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The Nutcracker

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The Nutcracker

The Nutcracker (Russian: Щелкунчик, romanized: Shchelkunchik, pronounced [ɕːɪɫˈkunʲt͡ɕɪk] ), Op. 71, is an 1892 two-act classical ballet (conceived as a ballet-féerie; Russian: балет-феерия, romanized: balet-feyeriya) by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, set on Christmas Eve at the foot of a Christmas tree in a child's imagination featuring a Nutcracker doll. The plot is an adaptation of Alexandre Dumas's 1844 short story The Nutcracker, itself a retelling of E. T. A. Hoffmann's 1816 short story The Nutcracker and the Mouse King. The ballet's first choreographer was Marius Petipa, with whom Tchaikovsky had worked three years earlier on The Sleeping Beauty, assisted by Lev Ivanov. Although the complete and staged The Nutcracker ballet was not initially as successful as the 20-minute Nutcracker Suite that Tchaikovsky had premiered nine months earlier, it became popular in later years. Since the late 1960s, The Nutcracker has been danced by many ballet companies, especially in North America. Major American ballet companies generate around 40% of their annual ticket revenues from performances of the ballet. Its score has been used in several film adaptations of Hoffmann's story. Tchaikovsky's score has become one of his most famous compositions. Among other things, the score is noted for its use of the celesta, an instrument the composer had already employed in his much lesser known symphonic ballad The Voyevoda (1891).

Infobox

Music
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Premiere
18 December 1892 (1892-12-18)Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Genre
Classical ballet

Tables

· Musical scenes › Structure
Act I
Act I
Scene
Act I
Tableau I
Tableau I
Scene
Tableau I
No.
1
English title
Scene (The Christmas Tree)
French title
Scène (L'arbre de Noël)
Russian title
Сцена (Сцена украшения и зажигания ёлки)
Tempo indication
Allegro non troppo – Più moderato – Allegro vivace
Notes
scene of decorating and lighting the Christmas tree
2
2
Scene
2
No.
March (also March of the Toy Soldiers)
English title
Marche
French title
Марш
Russian title
Tempo di marcia viva
3
3
Scene
3
No.
Children's Gallop and Dance of the Parents
English title
Petit galop des enfants et Entrée des parents
French title
Детский галоп и вход (танец) родителей
Russian title
Presto – Andante – Allegro
4
4
Scene
4
No.
Dance Scene (Arrival of Drosselmeyer)
English title
Scène dansante
French title
Сцена с танцами
Russian title
Andantino – Allegro vivo – Andantino sostenuto – Più andante – Allegro molto vivace – Tempo di Valse – Presto
Tempo indication
Drosselmeyer's arrival and distribution of presents
5
5
Scene
5
No.
Scene and Grandfather Waltz
English title
Scène et danse du Gross-Vater
French title
Сцена и танец Гросфатер
Russian title
Andante – Andantino – Moderato assai – Andante – L'istesso tempo – Tempo di Gross-Vater – Allegro vivacissimo
6
6
Scene
6
No.
Scene (Clara and the Nutcracker)
English title
Scène
French title
Сцена
Russian title
Allegro semplice – Moderato con moto – Allegro giusto – Più allegro – Moderato assai
Tempo indication
departure of the guests
7
7
Scene
7
No.
Scene (The Battle)
English title
Scène
French title
Сцена
Russian title
Allegro vivo
Tableau II
Tableau II
Scene
Tableau II
No.
8
English title
Scene (A Pine Forest in Winter)
French title
Scène
Russian title
Сцена
Tempo indication
Andante
Notes
a.k.a. "Journey through the Snow"
9
9
Scene
9
No.
Waltz of the Snowflakes
English title
Valse des flocons de neige
French title
Вальс снежных хлопьев
Russian title
Tempo di Valse, ma con moto – Presto
Act II
Act II
Scene
Act II
Tableau III
Tableau III
Scene
Tableau III
No.
10
English title
Scene (The Magic Castle in the Land of Sweets)
French title
Scène
Russian title
Сцена
Tempo indication
Andante
Notes
introduction
11
11
Scene
11
No.
Scene (Clara and Nutcracker Prince)
English title
Scène
French title
Сцена
Russian title
Andante con moto – Moderato – Allegro agitato – Poco più allegro – Tempo precedente
Tempo indication
arrival of Clara and the Prince
12
12
Scene
12
No.
Divertissement
English title
Divertissement
French title
Дивертисмент
a. Chocolate (Spanish Dance)
a. Chocolate (Spanish Dance)
Scene
a. Chocolate (Spanish Dance)
No.
a. Le chocolat (Danse espagnole)
English title
a. Шоколад (Испанский танец)
French title
Allegro brillante
b. Coffee (Arabian Dance)
b. Coffee (Arabian Dance)
Scene
b. Coffee (Arabian Dance)
No.
b. Le café (Danse arabe)
English title
b. Кофе (Арабский танец)
French title
Commodo
c. Tea (Chinese Dance)
c. Tea (Chinese Dance)
Scene
c. Tea (Chinese Dance)
No.
c. Le thé (Danse chinoise)
English title
c. Чай (Китайский танец)
French title
Allegro moderato
d. Trepak (Russian Dance)
d. Trepak (Russian Dance)
Scene
d. Trepak (Russian Dance)
No.
d. Trépak (Danse russe)
English title
d. Трепак (русский танец, карамельная трость)
French title
Tempo di Trepak, Presto
e. Dance of the Reed Flutes
e. Dance of the Reed Flutes
Scene
e. Dance of the Reed Flutes
No.
e. Les Mirlitons (Danse des Mirlitons)
English title
e. Танец пастушков (Датский марципан)
French title
Andantino
f. Mother Ginger and the Polichinelles
f. Mother Ginger and the Polichinelles
Scene
f. Mother Ginger and the Polichinelles
No.
f. La mère Gigogne et les polichinelles
English title
f. Полишинели
French title
Allegro giocoso – Andante – Allegro vivo
13
13
Scene
13
No.
Waltz of the Flowers
English title
Valse des fleurs
French title
Вальс цветов
Russian title
Tempo di Valse
14
14
Scene
14
No.
Pas de Deux
English title
Pas de deux
French title
Па-де-дё
15
15
Scene
15
No.
Final Waltz and Apotheosis
English title
Valse finale et Apothéose
French title
Финальный вальс и Апофеоз
Russian title
Tempo di Valse – Molto meno
Scene
No.
English title
French title
Russian title
Tempo indication
Notes
Listen
Act I
Miniature Overture
Ouverture miniature
Увертюра
Allegro giusto
Tableau I
1
Scene (The Christmas Tree)
Scène (L'arbre de Noël)
Сцена (Сцена украшения и зажигания ёлки)
Allegro non troppo – Più moderato – Allegro vivace
scene of decorating and lighting the Christmas tree
2
March (also March of the Toy Soldiers)
Marche
Марш
Tempo di marcia viva
3
Children's Gallop and Dance of the Parents
Petit galop des enfants et Entrée des parents
Детский галоп и вход (танец) родителей
Presto – Andante – Allegro
4
Dance Scene (Arrival of Drosselmeyer)
Scène dansante
Сцена с танцами
Andantino – Allegro vivo – Andantino sostenuto – Più andante – Allegro molto vivace – Tempo di Valse – Presto
Drosselmeyer's arrival and distribution of presents
5
Scene and Grandfather Waltz
Scène et danse du Gross-Vater
Сцена и танец Гросфатер
Andante – Andantino – Moderato assai – Andante – L'istesso tempo – Tempo di Gross-Vater – Allegro vivacissimo
6
Scene (Clara and the Nutcracker)
Scène
Сцена
Allegro semplice – Moderato con moto – Allegro giusto – Più allegro – Moderato assai
departure of the guests
7
Scene (The Battle)
Scène
Сцена
Allegro vivo
Tableau II
8
Scene (A Pine Forest in Winter)
Scène
Сцена
Andante
Journey through the Snow"
9
Waltz of the Snowflakes
Valse des flocons de neige
Вальс снежных хлопьев
Tempo di Valse, ma con moto – Presto
Act II
Tableau III
10
Scene (The Magic Castle in the Land of Sweets)
Scène
Сцена
Andante
introduction
11
Scene (Clara and Nutcracker Prince)
Scène
Сцена
Andante con moto – Moderato – Allegro agitato – Poco più allegro – Tempo precedente
arrival of Clara and the Prince
12
Divertissement
Divertissement
Дивертисмент
a. Chocolate (Spanish Dance)
a. Le chocolat (Danse espagnole)
a. Шоколад (Испанский танец)
Allegro brillante
b. Coffee (Arabian Dance)
b. Le café (Danse arabe)
b. Кофе (Арабский танец)
Commodo
c. Tea (Chinese Dance)
c. Le thé (Danse chinoise)
c. Чай (Китайский танец)
Allegro moderato
d. Trepak (Russian Dance)
d. Trépak (Danse russe)
d. Трепак (русский танец, карамельная трость)
Tempo di Trepak, Presto
e. Dance of the Reed Flutes
e. Les Mirlitons (Danse des Mirlitons)
e. Танец пастушков (Датский марципан)
Andantino
f. Mother Ginger and the Polichinelles
f. La mère Gigogne et les polichinelles
f. Полишинели
Allegro giocoso – Andante – Allegro vivo
13
Waltz of the Flowers
Valse des fleurs
Вальс цветов
Tempo di Valse
14
Pas de Deux
Pas de deux
Па-де-дё
a. Intrada (Sugar Plum Fairy and Her Cavalier)
a. La Fée-Dragée et le Prince Orgeat
a. Танец принца Оршада и Феи Драже
Andante maestoso
b. Variation I: Tarantella
b. Variation I: Tarantelle (Pour le danseur)
b. Вариация I: Тарантелла
Tempo di Tarantella
c. Variation II: Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy
c. Variation II: Danse de la Fée-Dragée (Pour la danseuse)
c. Вариация II: Танец Феи Драже
Andante ma non troppo – Presto
d. Coda
d. Coda
d. Кода
Vivace assai
15
Final Waltz and Apotheosis
Valse finale et Apothéose
Финальный вальс и Апофеоз
Tempo di Valse – Molto meno

References

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  2. Nutcracker Nation: How an Old World Ballet Became a Christmas Tradition in the New World
  3. Crain's New York Business
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  25. The Rat King Appears
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    https://www.salon.com/2014/12/24/the_nutcrackers_disturbing_origin_story_why_this_was_once_the_worlds_creepiest_ballet/
  95. Freud, Sigmund
    https://web.mit.edu/allanmc/www/freud1.pdf
  96. "Nutcracker Ballet 101"
    http://siouxlandobserver.blogspot.com/2019/12/nutcracker-ballet-101.html
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