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Tour de France

Updated: Wikipedia source

Tour de France

The Tour de France (French pronunciation: [tuʁ də fʁɑ̃s]) is an annual men's multiple-stage road cycling race held primarily in France. It is the oldest and most prestigious of the three Grand Tours, which include the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España. The race was first organized in 1903 to increase sales for the newspaper L'Auto (which was an ancestor of L'Équipe) and has been held annually since, except when it was not held from 1915 to 1918 and 1940 to 1946 due to the two World Wars. As the Tour gained prominence and popularity, the race was lengthened and gained more international participation. The Tour is a UCI World Tour event, which means that the teams that compete in the race are mostly UCI WorldTeams, with the exception of the teams that the organizers invite. Traditionally, the bulk of the race is held in July. While the route changes every year, the format of the race stays the same and includes time trials, passage through the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps, and, from 1975 to 2023, a finish on the Champs-Élysées in Paris. The modern editions of the Tour de France consist of 21 day-long stages over a 23- or 24-day period and cover approximately 3,500 kilometres (2,200 mi) total. Each year, the race alternates between clockwise and counterclockwise circuits of France. Twenty to twenty-three teams of eight riders usually compete. All of the stages are timed to the finish, and the riders' times are compounded with their previous stage times. The rider with the lowest cumulative time is the leader of the race and wears the yellow jersey. While the general classification attracts the most attention, there are other contests held within the Tour: the points classification for the sprinters (green jersey), the mountains classification for the climbers (polka-dot jersey), young rider classification for riders under the age of 26 (white jersey), and the team classification, based on the first three finishers from each team on each stage. Achieving a stage win also provides prestige, often accomplished by a team's sprint specialist or a rider taking part in a breakaway. A similar race for women was held under various names between 1984 and 2009. Following criticism by campaigners and the professional women's peloton, a one/two-day race (La Course by Le Tour de France) was held between 2014 and 2021. The first Tour de France Femmes was held in 2022.

Infobox

Date
July
Region
France and nearby countries
Local name
Tour de France (in French)
Nickname
La Grande Boucle (The Big Loop)
Discipline
Road
Competition
UCI World Tour
Type
Grand Tour
Organiser
Amaury Sport Organisation
Race director
Christian Prudhomme
Web site
letour.fr
First edition
1 July 1903; 122 years ago (1903-07-01)
Editions
112 (as of 2025)
First winner
Maurice Garin (FRA)
Most wins
Jacques Anquetil (FRA) Eddy Merckx (BEL) Bernard Hinault (FRA) Miguel Induráin (ESP) 5 wins each
Most recent
Tadej Pogačar (SVN)

Tables

· Classifications › Mountains classification
Type
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
Hors catégorie
20
15
12
10
8
6
4
2
First Category
10
8
6
4
2
1
Second Category
5
3
2
1
Third Category
2
1
Fourth Category
1
· Classifications › Points classification
Type
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
15th
Flat stage finish
50
30
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
Medium mountain stage finish
30
25
22
19
17
15
13
11
9
High mountain stage finish
20
17
15
13
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Individual time trial
Intermediate sprint
Foreign starts of the Tour · Start and finish of the Tour › Starts abroad
1954
1954
Year
1954
City
Amsterdam
Type
Winner
Wout Wagtmans
1958
1958
Year
1958
City
Brussels
Type
Winner
André Darrigade
1965
1965
Year
1965
City
Cologne
Type
(1a) (1b)
Winner
Rik Van Looy Ford France - Gitane
1973
1973
Year
1973
City
The Hague
Type
Winner
Joop Zoetemelk
1975
1975
Year
1975
City
Charleroi
Type
Winner
Francesco Moser
1978
1978
Year
1978
City
Leiden
Type
Winner
Jan Raas
1980
1980
Year
1980
City
Frankfurt
Type
Winner
Bernard Hinault
1982
1982
Year
1982
City
Basel
Type
Winner
Bernard Hinault
1987
1987
Year
1987
City
West Berlin
Type
Winner
Jelle Nijdam
1989
1989
Year
1989
City
Luxembourg City
Type
Winner
Erik Breukink
1992
1992
Year
1992
City
San Sebastián
Type
Winner
Miguel Induráin
1996
1996
Year
1996
City
's-Hertogenbosch
Type
Winner
Alex Zülle
1998
1998
Year
1998
City
Dublin
Type
Winner
Chris Boardman
2002
2002
Year
2002
City
Luxembourg City
Type
Winner
Lance Armstrong
2004
2004
Year
2004
City
Liège
Type
Winner
Fabian Cancellara
2007
2007
Year
2007
City
London
Type
Winner
Fabian Cancellara
2009
2009
Year
2009
City
Monte Carlo
Type
Winner
Fabian Cancellara
2010
2010
Year
2010
City
Rotterdam
Type
Winner
Fabian Cancellara
2012
2012
Year
2012
City
Liège
Type
Winner
Fabian Cancellara
2014
2014
Year
2014
City
Leeds
Type
Winner
Marcel Kittel
2015
2015
Year
2015
City
Utrecht
Type
Winner
Rohan Dennis
2017
2017
Year
2017
City
Düsseldorf
Type
Winner
Geraint Thomas
2019
2019
Year
2019
City
Brussels
Type
Winner
Mike Teunissen
2022
2022
Year
2022
City
Copenhagen
Type
Winner
Yves Lampaert
2023
2023
Year
2023
City
Bilbao
Type
Winner
Adam Yates
2024
2024
Year
2024
City
Florence
Type
Winner
Romain Bardet
2026
2026
Year
2026
City
Barcelona
Type
2027
2027
Year
2027
City
Edinburgh
Year
City
Type
Winner
1954
Amsterdam
Wout Wagtmans
1958
Brussels
André Darrigade
1965
Cologne
(1a) (1b)
Rik Van Looy Ford France - Gitane
1973
The Hague
Joop Zoetemelk
1975
Charleroi
Francesco Moser
1978
Leiden
Jan Raas
1980
Frankfurt
Bernard Hinault
1982
Basel
Bernard Hinault
1987
West Berlin
Jelle Nijdam
1989
Luxembourg City
Erik Breukink
1992
San Sebastián
Miguel Induráin
1996
's-Hertogenbosch
Alex Zülle
1998
Dublin
Chris Boardman
2002
Luxembourg City
Lance Armstrong
2004
Liège
Fabian Cancellara
2007
London
Fabian Cancellara
2009
Monte Carlo
Fabian Cancellara
2010
Rotterdam
Fabian Cancellara
2012
Liège
Fabian Cancellara
2014
Leeds
Marcel Kittel
2015
Utrecht
Rohan Dennis
2017
Düsseldorf
Geraint Thomas
2019
Brussels
Mike Teunissen
2022
Copenhagen
Yves Lampaert
2023
Bilbao
Adam Yates
2024
Florence
Romain Bardet
2026
Barcelona
2027
Edinburgh
· Records and statistics › Record winners
5
5
Wins
5
Rider
Jacques Anquetil (FRA)
Editions
1957, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964
Eddy Merckx (BEL)
Eddy Merckx (BEL)
Wins
Eddy Merckx (BEL)
Rider
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1974
Bernard Hinault (FRA)
Bernard Hinault (FRA)
Wins
Bernard Hinault (FRA)
Rider
1978, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1985
Miguel Induráin (ESP)
Miguel Induráin (ESP)
Wins
Miguel Induráin (ESP)
Rider
1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
4
4
Wins
4
Rider
Chris Froome (GBR)
Editions
2013, 2015, 2016, 2017
Tadej Pogačar (SVN)
Tadej Pogačar (SVN)
Wins
Tadej Pogačar (SVN)
Rider
2020, 2021, 2024, 2025
3
3
Wins
3
Rider
Philippe Thys (BEL)
Editions
1913, 1914, 1920
Louison Bobet (FRA)
Louison Bobet (FRA)
Wins
Louison Bobet (FRA)
Rider
1953, 1954, 1955
Greg LeMond (USA)
Greg LeMond (USA)
Wins
Greg LeMond (USA)
Rider
1986, 1989, 1990
Wins
Rider
Editions
5
Jacques Anquetil (FRA)
1957, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964
Eddy Merckx (BEL)
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1974
Bernard Hinault (FRA)
1978, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1985
Miguel Induráin (ESP)
1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
4
Chris Froome (GBR)
2013, 2015, 2016, 2017
Tadej Pogačar (SVN)
2020, 2021, 2024, 2025
3
Philippe Thys (BEL)
1913, 1914, 1920
Louison Bobet (FRA)
1953, 1954, 1955
Greg LeMond (USA)
1986, 1989, 1990

References

  1. Giffard was the first to suggest a race that lasted several days, new to cycling but established practice in car racing.
  2. L'Auto preferred to concentrate on the Coupe Gordon-Bennett car race, even though it wasn't to start for another 48 hour
  3. The use of false and often colourful names was not unusual. It reflected not only the daring of the enterprise but the s
  4. The formula in 1905 was a combination of both time and points. Riders had points deducted for each five minutes lost.
  5. A race for female cyclists similar to the men's Tour de France had been organized in 1955, but it was not official.
  6. Jacques Goddet said in his autobiography that teams were using the rule to eliminate rivals. A rider in last position kn
  7. Pierre Bost was a journalist and playwright known for the prolific film and stage scripts he wrote in the 1940s. He died
  8. Jean-Pierre Lachaud joined the Tour de France caravan in 1983 to distribute publicity for Crédit Lyonnais, the bank that
  9. A podium camera is not one focused on the winner's podium but a full-scale camera on a mount, or podium.
  10. A school book written by Augustine Fouillée under the name G. Bruno and published in 1877, it sold 6 million by 1900, 7
  11. Anquetil took the yellow jersey after the second half-stage (time trial) of the first day, Darrigade having won the firs
  12. The Telegraph
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  141. GAN Spécial Tour de France, 1994
  142. France 24
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  145. "And the Tour de France winner is… plastic!"
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  147. "La Corse fait-elle peur au Tour de France ? – le Plus"
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  152. POLITICO
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  153. "Tour de France Urged Not to "Sportswash" Bahrain's Human Rights Abuses – Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy"
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  156. The Guardian
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  161. Reuters
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