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Thirteen Colonies

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Thirteen Colonies

The Thirteen Colonies were the British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America which broke away from the British Crown in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and joined to form the United States of America. The Thirteen Colonies in their traditional groupings were: the New England Colonies (New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut); the Middle Colonies (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware); and the Southern Colonies (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia). These colonies were part of British America, which also included territory in The Floridas, the Caribbean, and what is today Canada. The Thirteen Colonies were separately administered under the Crown, but had similar political, constitutional, and legal systems, and each was dominated by Protestant English-speakers. The first of the colonies, Virginia, was established at Jamestown in 1607. Maryland, Pennsylvania, and the New England Colonies were substantially motivated by their founders' concerns related to the practice of religion. The other colonies were founded for business and economic expansion. The Middle Colonies were established on the former Dutch colony of New Netherland. Between 1625 and 1775, the colonial population grew from 2 thousand to 2.4 million, largely displacing the region's Native Americans. The population included people subject to a system of slavery, which was legal in all of the colonies. In the 18th century, the British government operated under a policy of mercantilism, in which the central government administered its colonies for Britain's economic benefit. The 13 colonies had a degree of self-governance and active local elections, and they resisted London's demands for more control over them. The French and Indian War (1754–1763) against France and its Indian allies led to growing tensions between Britain and the 13 colonies. During the 1750s, the colonies began collaborating instead of dealing directly with Britain. With the help of colonial printers and newspapers, these inter-colonial activities and concerns were shared and led to calls for protection of the colonists' "Rights as Englishmen", especially the principle of "no taxation without representation". Late 18th century conflicts with the British government over taxes and rights led to the American Revolution, in which the Thirteen Colonies joined for the first time to form the Continental Congress and raised the Continental Army, declaring independence in 1776. They fought the Revolutionary War with the aid of the Kingdom of France and, to a much lesser degree, the Dutch Republic and the Kingdom of Spain.

Infobox

Status
Colonies
Government
Various colonial arrangements
• 1607–1625
James I and VI (first)
• 1760–1776
George III (last)
• Roanoke Colony
1585
• Virginia Colony
1607
• New England
1620
• Rhode Island Royal Charter
1663
• New Netherland ceded to England
1667
• Treaty of Utrecht
1713
• Province of Georgia
1732
• French and Indian War
1754–1763
• Articles of Association
1774
• Independence declared
1776
• Treaty of Paris
1783
• 1625
1,980
• 1775
2,400,000
Today part of
United States

Tables

Population of the thirteen British colonies[d] · Population of Thirteen Colonies
1610
1610
Year
1610
EstimatedPopulation
350
1620
1620
Year
1620
EstimatedPopulation
2,302
1630
1630
Year
1630
EstimatedPopulation
4,246
1640
1640
Year
1640
EstimatedPopulation
25,734
1650
1650
Year
1650
EstimatedPopulation
49,368
1660
1660
Year
1660
EstimatedPopulation
75,058
1670
1670
Year
1670
EstimatedPopulation
111,935
1680
1680
Year
1680
EstimatedPopulation
151,507
1690
1690
Year
1690
EstimatedPopulation
210,372
1700
1700
Year
1700
EstimatedPopulation
250,588
1710
1710
Year
1710
EstimatedPopulation
331,711
1720
1720
Year
1720
EstimatedPopulation
466,185
1730
1730
Year
1730
EstimatedPopulation
629,445
1740
1740
Year
1740
EstimatedPopulation
905,563
1750
1750
Year
1750
EstimatedPopulation
1,170,760
1760
1760
Year
1760
EstimatedPopulation
1,593,625
1770
1770
Year
1770
EstimatedPopulation
2,148,076
Year
EstimatedPopulation
1610
350
1620
2,302
1630
4,246
1640
25,734
1650
49,368
1660
75,058
1670
111,935
1680
151,507
1690
210,372
1700
250,588
1710
331,711
1720
466,185
1730
629,445
1740
905,563
1750
1,170,760
1760
1,593,625
1770
2,148,076
· Population of Thirteen Colonies
1700
1700
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
1700
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
Percent
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
1755
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
Percent
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
1775
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
Percent
English and Welsh
English and Welsh
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
English and Welsh
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
80.0%
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
English and Welsh
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
52.0%
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
English
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
48.7%
African
African
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
African
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
11.0%
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
African
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
20.0%
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
African
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
20.0%
Dutch
Dutch
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
Dutch
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
4.0%
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
German
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
7.0%
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
Scots-Irish
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
7.8%
Scottish
Scottish
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
Scottish
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
3.0%
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
Scots-Irish
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
7.0%
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
German
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
6.9%
Other European
Other European
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
Other European
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
2.0%
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
Irish
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
5.0%
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
Scottish
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
6.6%
Dutch
Dutch
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
Dutch
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
3.0%
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
French
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
1.4%
Other European
Other European
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
Other European
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
2.0%
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
Swedish
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
0.6%
Colonies
Colonies
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
Colonies
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
100%
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
Colonies
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
100%
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
Thirteen Colonies
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
100%
Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775
1700
Percent
1755
Percent
1775
Percent
English and Welsh
80.0%
English and Welsh
52.0%
English
48.7%
African
11.0%
African
20.0%
African
20.0%
Dutch
4.0%
German
7.0%
Scots-Irish
7.8%
Scottish
3.0%
Scots-Irish
7.0%
German
6.9%
Other European
2.0%
Irish
5.0%
Scottish
6.6%
Scottish
4.0%
Dutch
2.7%
Dutch
3.0%
French
1.4%
Other European
2.0%
Swedish
0.6%
Other
5.3%
Colonies
100%
Colonies
100%
Thirteen Colonies
100%
Slaves imported into Colonial America[77] · Population of Thirteen Colonies › Slavery
21,000
21,000
1620–1700
21,000
1701–1760
189,000
1761–1770
63,000
1771–1780
15,000
Total
288,000
1620–1700
1701–1760
1761–1770
1771–1780
Total
21,000
189,000
63,000
15,000
288,000

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