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Transnistria

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Transnistria

Transnistria, officially known as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR) and locally as Pridnestrovie, is a landlocked breakaway state internationally recognised as part of Moldova. It controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester river and the Moldova–Ukraine border, as well as some land on the other side of the river's bank. Its capital and largest city is Tiraspol. Transnistria is officially designated by the Republic of Moldova as the Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester (Romanian: Unitățile Administrativ-Teritoriale din stînga Nistrului) or as Stînga Nistrului ("Left (Bank) of the Dniester"). The region's origins can be traced to the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (MASSR), which was formed in 1924 within the Ukrainian SSR. During World War II, the Soviet Union took parts of the MASSR, which was dissolved, and of the Kingdom of Romania's Bessarabia to form the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1940. In 1990, during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was established in hopes that it would remain within the Soviet Union should Moldova seek unification with Romania or independence, the latter occurring in August 1991. Shortly afterwards, a military conflict between the two parties started in March 1992 and concluded with a ceasefire in July that year. As a part of the ceasefire agreement, a three-party (Moldova, Russia, and Transnistria) Joint Control Commission and a trilateral peacekeeping force subordinated to the commission were created to deal with ceasefire violations. Although the ceasefire has held, the territory's political status remains unresolved: Transnistria is an unrecognised but de facto independent semi-presidential republic with its own government, parliament, military, police, postal system, currency, and vehicle registration. Its authorities have adopted a constitution, flag, national anthem, and coat of arms. After a 2005 agreement between Moldova and Ukraine, all Transnistrian companies seeking to export goods through the Ukrainian border must be registered with the Moldovan authorities. This agreement was implemented after the European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine (EUBAM) took force in 2005. In addition to the unrecognised Transnistrian citizenship, most Transnistrians have Moldovan citizenship, but many also have Russian, Romanian, or Ukrainian citizenship. The main ethnic groups are Russians, Moldovans/Romanians, and Ukrainians. Transnistria, along with Abkhazia and South Ossetia, is a post-Soviet "frozen conflict" zone. These three partially recognised or unrecognised states maintain friendly relations with each other and form the Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations. In March 2022, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe adopted a resolution that defines the territory as under military occupation by Russia.

Infobox

Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic Official names Russian:Приднестро́вская Молда́вская Респу́бликаRomanian:[a]Republica Moldovenească NistreanăMoldovan Cyrillic:[a]Република Молдовеняскэ НистрянэUkrainian:Придністро́вська Молда́вська Респу́бліка
Приднестро́вская Молда́вская Респу́блика
Russian:
Приднестро́вская Молда́вская Респу́блика
Romanian:[a]
Republica Moldovenească Nistreană
Moldovan Cyrillic:[a]
Република Молдовеняскэ Нистрянэ
Ukrainian:
Придністро́вська Молда́вська Респу́бліка
Status
Unrecognised state
Capitaland largest city
Tiraspol 46°50′12″N 29°38′24″E / 46.83667°N 29.64000°E / 46.83667; 29.64000
Official languages
mw- RussianMoldavian (Romanian)[a]Ukrainian
Interethnic language
Russian
Ethnic groups (2015)
29.1% Russians28.6% Moldovans/Romanians[c]22.9% Ukrainians2.4% Bulgarians1.1% Gagauz0.5% Belarusians0.2% Transnistrians1.4% others(14% did not specify)
Demonyms
TransnistrianPridnestrovian
Government
Unitary semi-presidential republic
• President
Vadim Krasnoselsky
• Prime Minister
Aleksandr Rozenberg
• Speaker of the Supreme Council
Alexander Korshunov
Legislature
Supreme Council
• Independence from Moldavian SSR declared
2 September 1990
• Independence from Soviet Union declared
25 August 1991
• Succeeds the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
5 November 1991
• Transnistria War
2 March – 1 July 1992
• Total
$1.201 billion
• March 2024 estimate
367,776 (Moldovan estimate)
• 2015 census
475,373
• Density
73.5/km2 (190.4/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)
2021 estimate
• Per capita
$2,584
Currency
Transnistrian ruble
Time zone
UTC 2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC 3 (EEST)
Calling code
373 [a]

Tables

Administrative divisions of the Transnistria · Administrative divisions
Camenca District (Romanian: Camenca, Moldovan Cyrillic: Каменка)
Camenca District (Romanian: Camenca, Moldovan Cyrillic: Каменка)
Name
Camenca District (Romanian: Camenca, Moldovan Cyrillic: Каменка)
Capital
Camenca
Area
436 square kilometres (168 sq mi)
Population (2025)
21,000
Ethnic composition (2004)
47.82% Moldovans, 42.55% Ukrainians, 6.89% Russians, 2.74% others
Rîbnița District (Romanian: Rîbnița, Moldovan Cyrillic: Рыбница)
Rîbnița District (Romanian: Rîbnița, Moldovan Cyrillic: Рыбница)
Name
Rîbnița District (Romanian: Rîbnița, Moldovan Cyrillic: Рыбница)
Capital
Rîbnița
Area
850 square kilometres (330 sq mi)
Population (2025)
69,000
Ethnic composition (2004)
29.90% Moldovans, 45.41% Ukrainians, 17.22% Russians, 7.47% others
Dubăsari District (Romanian: Dubăsari, Moldovan Cyrillic: Дубэсарь)
Dubăsari District (Romanian: Dubăsari, Moldovan Cyrillic: Дубэсарь)
Name
Dubăsari District (Romanian: Dubăsari, Moldovan Cyrillic: Дубэсарь)
Capital
Dubăsari
Area
381 square kilometres (147 sq mi)
Population (2025)
31,000
Ethnic composition (2004)
50.15% Moldovans, 28.29% Ukrainians, 19.03% Russians, 2.53% others
Grigoriopol District (Romanian: Grigoriopol, Moldovan Cyrillic: Григориопол)
Grigoriopol District (Romanian: Grigoriopol, Moldovan Cyrillic: Григориопол)
Name
Grigoriopol District (Romanian: Grigoriopol, Moldovan Cyrillic: Григориопол)
Capital
Grigoriopol
Area
822 square kilometres (317 sq mi)
Population (2025)
40,000
Ethnic composition (2004)
64.83% Moldovans, 15.28% Ukrainians, 17.36% Russians, 2.26% others
Slobozia District (Romanian: Slobozia, Moldovan Cyrillic: Слобозия)
Slobozia District (Romanian: Slobozia, Moldovan Cyrillic: Слобозия)
Name
Slobozia District (Romanian: Slobozia, Moldovan Cyrillic: Слобозия)
Capital
Slobozia
Area
873 square kilometres (337 sq mi)
Population (2025)
84,000
Ethnic composition (2004)
41.51% Moldovans, 21.71% Ukrainians, 26.51% Russians, 10.27% others
City of Tiraspol (Romanian: Tiraspol, Moldovan Cyrillic: Тираспол)
City of Tiraspol (Romanian: Tiraspol, Moldovan Cyrillic: Тираспол)
Name
City of Tiraspol (Romanian: Tiraspol, Moldovan Cyrillic: Тираспол)
Capital
Tiraspol
Area
205 square kilometres (79 sq mi)
Population (2025)
126,306
Ethnic composition (2004)
18.41% Moldovans, 32.31% Ukrainians, 41.44% Russians, 7.82% others
City of Bender (Romanian: Tighina, Moldovan Cyrillic: Тигина/Бендер)
City of Bender (Romanian: Tighina, Moldovan Cyrillic: Тигина/Бендер)
Name
City of Bender (Romanian: Tighina, Moldovan Cyrillic: Тигина/Бендер)
Capital
Bender
Area
97 square kilometres (37 sq mi)
Population (2025)
83,919
Ethnic composition (2004)
25.03% Moldovans, 17.98% Ukrainians, 43.35% Russians, 13.64% others
Name
Capital
Area
Population (2025)
Ethnic composition (2004)
Camenca District (Romanian: Camenca, Moldovan Cyrillic: Каменка)
Camenca
436 square kilometres (168 sq mi)
21,000
Moldovans, 42.55% Ukrainians, 6.89% Russians, 2.74% others
Rîbnița District (Romanian: Rîbnița, Moldovan Cyrillic: Рыбница)
Rîbnița
850 square kilometres (330 sq mi)
69,000
Moldovans, 45.41% Ukrainians, 17.22% Russians, 7.47% others
Dubăsari District (Romanian: Dubăsari, Moldovan Cyrillic: Дубэсарь)
Dubăsari
381 square kilometres (147 sq mi)
31,000
Moldovans, 28.29% Ukrainians, 19.03% Russians, 2.53% others
Grigoriopol District (Romanian: Grigoriopol, Moldovan Cyrillic: Григориопол)
Grigoriopol
822 square kilometres (317 sq mi)
40,000
Moldovans, 15.28% Ukrainians, 17.36% Russians, 2.26% others
Slobozia District (Romanian: Slobozia, Moldovan Cyrillic: Слобозия)
Slobozia
873 square kilometres (337 sq mi)
84,000
Moldovans, 21.71% Ukrainians, 26.51% Russians, 10.27% others
City of Tiraspol (Romanian: Tiraspol, Moldovan Cyrillic: Тираспол)
Tiraspol
205 square kilometres (79 sq mi)
126,306
Moldovans, 32.31% Ukrainians, 41.44% Russians, 7.82% others
City of Bender (Romanian: Tighina, Moldovan Cyrillic: Тигина/Бендер)
Bender
97 square kilometres (37 sq mi)
83,919
Moldovans, 17.98% Ukrainians, 43.35% Russians, 13.64% others

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  2. The flag of Russia shares equal legal status with the state flag of Transnistria.
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  4. For other names, see the toponymy section
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