| No. | Name | Term of office | Refs. | President(s) served under |
| 1 | Michael Hillegas | July 29, 1775 – September 11, 1789 (14 years, 44 days) | | George Washington (also served under Confederation Congress) |
| Hillegas served jointly with George Clymer until August 6, 1776. The title of the office was "Treasurer of the United Colonies" until May 14, 1777. |
| 2 | Samuel Meredith | September 11, 1789 – December 1, 1801 (12 years, 81 days) | | George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson |
| 3 | Thomas T. Tucker | December 1, 1801 – May 2, 1828 (26 years, 153 days) (served the longest term) | | Thomas Jefferson James Madison James Monroe John Quincy Adams |
| 33 days vacant |
| 4 | William Clark | June 4, 1828 – May 26, 1829 (356 days) | | John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson |
| 5 | John Campbell | May 26, 1829 – July 20, 1839 (10 years, 55 days) | | Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren |
| 2 days vacant |
| 6 | William Selden | July 22, 1839 – November 23, 1850 (11 years, 124 days) (served under the most presidents) | | Martin Van Buren William Henry Harrison John Tyler James K. Polk Zachary Taylor Millard Fillmore |
| 4 days vacant |
| 7 | John Sloane | November 27, 1850 – April 1, 1853 (2 years, 125 days) | | Millard Fillmore Franklin Pierce |
| 3 days vacant |
| 8 | Samuel L. Casey | April 4, 1853 – December 22, 1859 (6 years, 262 days) | | Franklin Pierce James Buchanan |
| 68 days vacant |
| 9 | William C. Price | February 28, 1860 – March 21, 1861 (1 year, 21 days) | | James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln |
| 10 | Francis E. Spinner | March 16, 1861 – July 30, 1875 (14 years, 136 days) | | Abraham Lincoln Andrew Johnson Ulysses S. Grant |
| 11 | John C. New | June 30, 1875 – July 1, 1876 (1 year, 1 day) | | Ulysses S. Grant |
| 12 | A. U. Wyman | July 1, 1876 – June 30, 1877 (364 days) | | Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes |
| 13 | James Gilfillan | July 1, 1877 – March 31, 1883 (5 years, 273 days) | | Rutherford B. Hayes James A. Garfield Chester A. Arthur |
| 14 | A. U. Wyman | April 1, 1883 – April 30, 1885 (2 years, 29 days) | | Chester A. Arthur Grover Cleveland |
| 15 | Conrad N. Jordan | May 1, 1885 – March 23, 1887 (1 year, 326 days) | | Grover Cleveland |
| 62 days vacant |
| 16 | James W. Hyatt | May 24, 1887 – May 10, 1889 (1 year, 351 days) | | Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison |
| 17 | James N. Huston | May 11, 1889 – April 24, 1891 (1 year, 348 days) | | Benjamin Harrison |
| 18 | Enos H. Nebeker | April 25, 1891 – May 31, 1893 (2 years, 36 days) | | Benjamin Harrison Grover Cleveland |
| 19 | Daniel N. Morgan | June 1, 1893 – June 30, 1897 (4 years, 29 days) | | Grover Cleveland William McKinley |
| 20 | Ellis H. Roberts | July 1, 1897 – June 30, 1905 (7 years, 364 days) | | William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt |
| 21 | Charles H. Treat | July 1, 1905 – October 30, 1909 (4 years, 121 days) | | Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft |
| 22 | Lee McClung | November 1, 1909 – November 21, 1912 (3 years, 20 days) | | William Howard Taft |
| 23 | Carmi A. Thompson | November 22, 1912 – March 31, 1913 (129 days) (served the shortest term) | | William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson |
| 24 | John Burke | April 1, 1913 – January 5, 1921 (7 years, 279 days) | | Woodrow Wilson |
| 117 days vacant |
| 25 | Frank White | May 2, 1921 – May 1, 1928 (6 years, 365 days) | | Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge |
| 30 days vacant |
| 26 | Harold Theodore Tate | May 31, 1928 – January 17, 1929 (231 days) | | Calvin Coolidge |
| 27 | W. O. Woods | January 18, 1929 – May 31, 1933 (4 years, 133 days) | | Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover Franklin Delano Roosevelt |
| 28 | William Alexander Julian | June 1, 1933 – May 29, 1949 (15 years, 362 days) | | Franklin D. Roosevelt Harry S. Truman |
| 23 days vacant |
| 29 | Georgia Neese Clark | June 21, 1949 – January 27, 1953 (3 years, 220 days) | | Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| 30 | Ivy Baker Priest | January 28, 1953 – January 29, 1961 (8 years, 1 day) | | Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy |
| 31 | Elizabeth Rudel Smith | January 30, 1961 – April 13, 1962 (1 year, 73 days) | | John F. Kennedy |
| 265 days vacant |
| 32 | Kathryn O'Hay Granahan | January 3, 1963 – November 22, 1966 (3 years, 323 days) | | John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson |
| 898 days vacant |
| 33 | Dorothy Andrews Elston Kabis | May 8, 1969 – July 3, 1971 (2 years, 56 days) | | Richard Nixon |
| 167 days vacant |
| 34 | Romana Acosta Bañuelos | December 17, 1971 – February 14, 1974 (2 years, 59 days) | | Richard Nixon |
| 127 days vacant |
| 35 | Francine Irving Neff | June 21, 1974 – January 19, 1977 (2 years, 212 days) | | Richard Nixon Gerald Ford |
