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Tanzania

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Tanzania

Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to the south; Zambia to the southwest; and Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. According to a 2024 estimate, Tanzania has a population of around 67.5 million, making it the most populous country located entirely south of the equator. Many important hominid fossils have been found in Tanzania. In the Stone and Bronze Age, prehistoric migrations into Tanzania included Southern Cushitic speakers similar to modern day Iraqw people, who moved south from present-day Ethiopia; Eastern Cushitic people who moved into Tanzania from north of Lake Turkana about 2,000 and 4,000 years ago; and the Southern Nilotes, including the Datoog, who originated from the present-day South Sudan–Ethiopia border region between 2,900 and 2,400 years ago. These movements took place at about the same time as the settlement of the Mashariki Bantu from West Africa in the Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika areas. In the late 19th century, the mainland came under German rule as German East Africa. This was followed by British rule after World War I when it was governed as Tanganyika, with the Zanzibar Archipelago remaining a separate colonial jurisdiction. Following their gaining respective independence in 1961 and 1963, the two entities merged in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania. Tanganyika joined the British Commonwealth and Tanzania remains a member of the Commonwealth as a unified republic. Today, the country is a presidential constitutional republic with the federal capital located in Government City (Dodoma); the former capital, Dar es Salaam, retains most government offices and is the country's largest city, principal port, and leading commercial centre. For decades, Tanzania has been ruled by the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) as a de facto one-party state. Tanzania's population comprises about 120 ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups. Christianity is the largest religion in Tanzania, with substantial Muslim and Animist minorities. Over 100 languages are spoken in Tanzania, making it the most linguistically diverse country in East Africa. The country does not have a de jure official language, although the national language is Swahili. English is used in foreign trade, in diplomacy, in higher courts, and as a medium of instruction in secondary and higher education. Arabic is widely spoken in Zanzibar, reflecting its history as a trading center dominated by Arabs. Tanzania is mountainous and densely forested in the north-east, where Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa and the highest single free-standing mountain above sea level in the world, is located. Three of the African Great Lakes are partly within Tanzania. To the north and west lie Lake Victoria, Africa's largest lake, and Lake Tanganyika, the continent's deepest lake, known for its unique species of fish. To the south lies Lake Malawi. The eastern shore is hot and humid, with the Zanzibar Archipelago just offshore. The Menai Bay Conservation Area is Zanzibar's largest marine protected area. The Kalambo Falls, located on the Kalambo River at the Zambian border, is the second-highest uninterrupted waterfall in Africa. Tanzania is one of the most visited tourist destinations for safaris.

Infobox

Capital
Dodoma 6°10′S 35°44′E / 6.167°S 35.733°E / -6.167; 35.733
Largest city
Dar es Salaam06°48′S 39°16′E / 6.800°S 39.267°E / -6.800; 39.267
Official languages
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li SwahiliEnglish[a]
Other languages
Over 100 languages, including (1m ): ShambalaSukumaNyamweziChaggaHaBenaGogoHayaDholuoIraqwMakondeNyaturuMaasaiJitaPare
Religion (2020)
mw- 63.1% Christianity34.1% Islam1.5% no religion1.2% traditional faiths0.1% others
Demonym
Tanzanian
Government
Unitary dominant-party presidential republic
• President
Samia Suluhu Hassan
• Vice-President
Emmanuel Nchimbi
• Prime Minister
Mwigulu Nchemba
• Speaker
Mussa Zungu
• Chief Justice
George Mcheche Masaju
Legislature
National Assembly
• Tanganyika
9 December 1961
• Zanzibar
10 December 1963
• Unification of Tanganyika and Zanzibar
26 April 1964
• Current constitution
25 April 1977
• Total
$88.980 billion (80th)
• Water (%)
6.4
• 2024 estimate
67,462,121 (23rd)
• 2022 census
61,741,120
• Density
65.2/km2 (168.9/sq mi) (147th)
GDP (PPP)
2025 estimate
• Per capita
$1,280 (162nd)
GDP (nominal)
2025 estimate
Gini (2017)
40.5 } }medium inequality
HDI (2023)
0.555medium (165th)
Currency
Tanzanian shilling (TZS)
Time zone
UTC 3 (East Africa Time)
Calling code
255[b]
ISO 3166 code
TZ
Internet TLD
tz
National language
Swahili

Tables

Population in Tanzania[210][211] · Demographics
1950
1950
Year
1950
Millions
7.9
2000
2000
Year
2000
Millions
35.1
2021
2021
Year
2021
Millions
63.6
2024
2024
Year
2024
Millions
67.5
Year
Millions
1950
7.9
2000
35.1
2021
63.6
2024
67.5

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