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Territorial waters

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Territorial waters

Territorial waters are informally an area of water where a sovereign state has jurisdiction, including internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, and potentially the extended continental shelf (these components are sometimes collectively called the maritime zones). In a narrower sense, the term is often used as a synonym for the territorial sea. Vessels have different rights and duties when passing through each area defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), one of the most ratified treaties. States cannot exercise their jurisdiction in waters beyond the exclusive economic zone, which are known as the high seas.

Infobox

Long title
An Act to provide for the extent of the territorial sea adjacent to the British Islands.
Citation
1987 c. 49
Territorial extent
mw- England and WalesScotlandNorthern IrelandJerseyGuernseyIsle of Man
Royal assent
15 May 1987
Commencement
1 October 1987
Amended by
Coal Industry Act 1994Petroleum Act 1998Finance Act 2006Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009Marine (Scotland) Act 2010Marine Act (Northern Ireland) 2013

Tables

Territorial waters claims by coastal states in 1960[10] · Background
3-mile limit
3-mile limit
Breadth claim
3-mile limit
Number of states
26
4-mile limit
4-mile limit
Breadth claim
4-mile limit
Number of states
3
5-mile limit
5-mile limit
Breadth claim
5-mile limit
Number of states
1
6-mile limit
6-mile limit
Breadth claim
6-mile limit
Number of states
16
9-mile limit
9-mile limit
Breadth claim
9-mile limit
Number of states
1
10-mile limit
10-mile limit
Breadth claim
10-mile limit
Number of states
2
12-mile limit
12-mile limit
Breadth claim
12-mile limit
Number of states
34
More than 12-miles
More than 12-miles
Breadth claim
More than 12-miles
Number of states
9
Unspecified
Unspecified
Breadth claim
Unspecified
Number of states
11
Breadth claim
Number of states
3-mile limit
26
4-mile limit
3
5-mile limit
1
6-mile limit
16
9-mile limit
1
10-mile limit
2
12-mile limit
34
More than 12-miles
9
Unspecified
11

References

  1. DLM means that "the national legislation establishes the limits of a given zone only by reference to the delimitation of
  2. Revised exposé des motifs of the Paris convention as amended by the protocols of 1964, 1982 and 2004
    https://one.oecd.org/document/NEA/NLC/DOC(2020)1/en/pdf
  3. Encyclopedia Britannica
    https://www.britannica.com/topic/territorial-waters
  4. Law of the Sea: A Policy Primer
    https://sites.tufts.edu/lawofthesea/files/2017/07/LawoftheSeaPrimer.pdf
  5. Pace International Law Review
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  7. United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea
    https://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/part2.htm
  8. "New Action to Protect & Preserve U.S. Shores & Oceans"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160412215203/http://clinton4.nara.gov/CEQ/990902a.html
  9. "PREAMBLE TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA"
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  10. "PREAMBLE TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA"
    https://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/part6.htm
  11. Military Law Review
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  12. Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1949, p. 43
  13. text in Department of State Bulletin, September 30, 1945, p. 485
  14. text in Department of State Bulletin, September 30, 1945, p. 486
  15. "PREAMBLE TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA"
    https://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/part7.htm
  16. Ji, Guoxing. (1995). [1] "Maritime Jurisdiction in the Three China Seas" (abstract), UC Berkeley: UC Institute on Global
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  17. www1.mfa.gr
    https://web.archive.org/web/20111025140858/http://www1.mfa.gr/zitimata-ellinotourkikon-sheseon/eidikotera-keimena/aigialitida-zoni-casus-belli.html
  18. "Turkey Maritime claims - Geography"
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  19. "Lov om Norges territorialfarvann og tilstøtende sone §7"
    http://lovdata.no/all/tl-20030627-057-0.html#7
  20. "Lov om afgrænsning af søterritoriet – retsinformation.dk"
    https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=22799
  21. "Accession of Ecuador to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140413143139/http://cancilleria.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/adhesion_convemar_declaracion_adhesion.pdf
  22. "Lógasavn"
    http://logir.fo/Anordning/240-fra-30-04-2002-om-ikrafttraeden-for-Faeroerne-af-lov-om-afgraensning-af-soterritoriet
  23. Alþingi
    http://www.althingi.is/lagas/nuna/1979041.html
  24. Jordanian 12 NM, Flanders Marine Institute (2019). Maritime Boundaries Geodatabase: Territorial Seas (12NM), Retrieved 2
    https://marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=49203
  25. Executive order no. 48, Liberia Government, January 2013.
    http://emansion.gov.lr/doc/Executive_Order_No._48.pdf
  26. "Lov om Norges territorialfarvann og tilstøtende sone §2"
    http://lovdata.no/all/tl-20030627-057-0.html#2
  27. www.paclii.org
    http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/sinodisp/pw/legis/consol_act/ft27126/ft27126.html?stem=&synonyms=&query=title+27
  28. "Legge 3 giugno 1978 n. 347"
    http://unmig.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/unmig/norme/347l78.htm
  29. President of Russia
    http://en.kremlin.ru/supplement/5328
  30. www.un.org
    http://www.un.org/depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/table_summary_of_claims.pdf
  31. Act amending the Act on the Limits of the Territorial Waters of Finland (981/95)
  32. "Laki Suomen aluevesien rajoista 463/1956 - Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö - FINLEX ®"
    https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/1956/463
  33. "DoD Issuances Website: 404 Error Page"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120920202457/http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/20051m_062305/turkey.doc
  34. "Limits in the Seas No. 32 Straight Baselines: Turkey"
    https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/61548.pdf
  35. www.guernseylawofficers.gg
    https://www.guernseylawofficers.gg/article/172796/
  36. American Journal of International Law
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/div-classtitlethe-50-mile-military-boundary-zone-of-north-koreadiv/111417221EB6C214E8EBD3D559C3F5D4
  37. "Would North Korea Shoot Down a US B-1B Bomber? Yes. Could It?"
    https://thediplomat.com/2017/09/would-north-korea-shoot-down-a-us-b-1b-bomber-yes-could-it/
  38. "Submissions, through the Secretary-General of the United Nations, to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, pursuant to article 76, paragraph 8, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982"
    https://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/commission_submissions.htm
  39. Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf Summary of recommendations re: Ascension Island
    https://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/gbr08/gbr_asc_isl_rec_summ.pdf
  40. UN confirms Australia’s rights over extra 2.5 million square kilometres of seabed. Archived 25 October 2009 at the Wayba
    http://minister.ret.gov.au/TheHonMartinFergusonMP/Pages/UNCONFIRMSAUSTRALIA’SRIGHTSOVEREXTRA.aspx
  41. RTE.ie
    https://www.rte.ie/news/2007/1023/marine.html?rss
  42. The Irish Times
    http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2007/0407/breaking1.htm
  43. UN confirms NZ’s extended seabed claim, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Updated 20 January 2009. Retr
    http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Media-and-publications/Features/990-NZ-extended-seabed-claim.php
  44. "Submission by New Zealand"
    https://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/submission_nzl.htm
  45. "Canada's Extended Continental Shelf Program"
    https://science.gc.ca/site/science/en/educational-resources/canadas-extended-continental-shelf-program
  46. "Continental Shelf - Submission by the Canada"
    https://www.un.org/depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/submission_can1_84_2019.html
  47. "Continental shelf of Somalia"
    https://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/preliminary/som_2009_preliminaryinfo.pdf
  48. Gronewold, Nathanial. A Peek Inside the U.N.'s Continental Shelf Commission, New York Times, 14 September 2009.
    https://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2009/09/14/14greenwire-a-peek-inside-the-uns-continental-shelf-commis-64606.html
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