/06/central-asian-gas-exports-to-china-beijings-latest-bargaining-chip/ -
"Turkmenistan: Big on gas, short on options"
https://eurasianet.org/turkmenistan-big-on-gas-short-on-options -
Eurasianet
https://web.archive.org/web/20230314212335/https://eurasianet.org/turkmenistan-seoul-man -
Resolution of Halk Maslahaty (Peoples' Council of Turkmenistan) N 35 (14 August 2003)
-
"Turkmenistan leader wants to end free power, gas, and water"
http://www.dw.com/en/turkmenistan-leader-wants-to-end-free-power-gas-and-water/a-39152012 -
"Turkmenistan Set to Rollback Subsidies for Good"
https://thediplomat.com/2018/09/turkmenistan-set-to-rollback-subsidies-for-good/ -
"Turkmenistan Cuts Last Vestiges Of Program For Free Utilities"
https://www.rferl.org/a/turkmenistan-cuts-last-vestiges-of-program-for-free-utilities/29511308.html -
"The Gas Man Cometh: In Turkmenistan, Free Energy No More"
https://www.rferl.org/a/turkmen-energy-consumers-get-shock-treatment/29594173.html -
"Pay for Electricity on Time or Face Court, Public Warned in East Turkmenistan"
https://en.turkmen.news/news/utilities-turkmenistan/ -
Reuters
https://web.archive.org/web/20191219043938/https://uk.reuters.com/article/gas-turkmenistan-idUKLDE74O23A20110525 -
International Trade Administration
https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/turkmenistan-oil-gas -
"Turkmenistan. Diversifying export routes"
http://www.europarussia.com/posts/1748 -
"Russia's Gazprom Stops Buying Gas from Turkmenistan"
https://thediplomat.com/2016/01/russias-gazprom-stops-buying-gas-from-turkmenistan/ -
"Russia's Gazprom Resumes Buying Turkmen Gas After Three-Year Halt"
https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-gazprom-turkmenistan/29883131.html -
"Turkmen Cutoff Of Iran Leaves Dwindling Gas Options For Ashgabat"
https://www.rferl.org/a/turkmenistan-iran-gas-dispute-dwindling-options/28209476.html -
"Turkmenistan Turns To Europe As Iran, Russia Shut Off Their Gas Markets"
https://caspiannews.com/news-detail/turkmenistan-turns-to-europe-as-iran-russia-shut-off-their-gas-markets-2017-8-18-8/ -
www.cnpc.com.cn
http://www.cnpc.com.cn/en/FlowofnaturalgasfromCentralAsia/FlowofnaturalgasfromCentralAsia2.shtml -
Foreign Policy Research Institute
https://www.fpri.org/article/2020/06/central-asian-gas-exports-to-china-beijings-latest-bargaining-chip/ -
"China plays Pipelineistan'"
https://web.archive.org/web/20091224215442/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/KL24Ag07.html -
Vakulchuk, Roman and Indra Overland (2019) "China's Belt and Road Initiative through the Lens of Central Asia" Archived
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329310641 -
STATEMENT FOR MEDIA
https://mfa.gov.tm/en/news/3990 -
The Express Tribune
http://tribune.com.pk/story/2200597/2-islamabad-needs-fast-track-tapi-pipeline -
BBC News
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-60203683 -
Туркмения и Туркмены
https://rusneb.ru/catalog/000199_000009_003592081/ -
"Turkmenistan Oil and Gas"
https://web.archive.org/web/20131202234531/http://turkmenistanoil.tripod.com/id4.html -
"After Turkmen oil breakthrough, Vitol adds products to portfolio"
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkmenistan-products-vitol/after-turkmen-oil-breakthrough-vitol-adds-products-to-portfolio-idUSKBN1Y61JY -
"SOCAR Trading wins tender for Turkmen oil purchase"
https://web.archive.org/web/20210415033337/https://news.ru/en/economics/socar-trading-wins-tender-for-turkmen-oil-purchase/ -
"Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan sign MoU for Caspian Sea field"
https://www.ogj.com/general-interest/article/14196058/turkmenistan-azerbaijan-sign-mou-for-caspian-sea-field -
"Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan agreement advances Caspian gas cooperation"
https://eurasianet.org/azerbaijan-and-turkmenistan-agreement-advances-caspian-gas-cooperation -
"Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan Finally Reach Deal On Lucrative Caspian Sea Energy Field"
https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijan-turkmenistan-deal-caspian-energy-field-dostluq-/31061674.html -
"Abraham Ganz at the Hindukush"
http://riowang.blogspot.com/2015/09/abraham-ganz-at-hindukush.html -
"Hindukush Power Station is 110 years old"
https://turkmenistannewsgazette.com/hindukush-power-station-is-110-years-old/ -
"О министерстве"
https://web.archive.org/web/20210415033457/http://minenergo.gov.tm/ru/node/3 -
"Turkmenistan Adopts Electric Power Industry Development Plan"
https://www.cacianalyst.org/publications/field-reports/item/12748-turkmenistan-adopts-electric-power-industry-development-plan.html -
Turkmenistan: A Country Study
http://countrystudies.us/turkmenistan/22.htm -
Reuters
https://web.archive.org/web/20230203123148/https://www.reuters.com/?edition-redirect=uk -
www.eia.gov
https://www.eia.gov/opendata/qb.php?sdid=INTL.2-12-TKM-BKWH.A -
"Успешно реализован проект по строительству газотурбинной электростанции"
https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/56822/uspeshno-realizovan-proekt-po-stroitelstvu-gazoturbinnoj-elektrostancii -
"Turkmenistan has increased its electricity exports by 1.5 times"
https://web.archive.org/web/20210429055550/https://orient.tm/en/turkmenistan-has-increased-its-electricity-exports-by-1-5-times/ -
"Ambassador Allan Mustard visits the largest GE-supplied gas turbine power plant in Turkmenistan"
https://tm.usembassy.gov/ambassador-allan-mustard-visits-largest-ge-supplied-gas-turbine-power-plant-turkmenistan/ -
"Turkmen power stations using GE technology"
https://en.trend.az/casia/turkmenistan/3119523.html -
""Watan" DES elektrik energiýasynyň önümçiligini 1,4 esse artdyrar"
https://business.com.tm/tm/post/6216/watan-des-elektrik-energiyasynyn-onumchiligini-14-esse-artdyrar -
Türkmenistanyň Ýyllyk Statistik Neşiri 2019 Ýyl
-
World Atlas
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top-cotton-producing-countries-in-the-world.html -
Central Asian Survey
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02634939508400923 -
Cotton Campaign
https://web.archive.org/web/20210124052919/http://www.cottoncampaign.org/turkmenistans-forced-labor-problem.html -
The Gazette of Central Asia
http://www.satrapia.com/news/article/turkmenistan-to-privilege-us-farm-machinery-manufacturers/ -
"Turkmen president instructs to accelerate sowing of raw cotton"
https://www.azernews.az/region/149930.html#:~:text=Moreover%2C%20in%20October%202018%2C%20President,country's%20rapidly%20developing%20textile%20industry. -
"Turkmenistan will decrease the export of raw cotton and increase the production of finished products from it"
https://web.archive.org/web/20210415033255/https://orient.tm/en/turkmenistan-will-decrease-the-export-of-raw-cotton-and-increase-the-production-of-finished-products-from-it/ -
aljazeera.com
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2011/12/20111230155633146491.html -
www.turkmen-travel.com
https://www.turkmen-travel.com/eng/places-to-go-see/health-resorts-sanatoriums/ -
Türkmenistanyň, internet portaly
https://turkmenportal.com/tm/catalog/syyahatchylyk/turkmenistandaky-melhemhanalar -
"Turkmenistan"
https://www.lonelyplanet.com/turkmenistan/attractions -
BBC
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-59920221 -
Туркменская ССР
-
"Asian Highway Database"
http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Turkmenistan.xls -
"Turkmenistan Country Commercial Guide: Transportation"
https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/turkmenistan-transportation -
"УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О преобразовании Государственного концерна "Türkmenawtoýollary""
https://www.parahat.info/edict/1627 -
"Строительство автодорог в Туркменистане переходит в ведение городских и региональных властей"
https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024133/https://orient.tm/stroitelstvo-avtodorog-v-turkmenis/ -
awtoulag.gov.tm
https://awtoulag.gov.tm/en/site/a/index -
Туркменская ССР
-
Turkmenistan Airlines
https://turkmenistanairlines.tm// -
"ОБЩАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ"
https://caa.gov.tm/ru/item/159 -
"Turkmenistan Travel Advisory"
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/turkmenistan-travel-advisory.html -
"Четырнадцать потерянных дней жизни. О нахождении в карантинном лагере в Туркменабаде"
https://turkmen.news/news/karantin-turkmenista/ -
"Мы не подведём"
https://web.archive.org/web/20130521175039/http://www.ogoniok.com/archive/2001/4680-2/80-20-21/ -
"Могучие крылья страны"
https://web.archive.org/web/20130208073112/http://turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=715 -
"Международный тендер на проектирование и строительство нового аэропорта в посёлке городского типа Джебел города Балканабат" (in Russian). Нейтральный Туркменистан. 14 December 2020.
-
"Aspects of modernization of segments of Turkmenistan's economy are discussed at the session of the Government"
https://web.archive.org/web/20191214165910/http://tdh.gov.tm/news/en/articles.aspx%26article16348%26cat26 -
"Президент Туркменистана провёл совместное заседание Кабинета Министров и Госсовета безопасности"
https://turkmenportal.com/blog/14616/prezident-turkmenistana-provel-sovmestnoe-zasedanie-kabineta-ministrov-i-gossoveta-bezopasnosti -
"В Гарабогазе будет построен новый аэропорт"
https://turkmenportal.com/blog/13377/v-garabogaze-budet-postroen-novyi-aeroport -
"Рядом с курортом "Моллакара" в Туркменистане планируют построить аэропорт"
https://turkmen.news/lenta/airport-jebel/ -
"В Туркменабаде построили международный аэропорт"
http://www.ato.ru/content/v-turkmenabade-postroili-mezhdunarodnyy-aeroport -
International Trade Administration
https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/turkmenistan-transportation -
"Порт Туркменбаши будет полностью реконструирован"
http://portnews.ru/news/65119/ -
"Global Best Project, Airport/Port & Project of the Year Finalist: Turkmenbashi International Seaport Project"
https://www.enr.com/articles/45265-global-best-project-airportport-turkmenbashi-international-seaport-project -
"Most important pit-stop on the Silk Road: Turkmenbashi International Seaport"
https://www.calik.com/en/press-room/press-releases/most-important-pit-stop-on-the-silk-road-turkmenbashi-international-seaport -
"Turkish company completes seaport project in Turkmenbashi city"
https://en.trend.az/casia/turkmenistan/2896894.html -
Туркменская ССР
-
"Расписание"
https://www.railway.gov.tm/ru/schedule -
"О НАС"
https://www.railway.gov.tm/ru/about -
"ORIENT SILK ROAD EXPRESS TRAIN"
https://www.scottdunn.com/us/uzbekistan/tours/orient-silk-road-express-train -
"Turkmenistan and Afghanistan discussed construction of Akina-Andhoy and Turgundi-Herat railway lines"
https://turkmenportal.com/en/blog/30606/turkmenistan-and-afghanistan-discussed-construction-of-akinaandhoy-and-turgundiherat-railway-lines -
"Khaf-Herat Railway Project"
https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/khaf-herat-railway-project/ -
Demoscope Weekly
http://demoscope.ru/weekly/037/evro010.php -
"Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик, их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу"
https://web.archive.org/web/20090226132826/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng89_reg2.php -
"Численность русских в Туркменистане снизилась до уровня 1930–х годов"
https://turkmen.news/lenta/turkmenistan-russkie-chislennost/ -
"Результаты переписи населения в Туркменистане"
https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/02/rezultatyi-perepisi-naseleniya-v-turkmenistane/ -
"Unpublished Census Provides Rare and Unvarnished Look at Turkmenistan"
https://jamestown.org/program/unpublished-census-provides-rare-and-unvarnished-look-at-turkmenistan/ -
"Госкомстат Узбекистана раскрыл численность этнических туркменов в стране"
https://turkmen.news/lenta/uzbekistan-turkmeny/ -
Migrant Resettlement in the Russian Federation: Reconstructing 'homes' and 'homelands'
https://books.google.com/books?id=YLeAxHLmgR8C&pg=PA15 -
"В 2019 году из Туркменистана эмигрировало порядка 110 тысяч человек или 2,2% населения страны"
http://meteojurnal.ru/stati/v-2019-godu-iz-turkmenistana-emigrirovalo-poryadka-110-tysyach-chelovek-ili-22-naseleniya-strany/ -
"Источники: Туркменистан в состоянии депопуляции. В стране осталось 2,7 миллиона населения"
https://rus.azathabar.com/a/turkmenistan-in-state-of-depopulation-with-under-three-million-people/31338392.html -
"Тайная перепись. Как в Туркменистане прошло важнейшее статистическое исследование"
https://turkmen.news/tajnaya-perepis-kak-v-turkmenistane-proshlo-vazhnejshee-statisticheskoe-issledovanie/ -
eurasianet.org
https://eurasianet.org/turkmenistan-deaths-of-despair -
Расширенное заседание Кабинета Министров Туркменистана
https://tdh.gov.tm/ru/post/36778/rasshirennoe-zasedanie-kabineta-ministrov-turkmenistana-17 -
"Ilat ýazuwy — 2022": Türkmenistanyň ilaty 7 million 57 müň 841 adama deň boldy
https://turkmenportal.com/tm/blog/64479/ilat-yazuwy--2022-turkmenistanyn-ilaty-7-million-57-mun-841-adama-den-boldy -
'Out Of Thin Air': Turkmen Unconvinced By New Census Results Amid Severe Population Decline
https://www.rferl.org/a/turkmenistan-census-fake-numbers-population-decline/32516559.html -
Туркменистан официально раскрыл численность населения
https://turkmen.news/turkmenistan-oficialno-raskryl-chislennost-naseleniya/ -
"Escape From Turkmenistan: Almost 2 Million Have Fled, But The President Looks The Other Way"
https://www.rferl.org/a/escape-from-turkmenistan-almost-2-million-have-fled-but-the-president-won-t-hear-of-it/29987972.html -
"Turkmenezuela: Turkmenistan finds a novel solution to mass emigration"
https://www.economist.com/asia/2018/07/05/turkmenistan-finds-a-novel-solution-to-mass-emigration -
Вепа Хаджиев заявил о росте числа въезжающих в страну
https://turkmen.news/vepa-hadzhiev-zayavil-o-roste-chisla-vezzhayushchih-v-stranu/ -
Turkmenistan: Strategies of Power, Dilemmas of Development
https://books.google.com/books?id=uGKmBgAAQBAJ&q=turkmen+tribes+teke&pg=PA52 -
Tribal Nation: The Making of Soviet Turkmenistan
https://books.google.com/books?id=9Q11AQAAQBAJ&q=turkmen+tribes+teke&pg=PA21 -
History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Towards the contemporary period : from the mid-nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century
https://books.google.com/books?id=XPfcfF8LRWQC&q=turkmen+tribes+teke&pg=PA47 -
Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World
-
"Russian Language Status in Central Asian Countries"
https://cabar.asia/en/russian-language-status-in-central-asian-countries -
"Введение"
https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122143/http://www.fundeh.org/files/publications/90/vedenie_obshchee_sostoyanie_russkogo_yazyka.pdf -
"Ethnologue"
http://www.ethnologue.com/country/TM -
Pewforum.org
https://web.archive.org/web/20110810075151/http://pewforum.org/uploadedfiles/Topics/Demographics/Muslimpopulation.pdf -
Encyclopedia of Global Religion
https://books.google.com/books?id=WwJzAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1312 -
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
https://www.rferl.org/a/1077492.html -
"A Country Study: Turkmenistan"
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/about.html -
BBC News
https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3528746.stm -
"Kipchak Mosque"
https://caravanistan.com/turkmenistan/kipchak-mosque/ -
"Столетие.ru: "Туркменбаши хотел рухнамезировать Православие" / Статьи / Патриархия.ru"
http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/192008.html -
"Православие в Туркменистане / Приходы"
http://pravoslavie.tm/prikhody -
"Православие в Туркменистане / История и современность"
http://pravoslavie.tm/ -
"Turkmenistan"
http://bahai-library.com/momen_encyclopedia_turkmenistan -
Herrmann, Duane L. (Fall 1994) "Houses As perfect As Is Possible" World Order pp. 17–31
-
Растения и Животные в Легендах и Верованиях Туркмен
http://static.iea.ras.ru/news/%21%21%20Book%20Flora%26Fauna_COLOR.pdf -
Tradition and Society in Turkmenistan: Gender, Oral Culture and Song
https://www.routledge.com/Tradition-and-Society-in-Turkmenistan-Gender-Oral-Culture-and-Song/Blackwell/p/book/9781138862487 -
Learning to Become Turkmen
https://www.wilsoncenter.org/book/learning-to-become-turkmen-literacy-language-and-power-1914-2014 -
Turkmen Horses and Equine Culture
https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/237881620 -
metbugat.gov.tm
https://metbugat.gov.tm/newspapers?id=10 -
metbugat.gov.tm
https://metbugat.gov.tm/newspapers?id=11 -
www.parahat.info
https://www.parahat.info/ -
turkmenistan.gov.tm
https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/tk -
infoabad.com
http://infoabad.com/ -
Arzuw NEWS – новости Туркменистана
https://arzuw.news/ -
Azatlyk Radiosy
https://www.azathabar.com/ -
Хроника Туркменистана
https://www.hronikatm.com/ -
turkmen.news
https://turkmen.news/ -
www.gundogar.org
https://www.gundogar.org/ -
Медиазона Центральная Азия
https://mediazona.ca/ -
eurasianet.org
https://eurasianet.org/ -
centralasia.news
https://centralasia.news/ -
Туркменистан, интернет портал о культурной, деловой и развлекательной жизни в Туркменистане
https://turkmenportal.com/blog/63901/telekanal-arkadag-nachal-veshchanie-v-turkmenistane -
www.youtube.com
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC89qzYVCh6y1sUq5_JtcoXA -
ghostarchive.org
https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/cDiO4btIKfs -
ghostarchive.org
https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/BvI9W_f8UgA -
"Лагеря, молчание и надежда на могильник. Что происходит в Туркменистане во время пандемии"
https://mediazona.ca/article/2020/05/04/virusbashi -
"Central Asia's Rulers View Turkish "Soap Power" with Suspicion"
https://globalvoices.org/2014/08/07/central-asias-rulers-view-turkish-soap-power-with-suspicion/ -
"Рубрика "Туркмены Мира": Ограничение турецких мультфильмов в туркменских детских садах и турецких сериалов на узбекском телевидении"
https://rus.azathabar.com/a/31151243.html -
"Turkmenistan: A ban on all news, ye who enter here"
https://eurasianet.org/turkmenistan-a-ban-on-all-news-ye-who-enter-here -
"Запрет на TikTok и иностранное ТВ. В школах Туркменистана "нравственное воспитание" девушек снова на повестке дня"
https://rus.azathabar.com/a/31075710.html -
"Retrieved: 5 April 2013"
http://www.internetworldstats.com/asia.htm -
World bank
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?locations=TM -
Trend
https://web.archive.org/web/20130504041327/http://en.trend.az/regions/casia/turkmenistan/2125523.html -
turkmenistan.gov.tm
https://web.archive.org/web/20140809053308/http://turkmenistan.gov.tm/_eng/?id=1950 -
"Состоялись мероприятия по случаю окончания учебного года"
https://web.archive.org/web/20200527225019/http://tdh.gov.tm/news/articles.aspx%26article22752%26cat15 -
"ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ"
https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/8 -
"Эксперт назвал количество туркменских студентов за рубежом"
https://centralasia.news/5665-jekspert-nazval-kolichestvo-turkmenskih-studentov-za-rubezhom.html -
The Atlantic
https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2013/06/the-city-of-white-marble-ashgabat-turkmenistan/100528/ -
Atlas Obscura
https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/wedding-palace/
