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Tapir

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Tapir

Tapirs ( TAY-pər) are large, herbivorous mammals belonging to the family Tapiridae. They are similar in shape to a pig, with a short, prehensile nose trunk (proboscis). Tapirs inhabit jungle and forest regions of South and Central America and Southeast Asia. They are one of three extant branches of Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates), alongside equines and rhinoceroses. Only a single genus, Tapirus, is currently extant. Tapirs migrated into South America during the Pleistocene epoch from North America after the formation of the Isthmus of Panama as part of the Great American Interchange. Tapirs were present across North America, but became extinct in the region at the end of the Late Pleistocene, around 12,000 years ago.

Tables

· Species › Extant species
Baird's tapir (also called the Central American tapir)
Baird's tapir (also called the Central American tapir)
Common name
Baird's tapir (also called the Central American tapir)
Scientific name
Tapirus bairdii (Gill, 1865)
Distribution
Mexico, Central America and northwestern South America
South American tapir (also called the Brazilian tapir or lowland tapir)
South American tapir (also called the Brazilian tapir or lowland tapir)
Common name
South American tapir (also called the Brazilian tapir or lowland tapir)
Scientific name
Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Distribution
Venezuela, Colombia, and the Guianas in the north to Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay in the south, to Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador in the West.
Mountain tapir (also called the woolly tapir)
Mountain tapir (also called the woolly tapir)
Common name
Mountain tapir (also called the woolly tapir)
Scientific name
Tapirus pinchaque (Roulin, 1829)
Distribution
Eastern and Central Cordilleras mountains in Colombia, Ecuador, and the far north of Peru.
Malayan tapir (also called the Asian tapir, Oriental tapir or Indian tapir)
Malayan tapir (also called the Asian tapir, Oriental tapir or Indian tapir)
Common name
Malayan tapir (also called the Asian tapir, Oriental tapir or Indian tapir)
Scientific name
Tapirus indicus (Desmarest, 1819)
Distribution
Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand
Photo
Common name
Scientific name
Distribution
Baird's tapir (also called the Central American tapir)
Tapirus bairdii (Gill, 1865)
Mexico, Central America and northwestern South America
South American tapir (also called the Brazilian tapir or lowland tapir)
Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Venezuela, Colombia, and the Guianas in the north to Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay in the south, to Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador in the West.
Mountain tapir (also called the woolly tapir)
Tapirus pinchaque (Roulin, 1829)
Eastern and Central Cordilleras mountains in Colombia, Ecuador, and the far north of Peru.
Malayan tapir (also called the Asian tapir, Oriental tapir or Indian tapir)
Tapirus indicus (Desmarest, 1819)
Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand
· Species › Extinct species
M. harrisonensis
M. harrisonensis
Species
Miotapirus M. harrisonensis
N. robustus
N. robustus
Species
Nexuotapirus N. marslandensis N. robustus
P. intermedius
P. intermedius
Species
Paratapirus P. helveticus P. intermedius
P. yagii
P. yagii
Species
Plesiotapirus P. yagii
P. simplex
P. simplex
Species
Protapirus P. aginensis P. bavaricus P. cetinensis P. douvillei P. gromovae P. obliquidens P. priscus P. simplex
Giant tapir (T. augustus) Cope's tapir (T. haysii) T. veroensis
Giant tapir (T. augustus) Cope's tapir (T. haysii) T. veroensis
Species
Tapirus T. arvernensis Croizet & Jobert, 1828 T. augustus Matthew & Granger, 1923 - Formerly Megatapirus T. californicus Merriam, 1912 T. cristatellus Winge, 1906 T. greslebini Rusconi, 1934 T. haysii Simpson, 1945 T. johnsoni Schultz et al., 1975 T. lundeliusi Hulbert, 2010 T. merriami Frick, 1921 T. mesopotamicus Ferrero & Noriega, 2007 T. oliverasi Ubilla, 1983 - Invalid T. polkensis Olsen, 1860 T. rioplatensis Cattoi, 1957 T. rondoniensis Holanda et al., 2011 T. sanyuanensis Huang & Fang, 1991 T. simpsoni Schultz et al., 1975 T. sinensis Owen, 1870 T. tarijensis Ameghino, 1902 T. veroensis Sellards, 1918 T. webbi Hulbert, 2005
Image
Species
Eotapirus E. broennimanni E. ruber
M. harrisonensis
Miotapirus M. harrisonensis
N. robustus
Nexuotapirus N. marslandensis N. robustus
P. intermedius
Paratapirus P. helveticus P. intermedius
P. yagii
Plesiotapirus P. yagii
P. simplex
Protapirus P. aginensis P. bavaricus P. cetinensis P. douvillei P. gromovae P. obliquidens P. priscus P. simplex
Tapiravus T. rarus T. validus
Giant tapir (T. augustus) Cope's tapir (T. haysii) T. veroensis
Tapirus T. arvernensis Croizet & Jobert, 1828 T. augustus Matthew & Granger, 1923 - Formerly Megatapirus T. californicus Merriam, 1912 T. cristatellus Winge, 1906 T. greslebini Rusconi, 1934 T. haysii Simpson, 1945 T. johnsoni Schultz et al., 1975 T. lundeliusi Hulbert, 2010 T. merriami Frick, 1921 T. mesopotamicus Ferrero & Noriega, 2007 T. oliverasi Ubilla, 1983 - Invalid T. polkensis Olsen, 1860 T. rioplatensis Cattoi, 1957 T. rondoniensis Holanda et al., 2011 T. sanyuanensis Huang & Fang, 1991 T. simpsoni Schultz et al., 1975 T. sinensis Owen, 1870 T. tarijensis Ameghino, 1902 T. veroensis Sellards, 1918 T. webbi Hulbert, 2005
· Physical characteristics
3.1.4.3
3.1.4.3
Dentition
3.1.4.3
3.1.3–4.3
3.1.3–4.3
Dentition
3.1.3–4.3
Dentition
3.1.4.3
3.1.3–4.3
· Genetics
Mountain tapir, T. pinchaque
Mountain tapir, T. pinchaque
Malayan tapir, T. indicus
Mountain tapir, T. pinchaque
2n = 52
2n = 76
Baird's tapir, T. bairdii
Baird's tapir, T. bairdii
Malayan tapir, T. indicus
Baird's tapir, T. bairdii
2n = 52
2n = 80
South American tapir, T. terrestris
South American tapir, T. terrestris
Malayan tapir, T. indicus
South American tapir, T. terrestris
2n = 52
2n = 80
Malayan tapir, T. indicus
2n = 52
Mountain tapir, T. pinchaque
2n = 76
Baird's tapir, T. bairdii
2n = 80
South American tapir, T. terrestris
2n = 80

References

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