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Tornado records

Updated: Wikipedia source

Tornado records

This article lists various tornado records. The most "extreme" tornado in recorded history was the Tri-State tornado, which spread through parts of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana on March 18, 1925. It was likely an F5 on the Fujita Scale (tornadoes were not rated at the time) and holds records for longest path length at 219 miles (352 km) and longest duration at about 3+1⁄2 hours. The 1974 Guin tornado had the highest forward speed ever recorded in a violent tornado, at 75 mph (121 km/h). The deadliest tornado in world history was the Daulatpur–Saturia tornado in Bangladesh on April 26, 1989, which killed approximately 1,300 people. In the history of Bangladesh, at least 24 tornadoes killed more than 100 people each, almost half of the total for the world. The most extensive tornado outbreak on record was the 2011 Super Outbreak, which resulted in 367 tornadoes and 324 tornadic fatalities, whereas the 1974 Super Outbreak was the most intense tornado outbreak on tornado expert Thomas P. Grazulis's outbreak intensity score with 578, as opposed to the 2011 outbreak's 378.

Tables

Outbreaks with 100+ tornadoes in a single 24-hour period · Tornado outbreaks › Most tornadoes in a single 24-hour period
2011 Super Outbreak
2011 Super Outbreak
Outbreak
2011 Super Outbreak
Year
2011
Country
US, CAN
Tornadoes in 24-hour span
223 (05:00 UTC April 27–28)226 (05:40 UTC April 27–28)
Outbreak total
367
F2/EF2+
86
F4/EF4+
15
Deaths
324
1974 Super Outbreak
1974 Super Outbreak
Outbreak
1974 Super Outbreak
Year
1974
Country
US, CAN
Tornadoes in 24-hour span
148 (Duration of outbreak)
Outbreak total
148
F2/EF2+
96
F4/EF4+
30
Deaths
319
Tornado outbreak of March 31 – April 1, 2023
Tornado outbreak of March 31 – April 1, 2023
Outbreak
Tornado outbreak of March 31 – April 1, 2023
Year
2023
Country
US
Tornadoes in 24-hour span
136 (19:00 UTC March 31–April 1)
Outbreak total
146
F2/EF2+
44
F4/EF4+
1
Deaths
27
2020 Easter tornado outbreak
2020 Easter tornado outbreak
Outbreak
2020 Easter tornado outbreak
Year
2020
Country
US
Tornadoes in 24-hour span
132 (14:40 UTC April 12–13)
Outbreak total
141
F2/EF2+
35
F4/EF4+
3
Deaths
32
December 2021 Midwest derecho and tornado outbreak
December 2021 Midwest derecho and tornado outbreak
Outbreak
December 2021 Midwest derecho and tornado outbreak
Year
2021
Country
US
Tornadoes in 24-hour span
120 (Duration of outbreak)
Outbreak total
120
F2/EF2+
33
F4/EF4+
0
Deaths
0
Tornado outbreak of January 21–23, 1999
Tornado outbreak of January 21–23, 1999
Outbreak
Tornado outbreak of January 21–23, 1999
Year
1999
Country
US
Tornadoes in 24-hour span
116 (21:10 UTC January 21–22)
Outbreak total
128
F2/EF2+
23
F4/EF4+
1
Deaths
9
Tornado outbreak of December 28–29, 2024
Tornado outbreak of December 28–29, 2024
Outbreak
Tornado outbreak of December 28–29, 2024
Year
2024
Country
US
Tornadoes in 24-hour span
107 (14:22 UTC December 28–29)
Outbreak total
108
F2/EF2+
6
F4/EF4+
0
Deaths
1
1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak
1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak
Outbreak
1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak
Year
1981
Country
UK
Tornadoes in 24-hour span
104 (Duration of outbreak)
Outbreak total
104
F2/EF2+
2
F4/EF4+
0
Deaths
0
Outbreak
Year
Country
Tornadoes in 24-hour span
Outbreak total
F2/EF2+
F4/EF4+
Deaths
2011 Super Outbreak
2011
US, CAN
223 (05:00 UTC April 27–28)226 (05:40 UTC April 27–28)
367
86
15
324
1974 Super Outbreak
1974
US, CAN
148 (Duration of outbreak)
148
96
30
319
Tornado outbreak of March 31 – April 1, 2023
2023
US
136 (19:00 UTC March 31–April 1)
146
44
1
27
2020 Easter tornado outbreak
2020
US
132 (14:40 UTC April 12–13)
141
35
3
32
December 2021 Midwest derecho and tornado outbreak
2021
US
120 (Duration of outbreak)
120
33
0
0
Tornado outbreak of January 21–23, 1999
1999
US
116 (21:10 UTC January 21–22)
128
23
1
9
Tornado outbreak of December 28–29, 2024
2024
US
107 (14:22 UTC December 28–29)
108
6
0
1
1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak
1981
UK
104 (Duration of outbreak)
104
2
0
0
Outbreaks with fifteen or more F4/EF4 and F5/EF5 tornadoes · Tornado outbreaks › Most violent tornadoes (F4/EF4 and F5/EF5) in an outbreak
1974 Super Outbreak
1974 Super Outbreak
Outbreak
1974 Super Outbreak
Year
1974
Country
US, CAN
F4/EF4
23
F5/EF5
7
Total
30
Deaths
319
1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak
1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak
Outbreak
1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak
Year
1965
Country
US
F4/EF4
18
F5/EF5
0
Total
18
Deaths
271
May–June 1917 tornado outbreak sequence
May–June 1917 tornado outbreak sequence
Outbreak
May–June 1917 tornado outbreak sequence
Year
1917
Country
US
F4/EF4
14
F5/EF5
1
Total
15
Deaths
383
2011 Super Outbreak
2011 Super Outbreak
Outbreak
2011 Super Outbreak
Year
2011
Country
US, CAN
F4/EF4
11
F5/EF5
4
Total
15
Deaths
324
Outbreak
Year
Country
F4/EF4
F5/EF5
Total
Deaths
1974 Super Outbreak
1974
US, CAN
23
7
30
319
1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak
1965
US
18
0
18
271
May–June 1917 tornado outbreak sequence
1917
US
14
1
15
383
2011 Super Outbreak
2011
US, CAN
11
4
15
324
Highest confirmed number of tornadoes by month in United States · Tornadoes annually and monthly › Most tornadoes for each calendar month
Year
Year
Month
Year
January
1999
February
2008
March
2025
April
2011
May
2024
June
1992
July
1993
August
2020
September
2004
October
2021
November
1992
December
2021
Total
Total
Month
Total
January
216
February
147
March
236
April
780
May
545
June
399
July
242
August
182
September
297
October
150
November
161
December
227
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Year
1999
2008
2025
2011
2024
1992
1993
2020
2004
2021
1992
2021
Total
216
147
236
780
545
399
242
182
297
150
161
227
Largest continuous tornado outbreak by month · Tornadoes annually and monthly › Most tornadoes for each calendar month
January
January
Month
January
Event
Tornado outbreak of January 21–23, 1999
Tornadoes
128
February
February
Month
February
Event
2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak
Tornadoes
87
March
March
Month
March
Event
Tornado outbreak of March 13–16, 2025
Tornadoes
118
April
April
Month
April
Event
2011 Super Outbreak
Tornadoes
367
May
May
Month
May
Event
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2019
Tornadoes
402
June
June
Month
June
Event
Tornado outbreak of June 14–18, 1992
Tornadoes
170
July
July
Month
July
Event
Severe weather sequence of July 13–16, 2024
Tornadoes
90
August
August
Month
August
Event
Hurricane Katrina tornado outbreak
Tornadoes
57
September
September
Month
September
Event
Hurricane Ivan tornado outbreak
Tornadoes
120
October
October
Month
October
Event
October 2010 North American storm complex
Tornadoes
69
November
November
Month
November
Event
Tornado outbreak of November 22–24, 2004 1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak
Tornadoes
104
December
December
Month
December
Event
December 2021 Midwest derecho and tornado outbreak
Tornadoes
120
Month
Event
Tornadoes
January
Tornado outbreak of January 21–23, 1999
128
February
2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak
87
March
Tornado outbreak of March 13–16, 2025
118
April
2011 Super Outbreak
367
May
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2019
402
June
Tornado outbreak of June 14–18, 1992
170
July
Severe weather sequence of July 13–16, 2024
90
August
Hurricane Katrina tornado outbreak
57
September
Hurricane Ivan tornado outbreak
120
October
October 2010 North American storm complex
69
November
Tornado outbreak of November 22–24, 2004 1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak
104
December
December 2021 Midwest derecho and tornado outbreak
120
Wind speed of 261 mph (420 km/h) or 116 m/s in tornadoes observed by radar, organized by the highest confirmed wind speed. · Largest and most powerful tornadoes › Highest winds observed in a tornado
F5
F5
Official rating
F5
Date
May 3, 1999
Location
Bridge Creek, Oklahoma
Minimum peak wind speed
281 mph (452 km/h)
Maximum peak wind speed
321 mph (517 km/h)
Highest confirmed peak wind speed
321 mph (517 km/h)
In 2007, Joshua Wurman along with other researchers, published that a Doppler on Wheels recorded 135 m/s (300 mph; 490 km/h) approximately 32 metres (105 ft) above the radar level. In 2021, Wurman along with other researchers, revised the data using improved techniques and published that the Doppler on Wheels actually recorded 321 miles per hour (517 km/h) in the tornado.
In 2007, Joshua Wurman along with other researchers, published that a Doppler on Wheels recorded 135 m/s (300 mph; 490 km/h) approximately 32 metres (105 ft) above the radar level. In 2021, Wurman along with other researchers, revised the data using improved techniques and published that the Doppler on Wheels actually recorded 321 miles per hour (517 km/h) in the tornado.
Official rating
In 2007, Joshua Wurman along with other researchers, published that a Doppler on Wheels recorded 135 m/s (300 mph; 490 km/h) approximately 32 metres (105 ft) above the radar level. In 2021, Wurman along with other researchers, revised the data using improved techniques and published that the Doppler on Wheels actually recorded 321 miles per hour (517 km/h) in the tornado.
EF3
EF3
Official rating
EF3
Date
May 31, 2013
Location
El Reno, Oklahoma
Minimum peak wind speed
296 mph (476 km/h)
Maximum peak wind speed
336 mph (541 km/h)
Highest confirmed peak wind speed
313 mph (504 km/h)
A Doppler on Wheels recorded winds between 257–336 mph (414–541 km/h) at or less than 100 metres (330 ft) above the radar level in a suction vortex inside the tornado. This was later revised by the Doppler on Wheels team to 291–336 mph (468–541 km/h). In 2015, Howard Bluestein, along with other researchers, reported that the radar did capture at least a moment of winds of 313 miles per hour (504 km/h). This tornado is notable for causing the death of 3 team TWISTEX researchers and was the first tornado recorded to kill storm chasers.
A Doppler on Wheels recorded winds between 257–336 mph (414–541 km/h) at or less than 100 metres (330 ft) above the radar level in a suction vortex inside the tornado. This was later revised by the Doppler on Wheels team to 291–336 mph (468–541 km/h). In 2015, Howard Bluestein, along with other researchers, reported that the radar did capture at least a moment of winds of 313 miles per hour (504 km/h). This tornado is notable for causing the death of 3 team TWISTEX researchers and was the first tornado recorded to kill storm chasers.
Official rating
A Doppler on Wheels recorded winds between 257–336 mph (414–541 km/h) at or less than 100 metres (330 ft) above the radar level in a suction vortex inside the tornado. This was later revised by the Doppler on Wheels team to 291–336 mph (468–541 km/h). In 2015, Howard Bluestein, along with other researchers, reported that the radar did capture at least a moment of winds of 313 miles per hour (504 km/h). This tornado is notable for causing the death of 3 team TWISTEX researchers and was the first tornado recorded to kill storm chasers.
EF4
EF4
Official rating
EF4
Date
May 21, 2024
Location
Greenfield, Iowa
Minimum peak wind speed
309 mph (497 km/h)
Maximum peak wind speed
318 mph (512 km/h)
Highest confirmed peak wind speed
≥309 mph (497 km/h)
A Doppler on Wheels recorded winds of 263–271 mph (423–436 km/h) approximately 30–50 m (98–164 ft) above the radar level. Following calculations to more accurately determine peak wind speeds, it was published that ground-relative winds of 309–318 mph (497–512 km/h) could be observed briefly to the immediate east of the main circulation.
A Doppler on Wheels recorded winds of 263–271 mph (423–436 km/h) approximately 30–50 m (98–164 ft) above the radar level. Following calculations to more accurately determine peak wind speeds, it was published that ground-relative winds of 309–318 mph (497–512 km/h) could be observed briefly to the immediate east of the main circulation.
Official rating
A Doppler on Wheels recorded winds of 263–271 mph (423–436 km/h) approximately 30–50 m (98–164 ft) above the radar level. Following calculations to more accurately determine peak wind speeds, it was published that ground-relative winds of 309–318 mph (497–512 km/h) could be observed briefly to the immediate east of the main circulation.
EF5
EF5
Official rating
EF5
Date
May 24, 2011
Location
Hinton, Oklahoma
Minimum peak wind speed
289 mph (465 km/h)
Maximum peak wind speed
296 mph (476 km/h)
Highest confirmed peak wind speed
295.5 mph (475.6 km/h)
RaXPol recorded a wind gust of 124.8 m/s (279 mph; 449 km/h) about 200–230 feet (60–70 m) above the radar level. However, this data was later revised to be 132.1 m/s (295 mph; 476 km/h) at 72 ft (22 m) above the radar level.
RaXPol recorded a wind gust of 124.8 m/s (279 mph; 449 km/h) about 200–230 feet (60–70 m) above the radar level. However, this data was later revised to be 132.1 m/s (295 mph; 476 km/h) at 72 ft (22 m) above the radar level.
Official rating
RaXPol recorded a wind gust of 124.8 m/s (279 mph; 449 km/h) about 200–230 feet (60–70 m) above the radar level. However, this data was later revised to be 132.1 m/s (295 mph; 476 km/h) at 72 ft (22 m) above the radar level.
F4
F4
Official rating
F4
Date
April 26, 1991
Location
Ceres, Oklahoma
Minimum peak wind speed
268 mph (431 km/h)
Maximum peak wind speed
280 mph (450 km/h)
Highest confirmed peak wind speed
280 mph (450 km/h)
A University of Oklahoma chase team headed by Howard Bluestein utilized mobile doppler weather radar to analyze the tornado. The radar measured peak winds of 120–125 m/s (270–280 mph; 430–450 km/h) between 150–190 m (490–620 ft) above the surface. At the time, this represented the strongest winds ever measured by radar, including the first measurements of F5 intensity winds.
A University of Oklahoma chase team headed by Howard Bluestein utilized mobile doppler weather radar to analyze the tornado. The radar measured peak winds of 120–125 m/s (270–280 mph; 430–450 km/h) between 150–190 m (490–620 ft) above the surface. At the time, this represented the strongest winds ever measured by radar, including the first measurements of F5 intensity winds.
Official rating
A University of Oklahoma chase team headed by Howard Bluestein utilized mobile doppler weather radar to analyze the tornado. The radar measured peak winds of 120–125 m/s (270–280 mph; 430–450 km/h) between 150–190 m (490–620 ft) above the surface. At the time, this represented the strongest winds ever measured by radar, including the first measurements of F5 intensity winds.
F4
F4
Official rating
F4
Date
May 30, 1998
Location
Spencer, South Dakota
Minimum peak wind speed
234 mph (377 km/h)
Maximum peak wind speed
266 mph (428 km/h)
Highest confirmed peak wind speed
264 mph (425 km/h)
A Doppler on Wheels recorded winds of 264 mph (425 km/h) "well below" 50 metres (160 ft) above the ground level, "perhaps as low as 5–10 metres (16–33 ft) above the radar level". The Doppler on Wheels also recorded a confirmed five-second wind speed average of 112 m/s (250 mph; 400 km/h).
A Doppler on Wheels recorded winds of 264 mph (425 km/h) "well below" 50 metres (160 ft) above the ground level, "perhaps as low as 5–10 metres (16–33 ft) above the radar level". The Doppler on Wheels also recorded a confirmed five-second wind speed average of 112 m/s (250 mph; 400 km/h).
Official rating
A Doppler on Wheels recorded winds of 264 mph (425 km/h) "well below" 50 metres (160 ft) above the ground level, "perhaps as low as 5–10 metres (16–33 ft) above the radar level". The Doppler on Wheels also recorded a confirmed five-second wind speed average of 112 m/s (250 mph; 400 km/h).
EF3
EF3
Official rating
EF3
Date
May 28, 2013
Location
Bennington, Kansas
Minimum peak wind speed
Maximum peak wind speed
Highest confirmed peak wind speed
264 mph (425 km/h)
A Doppler on Wheels recorded winds of 264 mph (425 km/h) approximately 153 ft (47 m) above the ground level.
A Doppler on Wheels recorded winds of 264 mph (425 km/h) approximately 153 ft (47 m) above the ground level.
Official rating
A Doppler on Wheels recorded winds of 264 mph (425 km/h) approximately 153 ft (47 m) above the ground level.
F4
F4
Official rating
F4
Date
May 3, 1999
Location
Mulhall, Oklahoma
Minimum peak wind speed
246 mph (396 km/h)
Maximum peak wind speed
299 mph (481 km/h)
Highest confirmed peak wind speed
257 mph (414 km/h)
A Doppler on Wheels documented the largest-ever-observed core flow circulation with a distance of 1,600 m (5,200 ft) between peak velocities on either side of the tornado, and a roughly 7 km (4.3 mi) width of peak wind gusts exceeding 43 m/s (96 mph), making the Mulhall tornado the largest tornado ever measured quantitatively. The DOW measured a complex multi-vortex structure, with several vortices containing winds of up to 115 m/s (260 mph) rotating around the tornado. The 3D structure of the tornado has been analyzed in a 2005 article in the Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences by Wen-Chau Lee and Joshua Wurman. In 2024, it was published that the radar did measure winds of approximately 257 mph (414 km/h) approximately 30 m (98 ft) above the radar level.
A Doppler on Wheels documented the largest-ever-observed core flow circulation with a distance of 1,600 m (5,200 ft) between peak velocities on either side of the tornado, and a roughly 7 km (4.3 mi) width of peak wind gusts exceeding 43 m/s (96 mph), making the Mulhall tornado the largest tornado ever measured quantitatively. The DOW measured a complex multi-vortex structure, with several vortices containing winds of up to 115 m/s (260 mph) rotating around the tornado. The 3D structure of the tornado has been analyzed in a 2005 article in the Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences by Wen-Chau Lee and Joshua Wurman. In 2024, it was published that the radar did measure winds of approximately 257 mph (414 km/h) approximately 30 m (98 ft) above the radar level.
Official rating
A Doppler on Wheels documented the largest-ever-observed core flow circulation with a distance of 1,600 m (5,200 ft) between peak velocities on either side of the tornado, and a roughly 7 km (4.3 mi) width of peak wind gusts exceeding 43 m/s (96 mph), making the Mulhall tornado the largest tornado ever measured quantitatively. The DOW measured a complex multi-vortex structure, with several vortices containing winds of up to 115 m/s (260 mph) rotating around the tornado. The 3D structure of the tornado has been analyzed in a 2005 article in the Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences by Wen-Chau Lee and Joshua Wurman. In 2024, it was published that the radar did measure winds of approximately 257 mph (414 km/h) approximately 30 m (98 ft) above the radar level.
Official rating
Date
Location
Minimum peak wind speed
Maximum peak wind speed
Highest confirmed peak wind speed
F5
May 3, 1999
Bridge Creek, Oklahoma
281 mph (452 km/h)
321 mph (517 km/h)
321 mph (517 km/h)
In 2007, Joshua Wurman along with other researchers, published that a Doppler on Wheels recorded 135 m/s (300 mph; 490 km/h) approximately 32 metres (105 ft) above the radar level. In 2021, Wurman along with other researchers, revised the data using improved techniques and published that the Doppler on Wheels actually recorded 321 miles per hour (517 km/h) in the tornado.
EF3
May 31, 2013
El Reno, Oklahoma
296 mph (476 km/h)
336 mph (541 km/h)
313 mph (504 km/h)
A Doppler on Wheels recorded winds between 257–336 mph (414–541 km/h) at or less than 100 metres (330 ft) above the radar level in a suction vortex inside the tornado. This was later revised by the Doppler on Wheels team to 291–336 mph (468–541 km/h). In 2015, Howard Bluestein, along with other researchers, reported that the radar did capture at least a moment of winds of 313 miles per hour (504 km/h). This tornado is notable for causing the death of 3 team TWISTEX researchers and was the first tornado recorded to kill storm chasers.
EF4
May 21, 2024
Greenfield, Iowa
309 mph (497 km/h)
318 mph (512 km/h)
≥309 mph (497 km/h)
A Doppler on Wheels recorded winds of 263–271 mph (423–436 km/h) approximately 30–50 m (98–164 ft) above the radar level. Following calculations to more accurately determine peak wind speeds, it was published that ground-relative winds of 309–318 mph (497–512 km/h) could be observed briefly to the immediate east of the main circulation.
EF5
May 24, 2011
Hinton, Oklahoma
289 mph (465 km/h)
296 mph (476 km/h)
mph (475.6 km/h)
RaXPol recorded a wind gust of 124.8 m/s (279 mph; 449 km/h) about 200–230 feet (60–70 m) above the radar level. However, this data was later revised to be 132.1 m/s (295 mph; 476 km/h) at 72 ft (22 m) above the radar level.
F4
April 26, 1991
Ceres, Oklahoma
268 mph (431 km/h)
280 mph (450 km/h)
280 mph (450 km/h)
A University of Oklahoma chase team headed by Howard Bluestein utilized mobile doppler weather radar to analyze the tornado. The radar measured peak winds of 120–125 m/s (270–280 mph; 430–450 km/h) between 150–190 m (490–620 ft) above the surface. At the time, this represented the strongest winds ever measured by radar, including the first measurements of F5 intensity winds.
F4
May 30, 1998
Spencer, South Dakota
234 mph (377 km/h)
266 mph (428 km/h)
264 mph (425 km/h)
A Doppler on Wheels recorded winds of 264 mph (425 km/h) "well below" 50 metres (160 ft) above the ground level, "perhaps as low as 5–10 metres (16–33 ft) above the radar level". The Doppler on Wheels also recorded a confirmed five-second wind speed average of 112 m/s (250 mph; 400 km/h).
EF3
May 28, 2013
Bennington, Kansas
264 mph (425 km/h)
A Doppler on Wheels recorded winds of 264 mph (425 km/h) approximately 153 ft (47 m) above the ground level.
F4
May 3, 1999
Mulhall, Oklahoma
246 mph (396 km/h)
299 mph (481 km/h)
257 mph (414 km/h)
A Doppler on Wheels documented the largest-ever-observed core flow circulation with a distance of 1,600 m (5,200 ft) between peak velocities on either side of the tornado, and a roughly 7 km (4.3 mi) width of peak wind gusts exceeding 43 m/s (96 mph), making the Mulhall tornado the largest tornado ever measured quantitatively. The DOW measured a complex multi-vortex structure, with several vortices containing winds of up to 115 m/s (260 mph) rotating around the tornado. The 3D structure of the tornado has been analyzed in a 2005 article in the Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences by Wen-Chau Lee and Joshua Wurman. In 2024, it was published that the radar did measure winds of approximately 257 mph (414 km/h) approximately 30 m (98 ft) above the radar level.
Wind speed of 300 mph (130 m/s) or above estimated in tornadoes, organized chronologically. · Largest and most powerful tornadoes › Highest winds observed in a tornado
T11
T11
Accepted rating
T11
Date
June 29, 1764
Location
Woldegk, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Holy Roman Empire (now Germany)
Low end peak wind estimate
300 mph (480 km/h)
High end peak wind estimate
Method
Damage survey
Estimating researcher / organization
ESSL
F5
F5
Accepted rating
F5
Date
March 18, 1925
Location
Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana, United States
Low end peak wind estimate
High end peak wind estimate
>300 mph (480 km/h)
Method
Damage survey
Estimating researcher / organization
NWS
F4
F4
Accepted rating
F4
Date
July 20, 1931
Location
Lublin, Poland
Low end peak wind estimate
246 mph (396 km/h)
High end peak wind estimate
336 mph (541 km/h)
Method
Dynamic pressure
Estimating researcher / organization
Gumulski
F5
F5
Accepted rating
F5
Date
May 15, 1968
Location
Charles City, Iowa, United States
Low end peak wind estimate
200 mph (320 km/h)
High end peak wind estimate
300 mph (480 km/h)
Method
Damage survey
Estimating researcher / organization
NWS
F5
F5
Accepted rating
F5
Date
April 3, 1974
Location
Guin, Alabama, United States
Low end peak wind estimate
High end peak wind estimate
285 mph (459 km/h)
Method
Acoustic analysis
Estimating researcher / organization
University of Mississippi
F5
F5
Accepted rating
F5
Date
April 3, 1974
Location
Xenia, Ohio, United States
Low end peak wind estimate
250 mph (400 km/h)
High end peak wind estimate
305 mph (491 km/h)
Method
Academic analysis
Estimating researcher / organization
Fujita
F5
F5
Accepted rating
F5
Date
March 13, 1990
Location
Goessel, Kansas, United States
Low end peak wind estimate
300 mph (480 km/h)
High end peak wind estimate
350 mph (560 km/h)
Method
Academic analysis
Estimating researcher / organization
Fujita, Grazulis
F4
F4
Accepted rating
F4
Date
June 8, 1995
Location
Pampa, Texas, United States
Low end peak wind estimate
300 mph (480 km/h)
High end peak wind estimate
>318 mph (512 km/h)
Method
Photogrammetry
Estimating researcher / organization
Grazulis
Accepted rating
Date
Location
Low end peak wind estimate
High end peak wind estimate
Method
Estimating researcher / organization
Ref
T11
June 29, 1764
Woldegk, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Holy Roman Empire (now Germany)
300 mph (480 km/h)
Damage survey
ESSL
F5
March 18, 1925
Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana, United States
>300 mph (480 km/h)
Damage survey
NWS
F4
July 20, 1931
Lublin, Poland
246 mph (396 km/h)
336 mph (541 km/h)
Dynamic pressure
Gumulski
F5
May 15, 1968
Charles City, Iowa, United States
200 mph (320 km/h)
300 mph (480 km/h)
Damage survey
NWS
F5
April 3, 1974
Guin, Alabama, United States
285 mph (459 km/h)
Acoustic analysis
University of Mississippi
F5
April 3, 1974
Xenia, Ohio, United States
250 mph (400 km/h)
305 mph (491 km/h)
Academic analysis
Fujita
F5
March 13, 1990
Goessel, Kansas, United States
300 mph (480 km/h)
350 mph (560 km/h)
Academic analysis
Fujita, Grazulis
F4
June 8, 1995
Pampa, Texas, United States
300 mph (480 km/h)
>318 mph (512 km/h)
Photogrammetry
Grazulis
Spans without an official F5/EF5 of more than 3.5 years · Exceptional tornado droughts › Longest span without a tornado rated F5/EF5 in the United States
3.921
3.921
Length in Years
3.921
Length in Days
1,431
Start of drought
May 5, 1960
End of drought
April 3, 1964
4.995
4.995
Length in Years
4.995
Length in Days
1,824
Start of drought
April 4, 1977
End of drought
April 2, 1982
4.786
4.786
Length in Years
4.786
Length in Days
1,747
Start of drought
May 31, 1985
End of drought
March 13, 1990
4.090
4.090
Length in Years
4.090
Length in Days
1,493
Start of drought
June 16, 1992
End of drought
July 18, 1996
8.005
8.005
Length in Years
8.005
Length in Days
2,922
Start of drought
May 3, 1999
End of drought
May 4, 2007
12.093
12.093
Length in Years
12.093
Length in Days
4,414
Start of drought
May 20, 2013
End of drought
June 20, 2025
Length in Years
Length in Days
Start of drought
End of drought
3.921
1,431
May 5, 1960
April 3, 1964
4.995
1,824
April 4, 1977
April 2, 1982
4.786
1,747
May 31, 1985
March 13, 1990
4.090
1,493
June 16, 1992
July 18, 1996
8.005
2,922
May 3, 1999
May 4, 2007
12.093
4,414
May 20, 2013
June 20, 2025

References

  1. While the 2025 tornado season has had more March tornado reports with 235, that total is considered preliminary until fi
  2. While the 2024 tornado season has had more May tornado reports with 571, that total is considered preliminary until fina
  3. Although the tornado outbreak of March 31 – April 1, 2023 had 146 tornadoes in total, only 115 occurred on March 31.
  4. The Fujita scale historically only ever assigned final ratings from F0 through F5, however, did account for ratings up t
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  6. In the 2024 university of Illinois publication, no exact windspeed was specified, only a range between 309 and 318. Ther
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