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Troy

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Troy

Troy (Hittite: 𒆳𒌷𒋫𒊒𒄿𒊭, romanised: Truwiša/Taruiša; Ancient Greek: Τροία, romanised: Troíā; Latin: Troia) or Ilion (Hittite: 𒌷𒃾𒇻𒊭, romanised: Wiluša; Ancient Greek: Ἴλιον, romanised: Ī́lion) was an ancient city located in present-day Hisarlik, Turkey. It is best known as the setting for the Greek myth of the Trojan War. The archaeological site is open to the public as a tourist destination, and was added to the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1998. Troy was repeatedly destroyed and rebuilt during its 4000 years of occupation. As a result, the site is divided into nine archaeological layers, each corresponding to a city built on the ruins of the previous. Archaeologists refer to these layers using Roman numerals, Troy I being the earliest and Troy IX being the latest. Troy was first settled around 3600 BC and grew into a small fortified city around 3000 BC (Troy I). Among the early layers, Troy II is notable for its wealth and imposing architecture. During the Late Bronze Age, Troy was called Wilusa and was a vassal of the Hittite Empire. The final layers (Troy VIII–IX) were Greek and Roman cities which served as tourist attractions and religious centers because of their link to mythic tradition. The site was excavated by Heinrich Schliemann and Frank Calvert starting in 1871. Under the ruins of the classical city, they found the remains of numerous earlier settlements. Several of these layers resemble literary depictions of Troy, leading some scholars to conclude that there is a kernel of truth underlying the legends. Subsequent excavations by others have added to the modern understanding of the site, though the exact relationship between myth and reality remains unclear and there is no definitive evidence for a Greek attack on the city.

Infobox

Location
Hisarlık, Çanakkale Province, Turkey
Region
Troad
Coordinates
mw- 39°57′27″N 26°14′20″E / 39.95750°N 26.23889°E / 39.95750; 26.23889
Part of
Historical National Park of Troia
Archaeologists
Frank Calvert, Heinrich Schliemann
Website
https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/849/
Type
Cultural
Designated
1998 (22nd session)
Reference no.
849
UNESCO Region
Europe and North America

Tables

Troy 0
Troy 0
Layer
Troy 0
Dates
3600–3000 BC
Period
Neolithic and Early Bronze Age
Troy I
Troy I
Layer
Troy I
Dates
3000–2550 BC
Period
Early Bronze Age
Troy II
Troy II
Layer
Troy II
Dates
2500–2300 BC
Period
Early Bronze Age
Troy III
Troy III
Layer
Troy III
Dates
2300–2200 BC
Period
Early Bronze Age
Troy IV
Troy IV
Layer
Troy IV
Dates
2200–2000 BC
Period
Early Bronze Age
Troy V
Troy V
Layer
Troy V
Dates
2000–1750 BC
Period
Early Bronze Age
Troy VI
Troy VI
Layer
Troy VI
Dates
1750–1300 BC
Period
Middle Bronze Age and Late Bronze Age
Troy VIIa
Troy VIIa
Layer
Troy VIIa
Dates
1300–1180 BC
Period
Late Bronze Age
Troy VIIb
Troy VIIb
Layer
Troy VIIb
Dates
1180–950 BC
Period
Late Bronze Age and Dark Age
Troy VIII
Troy VIII
Layer
Troy VIII
Dates
950–85 BC
Period
Classical and Hellenistic
Troy IX
Troy IX
Layer
Troy IX
Dates
85 BC–500 AD
Period
Roman
Layer
Dates
Period
Troy 0
3600–3000 BC
Neolithic and Early Bronze Age
Troy I
3000–2550 BC
Early Bronze Age
Troy II
2500–2300 BC
Early Bronze Age
Troy III
2300–2200 BC
Early Bronze Age
Troy IV
2200–2000 BC
Early Bronze Age
Troy V
2000–1750 BC
Early Bronze Age
Troy VI
1750–1300 BC
Middle Bronze Age and Late Bronze Age
Troy VIIa
1300–1180 BC
Late Bronze Age
Troy VIIb
1180–950 BC
Late Bronze Age and Dark Age
Troy VIII
950–85 BC
Classical and Hellenistic
Troy IX
85 BC–500 AD
Roman

References

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  2. 1: Gate 2: City Wall 3: Megarons 4: FN Gate 5: FO Gate 6: FM Gate and Ramp 7: FJ Gate 8: City Wall 9: Megarons 10: City
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