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Titin

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Titin

Titin (; also called connectin) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTN gene. The protein, which is over 1 μm in length, functions as a molecular spring that is responsible for the passive elasticity of muscle. It comprises 244 individually folded protein domains connected by unstructured peptide sequences. These domains unfold when the protein is stretched and refold when the tension is removed. Titin is important in the contraction of striated muscle tissues. It connects the Z disc to the M line in the sarcomere. The protein contributes to force transmission at the Z disc and resting tension in the I band region. It limits the range of motion of the sarcomere in tension, thus contributing to the passive stiffness of muscle. Variations in the sequence of titin between different types of striated muscle (cardiac or skeletal) have been correlated with differences in the mechanical properties of these muscles. Titin is the third most abundant protein in muscle (after myosin and actin), and an adult human contains approximately 0.5 kg of titin. With its length of ~27,000 to ~35,000 amino acids (depending on the splice isoform), titin is the largest known protein. Furthermore, the gene for titin contains the largest number of exons (363) discovered in any single gene, as well as the longest single exon (17,106 bp).

Infobox

Available structures
Available structuresPDBOrtholog search: A2ASS6%20or%20Q8WZ42%20or%20 A2ASS6%20or%20H0Y4J7 PDBe A2ASS6,Q8WZ42, A2ASS6,H0Y4J7 RCSB List of PDB id codes4UOW, 1BPV, 1G1C, 1NCT, 1NCU, 1TIT, 1TIU, 1TKI, 1TNM, 1TNN, 1WAA, 1YA5, 2A38, 2BK8, 2F8V, 2ILL, 2J8H, 2J8O, 2NZI, 2RQ8, 2WP3, 2WWK, 2WWM, 2Y9R, 3KNB, 3LCY, 3LPW, 3PUC, 3Q5O, 3QP3, 4C4K, 4JNW, 4O00, 4QEG, 5BS0
PDB
Ortholog search: A2ASS6%20or%20Q8WZ42%20or%20 A2ASS6%20or%20H0Y4J7 PDBe A2ASS6,Q8WZ42, A2ASS6,H0Y4J7 RCSB
List of PDB id codes
List of PDB id codes4UOW, 1BPV, 1G1C, 1NCT, 1NCU, 1TIT, 1TIU, 1TKI, 1TNM, 1TNN, 1WAA, 1YA5, 2A38, 2BK8, 2F8V, 2ILL, 2J8H, 2J8O, 2NZI, 2RQ8, 2WP3, 2WWK, 2WWM, 2Y9R, 3KNB, 3LCY, 3LPW, 3PUC, 3Q5O, 3QP3, 4C4K, 4JNW, 4O00, 4QEG, 5BS0
Aliases
TTN, CMD1G, CMH9, CMPD4, EOMFC, HMERF, LGMD2J, MYLK5, TMD, titin, SALMY, LGMDR10
External IDs
OMIM: 188840; MGI: 98864; HomoloGene: 130650; GeneCards: TTN; OMA:TTN - orthologs
EC number
2.7.11.1
Gene location (Human)
Gene location (Human)Chr.Chromosome 2 (human)Band2q31.2Start178,525,989 bpEnd178,830,802 bp
Chr.
Chromosome 2 (mouse)
Band
2 C3|2 45.13 cM
End
76,982,547 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Gene location (Mouse)Chr.Chromosome 2 (mouse)Band2 C3|2 45.13 cMStart76,703,980 bpEnd76,982,547 bp
RNA expression pattern
RNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse (ortholog)Top expressed inglutesSkeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachiitriceps brachii muscleSkeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominisright ventriclethoracic diaphragmbody of tonguevastus lateralis muscledeltoid musclemyocardium of left ventricleTop expressed invastus lateralis muscledigastric muscletriceps brachii musclesternocleidomastoid muscleknee jointbody of femurtemporal muscleatriumintercostal musclemedial head of gastrocnemius muscleMore reference expression dataBioGPSMore reference expression data
Bgee
HumanMouse (ortholog)Top expressed inglutesSkeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachiitriceps brachii muscleSkeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominisright ventriclethoracic diaphragmbody of tonguevastus lateralis muscledeltoid musclemyocardium of left ventricleTop expressed invastus lateralis muscledigastric muscletriceps brachii musclesternocleidomastoid muscleknee jointbody of femurtemporal muscleatriumintercostal musclemedial head of gastrocnemius muscleMore reference expression data
BioGPS
More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Gene ontologyMolecular function transferase activity nucleotide binding calcium ion binding protein kinase activity actinin binding muscle alpha-actinin binding structural molecule activity conferring elasticity metal ion binding telethonin binding protease binding protein self-association actin filament binding protein serine/threonine kinase activity kinase activity protein binding identical protein binding enzyme binding protein tyrosine kinase activity structural constituent of muscle ATP binding protein kinase binding calmodulin binding structural constituent of cytoskeleton ankyrin binding Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol I band striated muscle thin filament condensed nuclear chromosome extracellular region Z discdkac muscle myosin complex extracellular exosome nucleus M band sarcomere A band myofibril Biological process sarcomerogenesis muscle contraction mitotic chromosome condensation cardiac muscle contraction phosphorylation cardiac muscle hypertrophy platelet degranulation cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis skeletal muscle thin filament assembly detection of muscle stretch response to calcium ion cardiac myofibril assembly protein phosphorylation muscle filament sliding regulation of protein kinase activity regulation of catalytic activity sarcomere organization skeletal muscle myosin thick filament assembly striated muscle contraction peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation positive regulation of gene expression protein kinase A signaling positive regulation of protein secretion somitogenesis ventricular system development in utero embryonic development heart morphogenesis striated muscle cell development heart growth adult heart development forward locomotion development of the heart regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle actin filament organization striated muscle myosin thick filament assembly Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
OrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez727322138EnsemblENSG00000155657ENSMUSG00000051747UniProtQ8WZ42Q8WZ42RefSeq (mRNA)NM_001256850NM_001267550NM_003319NM_133378NM_133379NM_133432NM_133437NM_011652NM_028004RefSeq (protein)NP_001243779NP_001254479NP_003310NP_596869NP_596870NP_597676NP_597681NP_035782NP_082280NP_001372637NP_001243779NP_001254479NP_003310NP_596869NP_596870NP_597676NP_597681NP_035782NP_082280NP_001372637Location (UCSC)Chr 2: 178.53 – 178.83 MbChr 2: 76.7 – 76.98 MbPubMed search
Species
Human
Entrez
7273
Ensembl
ENSG00000155657
UniProt
Q8WZ42
RefSeq (mRNA)
NM_001256850NM_001267550NM_003319NM_133378NM_133379NM_133432NM_133437
RefSeq (protein)
NP_001243779NP_001254479NP_003310NP_596869NP_596870NP_597676NP_597681NP_035782NP_082280NP_001372637
Location (UCSC)
Chr 2: 178.53 – 178.83 Mb

Tables

· Isoforms
Q8WZ42-1
Q8WZ42-1
Isoform
Q8WZ42-1
Alias/description
The "canonical" sequence
Length (aa)
34,350
Molecular weight (Da)
3,816,030
Formula
C169719H270466N45688O52238S911
Q8WZ42-2
Q8WZ42-2
Isoform
Q8WZ42-2
Length (aa)
34,258
Molecular weight (Da)
3,805,708
Formula
C169275H269708N45560O52092S908
Q8WZ42-3
Q8WZ42-3
Isoform
Q8WZ42-3
Alias/description
Small cardiac N2-B
Length (aa)
26,926
Molecular weight (Da)
2,992,939
Formula
C132976H211857N36129O40882S689
Q8WZ42-4
Q8WZ42-4
Isoform
Q8WZ42-4
Alias/description
Soleus
Length (aa)
33,445
Molecular weight (Da)
3,716,027
Formula
C165321H263444N44558O50781S881
Q8WZ42-5
Q8WZ42-5
Isoform
Q8WZ42-5
Length (aa)
32,900
Molecular weight (Da)
3,653,085
Formula
C162260H258309N43833O50061S902
Q8WZ42-6
Q8WZ42-6
Isoform
Q8WZ42-6
Alias/description
Small cardiac novex-3
Length (aa)
5,604
Molecular weight (Da)
631,567
Formula
C27824H44226N7606O8805S168
Q8WZ42-7
Q8WZ42-7
Isoform
Q8WZ42-7
Alias/description
Cardiac novex-2
Length (aa)
33,615
Molecular weight (Da)
3,734,648
Formula
C166113H264712N44780O51062S888
Q8WZ42-8
Q8WZ42-8
Isoform
Q8WZ42-8
Alias/description
Cardiac novex-1
Length (aa)
34,475
Molecular weight (Da)
3,829,846
Formula
C170339H271418N45856O52421S915
Q8WZ42-9
Q8WZ42-9
Isoform
Q8WZ42-9
Length (aa)
27,118
Molecular weight (Da)
3,013,957
Formula
C133878H213294N36378O41196S696
Q8WZ42-10
Q8WZ42-10
Isoform
Q8WZ42-10
Length (aa)
27,051
Molecular weight (Da)
3,006,755
Formula
C133596H212809N36297O41065S693
Q8WZ42-11
Q8WZ42-11
Isoform
Q8WZ42-11
Length (aa)
33,423
Molecular weight (Da)
3,713,600
Formula
C165210H263273N44531O50747S881
Q8WZ42-12
Q8WZ42-12
Isoform
Q8WZ42-12
Length (aa)
35,991
Molecular weight (Da)
3,994,625
Formula
C177904H283859N47727O54591S930
Q8WZ42-13
Q8WZ42-13
Isoform
Q8WZ42-13
Length (aa)
34,484
Molecular weight (Da)
3,831,069
Formula
C170410H271601N45851O52443S912
Isoform
Alias/description
Length (aa)
Molecular weight (Da)
Formula
Q8WZ42-1
The "canonical" sequence
34,350
3,816,030
C169719H270466N45688O52238S911
Q8WZ42-2
34,258
3,805,708
C169275H269708N45560O52092S908
Q8WZ42-3
Small cardiac N2-B
26,926
2,992,939
C132976H211857N36129O40882S689
Q8WZ42-4
Soleus
33,445
3,716,027
C165321H263444N44558O50781S881
Q8WZ42-5
32,900
3,653,085
C162260H258309N43833O50061S902
Q8WZ42-6
Small cardiac novex-3
5,604
631,567
C27824H44226N7606O8805S168
Q8WZ42-7
Cardiac novex-2
33,615
3,734,648
C166113H264712N44780O51062S888
Q8WZ42-8
Cardiac novex-1
34,475
3,829,846
C170339H271418N45856O52421S915
Q8WZ42-9
27,118
3,013,957
C133878H213294N36378O41196S696
Q8WZ42-10
27,051
3,006,755
C133596H212809N36297O41065S693
Q8WZ42-11
33,423
3,713,600
C165210H263273N44531O50747S881
Q8WZ42-12
35,991
3,994,625
C177904H283859N47727O54591S930
Q8WZ42-13
34,484
3,831,069
C170410H271601N45851O52443S912

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