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Ten Commandments

Updated: Wikipedia source

Ten Commandments

The Ten Commandments (Biblical Hebrew: עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים‎, romanized: ʿĂśéreṯ had-Dəḇārîm, lit. 'The Ten Words'), or the Decalogue (from Latin decalogus, from Ancient Greek δεκάλογος, dekálogos, lit. 'ten words'), are religious and ethical directives, structured as a covenant document, that, according to the Hebrew Bible, were given by God to Moses. The text of the Ten Commandments appears in three markedly distinct versions in the Hebrew Bible: at Exodus 20:1–17, Deuteronomy 5:6–21, and the "Ritual Decalogue" of Exodus 34:11–26. The biblical narrative describes how God revealed the Ten Commandments to the Israelites at Mount Sinai amidst thunder and fire, gave Moses two stone tablets inscribed with the law, which he later broke in anger after witnessing the worship of a golden calf, and then received a second set of tablets to be placed in the Ark of the Covenant. Scholars have proposed a range of dates and contexts for the origins of the Decalogue. Interpretations of its content vary widely, reflecting debates over its legal, political, and theological development, its relation to ancient treaty forms, and differing views on authorship and emphasis on ritual versus ethics. Different religious traditions divide the seventeen verses of Exodus 20:1–17 and Deuteronomy 5:4–21 into ten commandments in distinct ways, often influenced by theological or mnemonic priorities despite the presence of more than ten imperative statements in the texts. The Ten Commandments are the foundational core of Jewish law (Halakha), connecting and supporting all other commandments and guiding Jewish ritual and ethics. Most Christian traditions regard the Ten Commandments as divinely authoritative and foundational to moral life, though they differ in interpretation, emphasis, and application within their theological frameworks. The Quran presents the Ten Commandments given to Moses as moral and legal guidance focused on monotheism, justice, and righteousness, paralleling but differing slightly from the biblical version. Interpretive differences arise from varying religious traditions, translations, and cultural contexts affecting Sabbath observance, prohibitions on killing and theft, views on idolatry, and definitions of adultery. Some scholars have criticized the Ten Commandments as outdated, authoritarian, and potentially harmful in certain interpretations, such as those justifying harsh punishments or religious violence, like the Galician Peasant Uprising of 1846. In the United States, they have remained a contentious symbol in public spaces and schools, with debates intensifying through the 20th and 21st centuries and culminating in recent laws in Texas and Louisiana mandating their display—laws now facing legal challenges over separation of church and state. The Ten Commandments have been depicted or referenced in various media, including two major films by Cecil B. DeMille, the Polish series Dekalog, the American comedy The Ten, multiple musicals and films, and a satirical scene in Mel Brooks’s History of the World Part I.

Tables

The Ten Commandments · Commandments text and numbering › Religious traditions
Verses
Verses
LXX
Verses
P
Text
R
Verses
T
Text
—
—
LXX
—
P
—
R
(0)
T
1
S
—
A
—
C
1
L
—
Commandment (KJV)
I am the Lord thy God
Exodus 20:1–17
2
Deuteronomy 5:4–21
6
1
1
LXX
1
P
1
R
1
T
2
S
1
A
1
C
1
L
1
Commandment (KJV)
Thou shalt have no other gods before me
Exodus 20:1–17
3
Deuteronomy 5:4–21
7
2
2
LXX
2
P
2
R
2
T
2
S
1
A
1
C
1
L
1
Commandment (KJV)
Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image
Exodus 20:1–17
4–6
Deuteronomy 5:4–21
8–10
3
3
LXX
3
P
3
R
3
T
3
S
2
A
2
C
2
L
2
Commandment (KJV)
Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain
Exodus 20:1–17
7
Deuteronomy 5:4–21
11
4
4
LXX
4
P
4
R
4
T
4
S
3
A
3
C
3
L
3
Commandment (KJV)
Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy
Exodus 20:1–17
8–11
4
4
LXX
4
P
4
R
4
T
4
S
3
A
3
C
3
L
3
Commandment (KJV)
Observe the sabbath day, to keep it holy
Deuteronomy 5:4–21
12–15
5
5
LXX
5
P
5
R
5
T
5
S
4
A
4
C
4
L
4
Commandment (KJV)
Honour thy father and thy mother
Exodus 20:1–17
12
Deuteronomy 5:4–21
16
6
6
LXX
6
P
8
R
6
T
6
S
5
A
5
C
5
L
5
Commandment (KJV)
Thou shalt not kill
Exodus 20:1–17
13
Deuteronomy 5:4–21
17
7
7
LXX
7
P
6
R
7
T
7
S
6
A
6
C
6
L
6
Commandment (KJV)
Thou shalt not commit adultery
Exodus 20:1–17
14
Deuteronomy 5:4–21
18
8
8
LXX
8
P
7
R
8
T
8
S
7
A
7
C
7
L
7
Commandment (KJV)
Thou shalt not steal
Exodus 20:1–17
15
Deuteronomy 5:4–21
19
9
9
LXX
9
P
9
R
9
T
9
S
8
A
8
C
8
L
8
Commandment (KJV)
Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour
Exodus 20:1–17
16
Deuteronomy 5:4–21
20
10
10
LXX
10
P
10
R
10
T
10
S
9
A
10
C
10
L
9
Commandment (KJV)
Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house
Exodus 20:1–17
17a
10
10
LXX
10
P
10
R
10
T
10
S
9
A
10
C
10
L
9
Commandment (KJV)
Thou shalt not desire thy neighbour's house
Deuteronomy 5:4–21
21b
10
10
LXX
10
P
10
R
10
T
10
S
9
A
9
C
9
L
10
Commandment (KJV)
Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife...
Exodus 20:1–17
17b
Deuteronomy 5:4–21
21a
10
10
LXX
10
P
10
R
10
T
10
S
9
A
10
C
10
L
10
Commandment (KJV)
or his slaves, or his animals, or anything of thy neighbour
Exodus 20:1–17
17c
Deuteronomy 5:4–21
21c
—
—
LXX
—
P
—
R
—
T
—
S
10
A
—
C
—
L
—
Commandment (KJV)
You shall set up these stones, which I command you today, on [Mount] Ārgarizem
Exodus 20:1–17
13d
Deuteronomy 5:4–21
17d
LXX
P
R
T
S
A
C
L
Commandment (KJV)
Exodus 20:1–17
Deuteronomy 5:4–21
Verses
Text
Verses
Text
—
—
(0)
1
—
—
1
—
I am the Lord thy God
2
6
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
Thou shalt have no other gods before me
3
7
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image
4–6
8–10
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain
7
11
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy
8–11
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
Observe the sabbath day, to keep it holy
12–15
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
Honour thy father and thy mother
12
16
6
8
6
6
5
5
5
5
Thou shalt not kill
13
17
7
6
7
7
6
6
6
6
Thou shalt not commit adultery
14
18
8
7
8
8
7
7
7
7
Thou shalt not steal
15
19
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour
16
20
10
10
10
10
9
10
10
9
Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house
17a
10
10
10
10
9
10
10
9
Thou shalt not desire thy neighbour's house
21b
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
10
Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife...
17b
21a
10
10
10
10
9
10
10
10
or his slaves, or his animals, or anything of thy neighbour
17c
21c
—
—
—
—
10
—
—
—
You shall set up these stones, which I command you today, on [Mount] Ārgarizem
13d
17d
· Religious interpretations › Islam › Classical views
First Commandment
First Commandment
Order
First Commandment
Commandment in the Quran
Do not associate others with God
Surat Al-An'am
(151)
Surat Al-Isra
(22)
Corresponding in the Bible
Do not put other gods before me
Second Commandment
Second Commandment
Order
Second Commandment
Commandment in the Quran
Honour your parents
Surat Al-An'am
(23–24)
Surat Al-Isra
Honour thy father and thy mother
Third Commandment
Third Commandment
Order
Third Commandment
Commandment in the Quran
Do not kill your children for fear of poverty
Surat Al-An'am
(26–31)
Surat Al-Isra
Do not murder
Fourth Commandment
Fourth Commandment
Order
Fourth Commandment
Commandment in the Quran
Do not come near indecencies, openly or secretly.
Surat Al-An'am
(32)
Surat Al-Isra
Do not covet thy neighbour's wife, Do not commit adultery
Fifth Commandment
Fifth Commandment
Order
Fifth Commandment
Commandment in the Quran
Do not take a life except justly
Surat Al-An'am
(33)
Surat Al-Isra
Do not murder
Sixth Commandment
Sixth Commandment
Order
Sixth Commandment
Commandment in the Quran
Do not come near the property of the orphan except to enhance it
Surat Al-An'am
(152)
Surat Al-Isra
(34)
Corresponding in the Bible
Do not covet his slaves, or his animals, or anything of thy neighbour
Seventh Commandment
Seventh Commandment
Order
Seventh Commandment
Commandment in the Quran
Give full measure and weigh with justice
Surat Al-An'am
(35)
Surat Al-Isra
Doesn't exist. (And the biblical "Remember the sabbath day" is absent in the Quran.)
Eighth Commandment
Eighth Commandment
Order
Eighth Commandment
Commandment in the Quran
Whenever you testify, maintain justice even regarding a close relative
Surat Al-An'am
(36)
Surat Al-Isra
Do not bear false witness against thy neighbour
Ninth Commandment
Ninth Commandment
Order
Ninth Commandment
Commandment in the Quran
Fulfil your covenant with God
Surat Al-An'am
(34)
Surat Al-Isra
Do not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain
Tenth Commandment
Tenth Commandment
Order
Tenth Commandment
Commandment in the Quran
Follow God's path and not any other
Surat Al-An'am
(153)
Surat Al-Isra
(37–39)
Corresponding in the Bible
Do not make unto thee any graven image or idols neither kneel before them nor worship them
Order
Commandment in the Quran
Surat Al-An'am
Surat Al-Isra
Corresponding in the Bible
First Commandment
Do not associate others with God
(151)
(22)
Do not put other gods before me
Second Commandment
Honour your parents
(23–24)
Honour thy father and thy mother
Third Commandment
Do not kill your children for fear of poverty
(26–31)
Do not murder
Fourth Commandment
Do not come near indecencies, openly or secretly.
(32)
Do not covet thy neighbour's wife, Do not commit adultery
Fifth Commandment
Do not take a life except justly
(33)
Do not murder
Sixth Commandment
Do not come near the property of the orphan except to enhance it
(152)
(34)
Do not covet his slaves, or his animals, or anything of thy neighbour
Seventh Commandment
Give full measure and weigh with justice
(35)
Doesn't exist. (And the biblical "Remember the sabbath day" is absent in the Quran.)
Eighth Commandment
Whenever you testify, maintain justice even regarding a close relative
(36)
Do not bear false witness against thy neighbour
Ninth Commandment
Fulfil your covenant with God
(34)
Do not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain
Tenth Commandment
Follow God's path and not any other
(153)
(37–39)
Do not make unto thee any graven image or idols neither kneel before them nor worship them

References

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  33. You shall have no other gods before me.
  34. You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the e
  35. You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain, for the LORD will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in
  36. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor, and do all your work, but the seventh day is a Sabb
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  38. Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land that the LORD your God is giving you.
  39. Honor your father and your mother, as the LORD your God commanded you, that your days may be long, and that it may go we
  40. You shall not murder.
  41. You shall not commit adultery.
  42. And you shall not commit adultery.
  43. You shall not steal.
  44. And you shall not steal.
  45. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
  46. And you shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
  47. You shall not covet your neighbor's house
  48. And you shall not desire your neighbor's house, his field,
  49. You shall not covet your neighbor's wife …
  50. And you shall not covet your neighbor's wife.
  51. … or his male slave, or his female slave, or his ox, or his donkey, or anything that is your neighbor's.
  52. … or his male slave, or his female slave, his ox, or his donkey, or anything that is your neighbor's.
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  100. From Faith to Faith: John Wesley's Covenant Theology and the Way of Salvation
  101. Methodist Doctrine: The Essentials, 2nd Edition
  102. The Sabbath Recorder, Volume 75
  103. Sebastian Dabovich, Preaching in the Russian Church, p. 65. Cubery (1899).
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  104. Alexander Hugh Hore, Eighteen Centuries of the Orthodox Church, p. 36. J. Parker and Co. (1899).
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  105. Bible Gateway
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  106. Bible Gateway
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  107. "God's Law in Old and New Covenants"
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  108. "Westminster Confession of Faith: Chapter XIX – Of the Law of God"
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  109. Timberland Drive
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  110. NeverThirsty
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  111. Ensign
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  112. Gospel Library
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  113. "Mosiah 12:34–36"
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  114. "Mosiah 13:15–16"
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  115. "Mosiah 13:20–24"
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  116. Encyclopedia of Mormonism
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  117. Mosiah 13:11–26 :The Ten Commandments Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine: "Some may wonder how Abinadi coul
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  118. "Stand in Holy Places – Thomas S. Monson"
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  119. "No Other Gods – Dallin H. Oaks"
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  120. Book of the Law of the Lord, pp. 24–25. This commandment is number four in Strang's version of the Decalogue.
  121. Book of the Law of the Lord, pp. 38–46.
  122. Qasas ul Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Ibn Kathir
  123. The Noble Quran, trans. Muhsin Khan; Taqi-ud-Din Hilali. Verse 7:145
  124. The Noble Quran, trans. Muhsin Khan; Taqi-ud-Din Hilali. Verse 7:154
  125. Tafsir ibn Kathir Archived 4 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine, see Chapter heading for the Commentary of Verse 6:151
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  126. The Infographic Guide to the Bible: The Old Testament: A Visual Reference for Everything You Need to Know
    https://books.google.com/books?id=IUo8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA43
  127. The Quranic Ten Commandments: This Is My Straight Path Al An'am (6:153)
    https://books.google.com/books?id=gCnooQEACAAJ
  128. The numbering of the verses is given in bold while the numbering of the Commandments is in superscript.
  129. The Noble Quran, trans. Muhsin Khan; Taqi-ud-Din Hilali. Verses 6:151–153
  130. The Noble Quran, trans. Muhsin Khan; Taqi-ud-Din Hilali. Verse 6:154
  131. Tafsir ibn Kathir Archived 4 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Commentary of verse 6:151. Al-Hakim said, "Its chain is
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  132. Tafsir ibn Kathir Archived 4 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Commentary of verse 6:151. Isnad: Dawud Al-Awdy narrated
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  133. Synod of Laodicea (4th Century) Archived 15 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine – New Advent
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  134. Exodus 20:13 Archived 21 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine Multiple versions and languages.
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  135. Bloodguilt, Jewish Virtual Library Archived 10 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Genesis 4:10, Genesis 9:6, Genesis
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  136. Matthew 5:21, Matthew 15:19, Matthew 19:19, Matthew 22:7, Mark 10:19, Luke 18:20, Romans 13:9, 1 Timothy 1:9, James 2:11
  137. Matthew 23:30–35, Matthew 27:4, Luke 11:50–51, Romans 3:15, Revelation 6:10, Revelation 18:24
  138. Chapter 32: Statues of Flesh Archived 15 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Barnabas.net
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  139. Gospel of Barnabas chapter XXXIII Latrobe Edu
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  140. Évangile de Barnabé
  141. Alexander Hugh Hore, Eighteen Centuries of the Orthodox Church, J. Parker and co. (1899)"The images or Icons, as they ar
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  142. Collins, R. F. (1992). "Ten Commandments." In D. N. Freedman (Ed.), The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (Vol. 6, p. 386). N
  143. Encyclopaedia Judaica
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  144. Ginzberg, Louis, The Legends of the Jews, Vol. III: The other Commandments Revealed on Sinai Archived 7 August 2018 at t
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  145. Julius Wellhausen 1973 Prolegomena to the History of Israel Glouster, MA: Peter Smith. 392
  146. Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft
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  147. John Bright, 1972, pp. 146–147 4th ed. pp. 150–151 Archived 28 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine
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  148. Cornfeld, Gaalyahu Ed Pictorial Biblical Encyclopedia, MacMillan 1964 p. 237
  149. John Bright, 1972, p. 165 4th ed. pp. 169–170 Archived 28 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine
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  150. The Oldest Document of the Hexateuch
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  152. John Bright, 1972, p. 166 4th ed. pp. 170+ Archived 28 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine
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  154. Israel Finkelstein, Neil Asher Silberman (2002). The Bible Unearthed, p. 70.
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  156. The Ten Commandments: Monuments of Memory, Belief, and Interpretation
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  157. Thomas Römer, The Invention of God (Harvard University Press, 2015), p. 92.
  158. Studia Theologica - Nordic Journal of Theology
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  159. Exodus 34:28
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  162. The Hebrew Bible: A Brief Socio-Literary Introduction. Norman Gottwald, 2008
  163. Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch. T. Desmond Alexander and David Weston Baker, 2003
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  166. Friedman, p. 177
  167. Friedman, Richard Elliott. "Who Wrote The Bible?" 1987 pp. 73–74
  168. Slate Magazine
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  169. Vanity Fair
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  170. America Magazine
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  171. Social-science commentary on the Synoptic Gospels
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  172. America Versus the Ten Commandments: Exploring One Nation's Commitment to Biblical Morality
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  175. What's On God's Sin List for Today?
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  183. Emmet V. Mittlebeeler, (2003) "Ten Commandments." P. 434 in The Encyclopedia of American Religion and Politics. Edited b
  184. "MPR: The Ten Commandments: Religious or historical symbol?"
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  185. PCUSA Assembly Committee on General Assembly Procedures D.3.a https://wayback.archive-it.org/3822/20160614072458/http://
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  186. American Jewish Congress, "AJCongress Voices Opposition to Courtroom Display of ten Commandments," (16 May 2003) Archive
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  187. FindLaw
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  188. The Texas Tribune
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  189. SB 1515 88th Session Legislative Session Archived 17 March 2025 at the Wayback Machine, Texas Legislature Online, April
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  191. NBC News
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  192. Houston Public Media
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  193. CNN
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  194. legis.la.gov
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  195. apnews.com
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  196. slacktivist
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  197. AP News
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  198. AP News
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  199. www.cbsnews.com
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  200. 10 Commandments now in Arkansas classrooms by law
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  201. Bloomberg News
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  202. World
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  203. "The Ten"
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  204. History of the World Part 1 (Mel Brooks) - Old Testament - Moses - Ten Commandments
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