| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
| Lance Armstrong | 1971 | — | Professional cyclist renowned for seven consecutive Tour de France wins after surviving cancer. He was stripped of his seven Tour de France titles over a doping controversy. He was born in Plano, but is a long-time resident of Austin. |
| Drew Brees | 1979 | — | Super Bowl winning quarterback for the New Orleans Saints. Attended Westlake High School in Austin. |
| Buffalo Hump | c 1800 | 1870 | War chief of the Penateka band of the Comanche |
| Liz Carpenter | 1920 | 2010 | A journalist, author, political speech writer, humorist, public speaker, and the first female vice president of University of Texas student body, she is one of the founders of National Women's Political Caucus and co-chair of ERAmerica, traveling the country to push for passage of the Equal Rights Amendment. She drafted President Johnson's November 22, 1963, speech to the American public after the assassination of John F. Kennedy. |
| Jody Conradt | 1941 | — | A retired women's basketball head coach, she was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1998, Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in 1999, and the Texas Women's Hall of Fame 1986. She was born in Goldthwaite and resides in Austin. She is the first women's basketball collegiate coach to reach 700 career victories, yet she achieved a 99% graduation rate for the students on her teams. |
| Michael Dell | 1965 | — | Founder of Dell computers, he started the company in Austin and still resides there. |
| Shelley Duvall | 1949 | 2024 | Actress, including The Shining, Popeye. Fort Worth-born, retired to Blanco, in Hill Country, from her long time base in California. |
| John Henry Faulk | 1913 | 1990 | Austin-based radio personality, author, playwright, folklorist, actor, lecturer, blacklisted during the 1950s |
| Kinky Friedman | 1944 | 2024 | American singer, songwriter, novelist, humorist, politician and columnist. Born in Chicago but grew up in Austin. Resided at Echo Hill Ranch near Kerrville. Founded Utopia Animal Rescue Ranch, also located near Kerrville. |
| Fred Gipson | 1908 | 1973 | Novelist who authored Old Yeller, Savage Sam, and Hound Dog Man, lived in Mason |
| Trey Hardee | 1984 | — | World Champion Decathlete and graduate of the University of Texas at Austin |
| Harvey Hilderbran | 1960 | — | State Representative from the western Hill Country since 1989, a Republican from Kerrville |
| Max Hirsch | 1880 | 1969 | National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame thoroughbred horse trainer |
| Betty Holekamp | 1826 | 1902 | German Texas pioneer, also called the "Betsy Ross of Texas" |
| Carl Hoppe | 1897 | 1981 | San Antonio artist who painted scenes of the Texas Hill Country |
| Molly Ivins | 1944 | 2007 | Political author, journalist, humorist from Austin |
| Lady Bird Johnson | 1912 | 2007 | Former First Lady of the United States, Graduate of University of Texas in Austin. Business woman and one-time owner of KTBC radio and television stations turned $17,500 investment into more than $150 million. She bankrolled her husband's initial political career. Buried in Stonewall next to husband Lyndon B. Johnson. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center is named for her decades-long project to beautify America's landscapes |
| Lyndon B. Johnson | 1908 | 1973 | Former President of the United States, born and raised in Stonewall. |
| Tommy Lee Jones | 1946 | — | Actor, born in San Saba. |
| Robert Earl Keen | 1956 | — | Country singer-songwriter, former resident of Bandera, Texas and current resident of Kerrville, Texas |
| Ben Kweller | 1981 | — | Recording artist, singer-songwriter, and actor. Originally from Greenville; now resides in Dripping Springs. |
| Janis Joplin | 1943 | 1970 | Singer and songwriter, born in Port Arthur |
| Herman Lehmann | 1859 | 1932 | Apache captive and then Comanche adoptee (adopted son of Chief Quanah Parker), native of Loyal Valley, 1927 autobiography, Nine Years Among the Indians |
| Hermann Lungkwitz | 1813 | 1891 | Romantic landscape artist and photographer, noted for first pictorial records of the Texas Hill Country |
| Gerald Lyda | 1923 | 2005 | General contractor and cattle rancher, born and raised in the Hill Country community of Marble Falls |
| Johnny Manziel | 1992 | — | The first freshman to win Heisman trophy and quarterback for the Texas A&M University Aggies, from Kerrville |
| Samuel Maverick | 1803 | 1870 | Texas lawyer, politician, land baron and signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence. His name is the source of the term "maverick", first cited in 1867, which means "independently minded". |
| Matthew McConaughey | 1969 | — | Model/Actor, raised in Uvalde; attended The University of Texas at Austin |
| Ben McKenzie | 1978 | — | Actor (The O.C., Southland, Gotham), attended Stephen F. Austin High School in Austin |
| John O. Meusebach | 1812 | 1897 | Founder of Fredericksburg negotiated 1847 Meusebach-Comanche Treaty (unbroken to this date) with Comanche chiefs Buffalo Hump, Santa Anna, Old Owl. Oversaw development of New Braunfels. Elected Texas State Senator for Bexar, Comal and Medina Counties. Buried Marschall-Meusebach Cemetery in Loyal Valley |
| Willie Nelson | 1933 | — | American country singer-songwriter, author, poet, actor and activist. Austin resident |
| Elisabet Ney | 1833 | 1907 | Sculptor, art pioneer, works can be found in the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Texas State Capitol, U.S. Capitol |
| Chester W. Nimitz | 1885 | 1966 | Commander of U.S. Naval forces in the Pacific during World War II was from Fredericksburg and Kerrville |
| Old Owl | c 1795 | 1849 | Civil Chief of the Penateka band of the Comanche Indians |
| Alfred P.C. Petsch | 1887 | 1981 | Lawyer, legislator, civic leader, and philanthropist. Served in the Texas House of Representatives 1925–1941. Veteran of both World War I and World War II. |
| Ann Richards | 1933 | 2006 | Governor of Texas (1991–1995). Resided in Austin. |
| Andy Roddick | 1982 | — | Former professional tennis player who resides in Austin. |
| Santa Anna | c 1795 | 1849 | War Chief of the Penateka band of the Comanche Indians |
| Juan Nepomuceno Seguín | 1806 | 1890 | Served on both sides during the Texas Revolution. Fought with Sam Houston and organized a Tejano rear guard. 1834 Territorial Governor of Texas, 1841 Mayor of San Antonio. Suspicions of his loyalty caused him to flee to Mexico in 1842. Served with Mexico's General Adrian Woll and participated in Woll's 1842 invasion of Texas. Seguin, Texas, is named in his honor. |
| Sixpence None the Richer | 1992 | — | An alternative rock band prominent in the late 1990s with their song "Kiss Me" |
| Frank Van der Stucken | 1858 | 1929 | Music composer, conductor |
| Stevie Ray Vaughan | 1954 | 1990 | Virtuoso Blues guitar player and singer who resided in Austin. |
