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Teresa of Ávila

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Teresa of Ávila

Teresa of Ávila (born Teresa Sánchez de Cepeda Dávila y Ahumada; 28 March 1515 – 4 or 15 October 1582), also called Saint Teresa of Jesus, was a Carmelite nun and prominent Spanish mystic and religious reformer. Active during the Counter-Reformation, Teresa became the central figure of a movement of spiritual and monastic renewal, reforming the Carmelite Orders of both women and men. The movement was later joined by the younger Carmelite friar and mystic Saint John of the Cross, with whom she established the Discalced Carmelites. A formal papal decree adopting the split from the old order was issued in 1580. Her autobiography, The Life of Teresa of Jesus, and her books The Interior Castle and The Way of Perfection are prominent works on Christian mysticism and Christian meditation practice. In her autobiography, written as a defense of her ecstatic mystical experiences, she discerns four stages in the ascent of the soul to God: mental prayer and meditation; the prayer of quiet; absorption-in-God; ecstatic consciousness. The Interior Castle, written as a spiritual guide for her Carmelite sisters, uses the illustration of seven mansions within the castle of the soul to describe the different states one's soul can be in during life. Forty years after her death, in 1622, Teresa was canonized by Pope Gregory XV. On 27 September 1970 Pope Paul VI proclaimed Teresa the first female Doctor of the Church in recognition of her centuries-long spiritual legacy to Catholicism.

Infobox

Born
Teresa Sánchez de Cepeda Dávila y Ahumada28 March 1515Ávila or Gotarrendura, Crown of Castile
Died
4 October 1582(1582-10-04) (aged 67)[a]Alba de Tormes, Crown of Castile
Venerated in
mw- Roman Catholic ChurchAnglican Communion[web 1]Lutheranism[web 2]
Beatified
24 April 1614, Rome by Pope Paul V
Canonized
12 March 1622, Rome by Pope Gregory XV
Major shrine
Convent of the Annunciation, Alba de Tormes, Spain
Feast
15 October
Attributes
Carmelite religious habit, biretta, quill, dove (as an attribute of the Holy Spirit), heart with a christogram
Patronage
Spain, sick people, people in religious orders, chess, people ridiculed for their piety, lacemakers; Požega, Croatia; Talisay, Cebu, Malalag, Davao del Sur, Carles, Iloilo, Philippines
Controversy
Her reforms met with determined opposition and interest from the Spanish Inquisition, but no charges were laid against her. Her order split as a result.
Notable work
Camino de PerfecciónEl Castillo Interior
Era
Catholic Reformation
Tradition or movement
Christian mysticism
Main interests
Theology
Notable ideas
Mental prayer, Prayer of Quiet

Tables

· Mysticism › Nine grades of prayer › Overview
Ascetic
Ascetic
Threefold classification
Ascetic
The Life
Devotion of the Heart
Interior Castle
First mansions
Nine grades
1. vocal prayer
2. mental prayer or prayer of meditation
2. mental prayer or prayer of meditation
Threefold classification
2. mental prayer or prayer of meditation
3. affective prayer
3. affective prayer
Threefold classification
3. affective prayer
Second and third mansions
Second and third mansions
Threefold classification
Second and third mansions
The Life
4. prayer of simplicity, or acquired contemplation or recollection
Illuminative
Illuminative
Threefold classification
Illuminative
The Life
Devotion of Peace
Interior Castle
Fourth mansions
Nine grades
5. infused contemplation or recollection
6. prayer of quiet
6. prayer of quiet
Threefold classification
6. prayer of quiet
Unitive
Unitive
Threefold classification
Unitive
The Life
Devotion of Union
Interior Castle
Fifth mansions
Nine grades
7. prayer of (simple) union
Devotion of Ecstasy
Devotion of Ecstasy
Threefold classification
Devotion of Ecstasy
The Life
Sixth mansions
Interior Castle
8. prayer of conforming or ecstatic union
Seventh mansions
Seventh mansions
Threefold classification
Seventh mansions
The Life
9. prayer of transforming union.
Threefold classification
The Life
Interior Castle
Nine grades
Ascetic
Devotion of the Heart
First mansions
1. vocal prayer
2. mental prayer or prayer of meditation
3. affective prayer
Second and third mansions
4. prayer of simplicity, or acquired contemplation or recollection
Illuminative
Devotion of Peace
Fourth mansions
5. infused contemplation or recollection
6. prayer of quiet
Unitive
Devotion of Union
Fifth mansions
7. prayer of (simple) union
Devotion of Ecstasy
Sixth mansions
8. prayer of conforming or ecstatic union
Seventh mansions
9. prayer of transforming union.

References

  1. At some hour of the night between 4 October and 15 October 1582, the night of the transition in Spain from the Julian to
  2. Pronounced /ˈɑːvɪlə/
  3. mw- .mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw- Spanish pronunciation: [teˈɾesa ˈsantʃeθ de θepeða ˈdaβila i a.u
  4. Libro de su vida
  5. For the creation of the work and an analysis of its transgression of religious decorum, see Franco Mormando's article, "
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  6. Rowe 2011, p. 47 refers to the Castilian Cortes as the "Castilian parliament"
  7. Learn more about what was modified in the modern update of The Interior Castle.
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  8. See: The Autobiography Chs. 10–22
  9. Catholic Dictionary: Prayer of simplicity: "Meditation replaced by a purer, more intimate prayer consisting in a simple
  10. Mental prayer, "oración mental", is not contemplative prayer.
  11. Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018
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  52. 'New Life, iTunes Store'
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  58. Clissold 1982, pp. 63–64.
  59. Aumann 1982, p. 366.
  60. Poulain (1908).
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  63. Merton (2008), p. 245-246.
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  73. William Johnston, The Inner Eye of Love: Mysticism and Religion (Harper Collins 2004 ISBN 0-8232-1777-9), p. 24
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  74. Wallenfang & Wallenfang (2021), p. "B. Mental Prayer or the Prayer of meditation".
  75. Hollenback (1996), p. 535.
  76. Wyhe (2008), p. 174.
  77. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2709 Archived August 1, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
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  78. John Hardon, Modern Catholic Dictionary
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  79. Thomas Dubay, Fire Within (Ignatius Press 1989 ISBN 0-89870-263-1), chapter 5
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  84. Teresa of Ávila (1921), p. 104.
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  106. The Hold Steady – Our Whole Lives
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  119. Columbia Magazine
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  121. Catholic Strength, The Seven Mansions
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  122. St. Teresa's Nine Grades of Prayer
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  126. Museum of Art History
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  127. History and Appreciation of Art II
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  129. Teresa de Jesús at IMDb
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  130. Visions of Ecstasy
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  131. "Teresa"
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