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Terminal High Altitude Area Defense

Updated: Wikipedia source

Terminal High Altitude Area Defense

Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), formerly Theater High Altitude Area Defense, is an American anti-ballistic missile defense system designed to intercept and destroy short-, medium-, and intermediate-range ballistic missiles in their terminal phase (descent or reentry). The THAAD interceptor carries no warhead, instead relying on its kinetic energy of impact to destroy the incoming missile. THAAD was developed after the experience of Iraq's Scud missile attacks during the Gulf War in 1991. Originally a United States Army program, THAAD has come under the umbrella of the Missile Defense Agency. The Navy has a similar program, the sea-based Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System, which also has a land component ("Aegis Ashore"). THAAD was originally scheduled for deployment in 2012, but initial deployment took place in May 2008. THAAD has been deployed in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Israel, Romania, and South Korea. On 17 January 2022, THAAD made its first operational interception of an incoming hostile medium-range ballistic missile in the UAE.

Infobox

Type
Mobile anti-ballistic missile system
Place of origin
United States
In service
2008–present
Used by
United States Army
Designer
Lockheed
Designed
1992–1999
Manufacturer
Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control
Unit cost
US$1.25 billion per batteryUS$12.6 million per missile (FY2017)
Produced
2008–present
No. built
numerous
Mass
2,000 lb (900 kg)
Length
20 ft 3 in (6.17 m)
Diameter
13 in (340 mm) (booster); 15 in (370 mm) (kill vehicle)
Engine
Single-stage rocket by Aerojet Rocketdyne
Propellant
Pratt & Whitney solid-fueled rocket
Operationalrange
120 mi (200 km)
Flight ceiling
93 mi (150 km)
mw- Maximum speed
6,300 mph (2,800 m/s; 10,000 km/h; Mach 8.2)
Guidancesystem
Indium-antimonide imaging infra-red seeker head
Accuracy
0 ft (hit to kill)
Transport
Transporter erector launcher

Tables

Demonstration and validation[16][17] · Development
21 April 1995
21 April 1995
Date
21 April 1995
Result
Success
Notes
First test flight to prove the propulsion system. There was no target in the test.
31 July 1995
31 July 1995
Date
31 July 1995
Result
Aborted
Notes
Kill vehicle control test. The test flight was aborted. There was no target in the test.
13 October 1995
13 October 1995
Date
13 October 1995
Result
Success
Notes
Launched to test its target-seeking system. There was no attempt to hit the target in the test.
13 December 1995
13 December 1995
Date
13 December 1995
Result
Failure
Notes
Failed to hit a test target due to software errors in the missile's fuel system.
22 March 1996
22 March 1996
Date
22 March 1996
Result
Failure
Notes
Failed to hit a test target due to mechanical problems with the kill vehicle's booster separation.
15 July 1996
15 July 1996
Date
15 July 1996
Result
Failure
Notes
Failed to hit a test target due to a malfunction in the targeting system.
6 March 1997
6 March 1997
Date
6 March 1997
Result
Failure
Notes
Failed to hit a test target due to a contamination in the electrical system.
12 May 1998
12 May 1998
Date
12 May 1998
Result
Failure
Notes
Failed to hit a test target due to an electrical short circuit in the booster system. At this point, the U.S. Congress reduced funding for the project due to repeated failures.
29 March 1999
29 March 1999
Date
29 March 1999
Result
Failure
Notes
Failed to hit a test target due to multiple failures, including guidance system.
10 June 1999
10 June 1999
Date
10 June 1999
Result
Success
Notes
Hit a test target in a simplified test scenario.
2 August 1999
2 August 1999
Date
2 August 1999
Result
Success
Notes
Hit a test target in the thermosphere at an altitude of 91 mi (147 km)
Date
Result
Notes
21 April 1995
Success
First test flight to prove the propulsion system. There was no target in the test.
31 July 1995
Aborted
Kill vehicle control test. The test flight was aborted. There was no target in the test.
13 October 1995
Success
Launched to test its target-seeking system. There was no attempt to hit the target in the test.
13 December 1995
Failure
Failed to hit a test target due to software errors in the missile's fuel system.
22 March 1996
Failure
Failed to hit a test target due to mechanical problems with the kill vehicle's booster separation.
15 July 1996
Failure
Failed to hit a test target due to a malfunction in the targeting system.
6 March 1997
Failure
Failed to hit a test target due to a contamination in the electrical system.
12 May 1998
Failure
Failed to hit a test target due to an electrical short circuit in the booster system. At this point, the U.S. Congress reduced funding for the project due to repeated failures.
29 March 1999
Failure
Failed to hit a test target due to multiple failures, including guidance system.
10 June 1999
Success
Hit a test target in a simplified test scenario.
2 August 1999
Success
Hit a test target in the thermosphere at an altitude of 91 mi (147 km)
· Development › Engineering and manufacturing
2005-11-22
2005-11-22
Date
2005-11-22
Result
Success
Notes
Launched a missile in its first Flight EMD Test, known as FLT-01. The test was deemed a success by Lockheed and the Pentagon.
2006-05-11
2006-05-11
Date
2006-05-11
Result
Success
Notes
FLT-02, the first developmental flight test to test the entire system, including interceptor, launcher, radar, and fire control system.
2006-07-12
2006-07-12
Date
2006-07-12
Result
Success
Notes
FLT-03. Intercepted a live target missile.
2006-09-13
2006-09-13
Date
2006-09-13
Result
Aborted
Notes
Hera target missile launched, but had to be terminated in mid-flight before the launch of the FLT-04 missile. This has officially been characterized as a "no test".[citation needed]
Fall 2006
Fall 2006
Date
Fall 2006
Result
Cancelled
Notes
FLT-05, a missile-only test, was postponed until mid-spring 2007.[citation needed]
2007-01-27
2007-01-27
Date
2007-01-27
Result
Success
Notes
FLT-06. Intercepted a "high endo-atmospheric" (just inside Earth's atmosphere) unitary (non-separating) target representing a "SCUD"-type ballistic missile launched from a mobile platform off Kauai in the Pacific Ocean.
2007-04-06
2007-04-06
Date
2007-04-06
Result
Success
Notes
FLT-07 test. Intercepted a "mid endo-atmospheric" unitary target missile off Kauai in the Pacific Ocean. It successfully tested THAAD's interoperability with other elements of the MDS system.
2007-10-27
2007-10-27
Date
2007-10-27
Result
Success
Notes
Conducted a successful exo-atmospheric test at the Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) off Kauai, Hawaii. The flight test demonstrated the system's ability to detect, track and intercept an incoming unitary target above the Earth's atmosphere. The missile was hot-condition tested to prove its ability to operate in extreme environments.
2008-06-27
2008-06-27
Date
2008-06-27
Result
Success
Notes
Downed a missile launched from a C-17 Globemaster III.
2008-09-17
2008-09-17
Date
2008-09-17
Result
Aborted
Notes
Target missile failed shortly after launch, so neither interceptor was launched. Officially a "no test".
2009-03-17
2009-03-17
Date
2009-03-17
Result
Success
Notes
A repeat of the September flight test. This time it was a success.
2009-12-11
2009-12-11
Date
2009-12-11
Result
Aborted
Notes
FLT-11: The Hera target missile failed to ignite after air deployment, and the interceptor was not launched. Officially a "no test".
2010-06-29
2010-06-29
Date
2010-06-29
Result
Success
Notes
FLT-14: Conducted a successful endo-atmospheric intercept of unitary target at lowest altitude to date. Afterward, exercised Simulation-Over-Live-Driver (SOLD) system to inject multiple simulated targets into the THAAD radar to test system's ability to engage a mass raid of enemy ballistic missiles.
2011-10-05
2011-10-05
Date
2011-10-05
Result
Success
Notes
FLT-12: Conducted a successful endo-atmospheric intercept of two targets with two interceptors.
2012-10-24
2012-10-24
Date
2012-10-24
Result
Success
Notes
FTI-01 (Flight Test Integrated 01): test of the integration of THAAD with PAC-3 and Aegis against a raid of 5 missiles of different types. During this engagement THAAD successfully intercepted an Extended Long Range Air Launch Target (E-LRALT) missile dropped from a C-17 north of Wake Island. This marked the first time THAAD had intercepted a Medium Range Ballistic Missile (MRBM). Two AN/TPY-2 were used in the $180M test, with the forward-based radar feeding data into Aegis and Patriot systems as well as THAAD.
2017-07-11
2017-07-11
Date
2017-07-11
Result
Success
Notes
FTT-18 (Flight Test THAAD 18): The FTT-18 test plan was announced to the public on 8 July 2017. The first test of THAAD against an IRBM, FTT-18 successfully occurred on 11 July 2017; an Alaska-based THAAD interceptor, launched from the Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska on Kodiak island, intercepted its target over Alaska airspace. The FTT-18 target simulated an intermediate-range ballistic missile. It was "launched" near Hawaii from the cargo hold of a C-17, being initially dropped by parachute. From there the mock IRBM proceeded in a north-easterly direction until reaching Alaskan airspace, where it was intercepted.
2017-07-30
2017-07-30
Date
2017-07-30
Result
Success
Notes
FET-01 (Flight Experiment THAAD 01): In FET-01, the Missile Defense Agency (MDA) gathered threat data from a THAAD interceptor in flight. THAAD detected, tracked, and intercepted a medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM), which was launched from a C-17 by parachute. Soldiers from the 11th ADA Brigade conducted launcher, fire control, and radar operations without foreknowledge of the launch time. The MDA director, Lieutenant General Sam Greaves stated: "In addition to successfully intercepting the target, the data collected will allow MDA to enhance the THAAD weapon system, our modeling and simulation capabilities, and our ability to stay ahead of the evolving threat."
Date
Result
Notes
2005-11-22
Success
Launched a missile in its first Flight EMD Test, known as FLT-01. The test was deemed a success by Lockheed and the Pentagon.
2006-05-11
Success
FLT-02, the first developmental flight test to test the entire system, including interceptor, launcher, radar, and fire control system.
2006-07-12
Success
FLT-03. Intercepted a live target missile.
2006-09-13
Aborted
Hera target missile launched, but had to be terminated in mid-flight before the launch of the FLT-04 missile. This has officially been characterized as a "no test".[citation needed]
Fall 2006
Cancelled
FLT-05, a missile-only test, was postponed until mid-spring 2007.[citation needed]
2007-01-27
Success
FLT-06. Intercepted a "high endo-atmospheric" (just inside Earth's atmosphere) unitary (non-separating) target representing a "SCUD"-type ballistic missile launched from a mobile platform off Kauai in the Pacific Ocean.
2007-04-06
Success
FLT-07 test. Intercepted a "mid endo-atmospheric" unitary target missile off Kauai in the Pacific Ocean. It successfully tested THAAD's interoperability with other elements of the MDS system.
2007-10-27
Success
Conducted a successful exo-atmospheric test at the Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) off Kauai, Hawaii. The flight test demonstrated the system's ability to detect, track and intercept an incoming unitary target above the Earth's atmosphere. The missile was hot-condition tested to prove its ability to operate in extreme environments.
2008-06-27
Success
Downed a missile launched from a C-17 Globemaster III.
2008-09-17
Aborted
Target missile failed shortly after launch, so neither interceptor was launched. Officially a "no test".
2009-03-17
Success
A repeat of the September flight test. This time it was a success.
2009-12-11
Aborted
FLT-11: The Hera target missile failed to ignite after air deployment, and the interceptor was not launched. Officially a "no test".
2010-06-29
Success
FLT-14: Conducted a successful endo-atmospheric intercept of unitary target at lowest altitude to date. Afterward, exercised Simulation-Over-Live-Driver (SOLD) system to inject multiple simulated targets into the THAAD radar to test system's ability to engage a mass raid of enemy ballistic missiles.
2011-10-05
Success
FLT-12: Conducted a successful endo-atmospheric intercept of two targets with two interceptors.
2012-10-24
Success
FTI-01 (Flight Test Integrated 01): test of the integration of THAAD with PAC-3 and Aegis against a raid of 5 missiles of different types. During this engagement THAAD successfully intercepted an Extended Long Range Air Launch Target (E-LRALT) missile dropped from a C-17 north of Wake Island. This marked the first time THAAD had intercepted a Medium Range Ballistic Missile (MRBM). Two AN/TPY-2 were used in the $180M test, with the forward-based radar feeding data into Aegis and Patriot systems as well as THAAD.
2017-07-11
Success
FTT-18 (Flight Test THAAD 18): The FTT-18 test plan was announced to the public on 8 July 2017. The first test of THAAD against an IRBM, FTT-18 successfully occurred on 11 July 2017; an Alaska-based THAAD interceptor, launched from the Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska on Kodiak island, intercepted its target over Alaska airspace. The FTT-18 target simulated an intermediate-range ballistic missile. It was "launched" near Hawaii from the cargo hold of a C-17, being initially dropped by parachute. From there the mock IRBM proceeded in a north-easterly direction until reaching Alaskan airspace, where it was intercepted.
2017-07-30
Success
FET-01 (Flight Experiment THAAD 01): In FET-01, the Missile Defense Agency (MDA) gathered threat data from a THAAD interceptor in flight. THAAD detected, tracked, and intercepted a medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM), which was launched from a C-17 by parachute. Soldiers from the 11th ADA Brigade conducted launcher, fire control, and radar operations without foreknowledge of the launch time. The MDA director, Lieutenant General Sam Greaves stated: "In addition to successfully intercepting the target, the data collected will allow MDA to enhance the THAAD weapon system, our modeling and simulation capabilities, and our ability to stay ahead of the evolving threat."

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  180. Lockheed Martin
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