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Titanic

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Titanic

RMS Titanic was a British ocean liner that sank in the early hours of 15 April 1912 as a result of striking an iceberg on her maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to New York City, United States. Of the estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard, approximately 1,500 died (estimates vary), making the incident one of the deadliest peacetime sinkings of a single ship. Titanic, operated by White Star Line, carried some of the wealthiest people in the world, as well as hundreds of emigrants from the British Isles, Scandinavia, and elsewhere in Europe who were seeking a new life in the United States and Canada. The disaster drew public attention, spurred major changes in maritime safety regulations, and inspired a lasting legacy in popular culture. It was the second time White Star Line had lost a ship on her maiden voyage, the first being RMS Tayleur in 1854. Titanic was the largest ship afloat upon entering service and the second of three Olympic-class ocean liners built for White Star Line. The ship was built by the Harland and Wolff shipbuilding company in Belfast. Thomas Andrews Jr., the chief naval architect of the shipyard, died in the disaster. Titanic was under the command of Captain Edward John Smith, who went down with the ship. White Star Line's chairman, J. Bruce Ismay, survived in a lifeboat. The first-class accommodations were designed to be the pinnacle of comfort and luxury. They included a gymnasium, swimming pool, smoking rooms, fine restaurants and cafes, a Victorian-style Turkish bath, and hundreds of opulent cabins. A high-powered radiotelegraph transmitter was available for passenger use. Titanic had advanced safety features, such as watertight compartments and remotely activated watertight doors, which contributed to the ship's reputation as "unsinkable". Titanic was equipped with sixteen lifeboat davits, each capable of lowering three lifeboats, for a total capacity of 48 boats. Despite this capacity, the ship was scantly equipped with a total of only twenty lifeboats. Fourteen of these were regular lifeboats, two were cutter lifeboats, and four were collapsible and proved difficult to launch while the ship was sinking. Together, the lifeboats could hold 1,178 people - roughly half the number of passengers on board, and a third of the number of passengers the ship could have carried at full capacity (a number consistent with the maritime safety regulations of the era). The British Board of Trade's regulations required fourteen lifeboats for a ship of 10,000 tonnes. Titanic carried six more than required, allowing 338 extra people room in lifeboats. When the ship sank, the lifeboats that had been lowered were only filled up to an average of 60%.

Infobox

Operator
White Star Line
Port of registry
Liverpool, England
Owner
White Star Line
Installed power
24 double-ended and five single-ended boilers feeding two reciprocating steam engines for the wing propellers, and a low-pressure turbine for the centre propeller; output: 46,000 HP
Builder
Harland and Wolff, Belfast
Ordered
17 September 1908
Identification
UK official number 131428 Code letters HVMP Wireless call sign MGY
Way number
400
Launched
31 May 1911
Cost
£1.5 million (£180 million in 2023)
Namesake
Titans
Depth
64 ft 6 in (19.7 m)
Name
RMS Titanic
Beam
92 ft 6 in (28.2 m)
Capacity
2,453 passengers and 874 crew (3,327 in total)
In service
10 April 1912
Propulsion
Two three-blade wing propellers and one centre propeller
Height
175 ft (53.3 m) (keel to top of funnels)
Route
Southampton to New York City
Notes
Lifeboats: 20 (sufficient for 1,178 people)
Status
Wreck
Speed
Service: 21 kn (39 km/h; 24 mph) Max: 23 kn (43 km/h; 26 mph)
Decks
9 (A–G)
Maiden voyage
10 April 1912
Yard number
401
Draught
34 ft 7 in (10.5 m)
Fate
Foundered 15 April 1912 after striking an iceberg
Displacement
52,310 tonnes
Out of service
15 April 1912
Tonnage
46,329 GRT, 21,831 NRT
Laid down
31 March 1909
Length
882 ft 9 in (269.1 m) overall
Class & type
Olympic-class ocean liner
Completed
2 April 1912

Tables

· Aftermath of sinking › Survivors and victims
Children
Children
Sex/Age
Children
Class/crew
First Class
Number aboard
6
Number saved
5
Number lost
1
Percentage saved
83%
Percentage lost
17%
Second Class
Second Class
Sex/Age
Second Class
Class/crew
24
Number aboard
24
Number saved
0
Number lost
100%
Percentage saved
0%
Third Class
Third Class
Sex/Age
Third Class
Class/crew
79
Number aboard
27
Number saved
52
Number lost
34%
Percentage saved
66%
Women
Women
Sex/Age
Women
Class/crew
First Class
Number aboard
144
Number saved
140
Number lost
4
Percentage saved
97%
Percentage lost
3%
Second Class
Second Class
Sex/Age
Second Class
Class/crew
93
Number aboard
80
Number saved
13
Number lost
86%
Percentage saved
14%
Third Class
Third Class
Sex/Age
Third Class
Class/crew
165
Number aboard
76
Number saved
89
Number lost
46%
Percentage saved
54%
Crew
Crew
Sex/Age
Crew
Class/crew
23
Number aboard
20
Number saved
3
Number lost
87%
Percentage saved
13%
Men
Men
Sex/Age
Men
Class/crew
First Class
Number aboard
175
Number saved
57
Number lost
118
Percentage saved
33%
Percentage lost
67%
Second Class
Second Class
Sex/Age
Second Class
Class/crew
168
Number aboard
14
Number saved
154
Number lost
8%
Percentage saved
92%
Third Class
Third Class
Sex/Age
Third Class
Class/crew
462
Number aboard
75
Number saved
387
Number lost
16%
Percentage saved
84%
Crew
Crew
Sex/Age
Crew
Class/crew
885
Number aboard
192
Number saved
693
Number lost
22%
Percentage saved
78%
Total
Total
Sex/Age
Total
Class/crew
2,224
Number aboard
710
Number saved
1,514
Number lost
32%
Percentage saved
68%
Sex/Age
Class/crew
Number aboard
Number saved
Number lost
Percentage saved
Percentage lost
Children
First Class
6
5
1
83%
17%
Second Class
24
24
0
100%
0%
Third Class
79
27
52
34%
66%
Women
First Class
144
140
4
97%
3%
Second Class
93
80
13
86%
14%
Third Class
165
76
89
46%
54%
Crew
23
20
3
87%
13%
Men
First Class
175
57
118
33%
67%
Second Class
168
14
154
8%
92%
Third Class
462
75
387
16%
84%
Crew
885
192
693
22%
78%
Total
2,224
710
1,514
32%
68%

References

  1. Carlisle would leave the project in 1910, before the ships were launched, when he became a shareholder in Welin Davit &
  2. It was kept off-limits to passengers; the famous "flying" scene at the ship's bow from the 1997 film Titanic would not h
  3. Copy of the neoclassical oil painting by Merry-Joseph Blondel
  4. Measurement of lifeboats: 1–2: 25'2" long by 7'2" wide by 3'2" deep; 326.6 cubic feet (9.25 m3); 3–16: 30' long by 9'1"
  5. Since 1894, when the largest passenger ship under consideration was the Cunard Line's 13,000-tonne Lucania, the Board of
  6. He expressed deep disappointment about the decision before the voyage but was presumably greatly relieved afterwards.
  7. Titanic also had a ship's cat, Jenny, who gave birth to a litter of kittens shortly before the ship's maiden voyage; all
  8. Known afterward as the "Unsinkable Molly Brown" due to her efforts in helping other passengers while the ship sank.
  9. Captain Edward Smith had been in command of Titanic's sister Olympic when she in 1911 collided with a warship. Even thou
  10. The official enquiry found that damage extended about 300 feet, but both Edward Wilding's testimony and modern ultrasoun
  11. An incident confirmed this philosophy while Titanic was under construction: the White Star liner Republic was involved i
  12. The Salvation Army newspaper, The War Cry, reported that "none but a heart of stone would be unmoved in the presence of
  13. On 23 April, the Daily Mail reported: "Late in the afternoon hope died out. The waiting crowds thinned, and silent men a
  14. Lord protested his innocence to the end of his life, and many researchers have asserted that the known positions of Tita
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