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Sylvester Turner

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Sylvester Turner

Sylvester Turner (September 27, 1954 – March 5, 2025) was an American politician and attorney who served as the U.S. representative for Texas's 18th congressional district from January 2025 until his death in March 2025. A member of the Democratic Party, Turner served as the 62nd mayor of Houston from 2016 to 2024 and as a member of the Texas House of Representatives from 1989 to 2016. Born and raised in Houston, Turner graduated from the University of Houston with a bachelor's degree in political science and from Harvard Law School with a Juris Doctor. He was first elected to the Texas House of Representatives in 1988 and continued to serve in the Texas House until 2016. Turner ran unsuccessfully for mayor of Houston in 1991 and again in 2003. Turner won the 2015 Houston mayoral election, defeating Bill King by a margin of under two percent in the closest mayoral election in Houston history. On December 14, 2019, Turner won his second term as mayor over Tony Buzbee. In 2024, after the death of Sheila Jackson Lee, Turner announced his candidacy to fill her congressional seat and was nominated at the subsequent convention. He was then elected in November 2024 and took office in January 2025. He served on the Homeland Security Committee and the Science, Space, & Technology Committee. Turner died in the early morning of March 5, 2025, after attending Donald Trump's speech to a joint session of Congress on the previous night.

Infobox

Preceded by
Clint Hackney
Succeeded by
Jarvis Johnson
Born
(1954-09-27)September 27, 1954Houston, Texas, U.S.
Died
March 5, 2025(2025-03-05) (aged 70)Washington, D.C., U.S.
Political party
Democratic
Spouse
mw- Cheryl Gillum (m. 1983; div. 1991)
Children
1
Education
University of Houston (BA)Harvard University (JD)
Website
House website
Party
Democratic

Tables

1992 Texas House of Representatives 139th district election[114][115] · Electoral history › Texas House of Representatives
Party
Party
Primary election
Party
Primary election
Candidate
Primary election
Votes
Primary election
%
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
4,112
Primary election
100.00%
General election
General election
Primary election
General election
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
19,542
Primary election
100.00%
Primary election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
4,112
100.00%
Total votes
4,112
100.00%
General election
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
19,542
100.00%
Total votes
19,542
100.00%
1994 Texas House of Representatives 139th district election[116][117] · Electoral history › Texas House of Representatives
Party
Party
Primary election
Party
Primary election
Candidate
Primary election
Votes
Primary election
%
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
4,278
Primary election
100.00%
General election
General election
Primary election
General election
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
11,944
Primary election
100.00%
Primary election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
4,278
100.00%
Total votes
4,278
100.00%
General election
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
11,944
100.00%
Total votes
11,944
100.00%
1996 Texas House of Representatives 139th district election[118][119] · Electoral history › Texas House of Representatives
Party
Party
Primary election
Party
Primary election
Candidate
Primary election
Votes
Primary election
%
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
2,522
Primary election
100.00%
General election
General election
Primary election
General election
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
17,194
Primary election
100.00%
Primary election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
2,522
100.00%
Total votes
2,522
100.00%
General election
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
17,194
100.00%
Total votes
17,194
100.00%
1998 Texas House of Representatives 139th district election[120][121] · Electoral history › Texas House of Representatives
Party
Party
Primary election
Party
Primary election
Candidate
Primary election
Votes
Primary election
%
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
870
Primary election
100.00%
General election
General election
Primary election
General election
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
12,068
Primary election
100.00%
Primary election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
870
100.00%
Total votes
870
100.00%
General election
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
12,068
100.00%
Total votes
12,068
100.00%
2000 Texas House of Representatives 139th district election[122][123] · Electoral history › Texas House of Representatives
Party
Party
Primary election
Party
Primary election
Candidate
Primary election
Votes
Primary election
%
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
1,824
Primary election
100.00%
General election
General election
Primary election
General election
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
22,642
Primary election
100.00%
Primary election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
1,824
100.00%
Total votes
1,824
100.00%
General election
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
22,642
100.00%
Total votes
22,642
100.00%
2002 Texas House of Representatives 139th district election[124][125] · Electoral history › Texas House of Representatives
Party
Party
Primary election
Party
Primary election
Candidate
Primary election
Votes
Primary election
%
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
4,504
Primary election
100.00%
General election
General election
Primary election
General election
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
18,559
Primary election
100.00%
Primary election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
4,504
100.00%
Total votes
4,504
100.00%
General election
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
18,559
100.00%
Total votes
18,559
100.00%
2004 Texas House of Representatives 139th district election[126][127] · Electoral history › Texas House of Representatives
Party
Party
Primary election
Party
Primary election
Candidate
Primary election
Votes
Primary election
%
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
3,006
Primary election
100.00%
General election
General election
Primary election
General election
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
30,151
Primary election
100.00%
Primary election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
3,006
100.00%
Total votes
3,006
100.00%
General election
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
30,151
100.00%
Total votes
30,151
100.00%
2006 Texas House of Representatives 139th district election[128][129] · Electoral history › Texas House of Representatives
Party
Party
Primary election
Party
Primary election
Candidate
Primary election
Votes
Primary election
%
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
1,221
Primary election
100.00%
General election
General election
Primary election
General election
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
13,969
Primary election
100.00%
Primary election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
1,221
100.00%
Total votes
1,221
100.00%
General election
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
13,969
100.00%
Total votes
13,969
100.00%
2008 Texas House of Representatives 139th district election[130][131] · Electoral history › Texas House of Representatives
Party
Party
Primary election
Party
Primary election
Candidate
Primary election
Votes
Primary election
%
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
17,785
Primary election
100.00%
General election
General election
Primary election
General election
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
35,220
Primary election
100.00%
Primary election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
17,785
100.00%
Total votes
17,785
100.00%
General election
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
35,220
100.00%
Total votes
35,220
100.00%
2010 Texas House of Representatives 139th district election[132][133] · Electoral history › Texas House of Representatives
Party
Party
Primary election
Party
Primary election
Candidate
Primary election
Votes
Primary election
%
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
6,213
Primary election
100.00%
General election
General election
Primary election
General election
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
20,842
Primary election
100.00%
Primary election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
6,213
100.00%
Total votes
6,213
100.00%
General election
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
20,842
100.00%
Total votes
20,842
100.00%
2012 Texas House of Representatives 139th district election[134][135] · Electoral history › Texas House of Representatives
Party
Party
Primary election
Party
Primary election
Candidate
Primary election
Votes
Primary election
%
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
5,231
Primary election
100.00%
General election
General election
Primary election
General election
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
50,626
Primary election
100.00%
Primary election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
5,231
100.00%
Total votes
5,231
100.00%
General election
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
39,022
77.08%
Republican
Sam Brocato
11,604
22.92%
Total votes
50,626
100.00%
2014 Texas House of Representatives 139th district election[136][137] · Electoral history › Texas House of Representatives
Party
Party
Primary election
Party
Primary election
Candidate
Primary election
Votes
Primary election
%
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
3,847
Primary election
100.00%
General election
General election
Primary election
General election
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
21,802
Primary election
100.00%
Primary election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
3,847
100.00%
Total votes
3,847
100.00%
General election
Democratic
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
21,802
100.00%
Total votes
21,802
100.00%
1991 Houston mayoral election[138][139] · Electoral history › Houston Mayor
Party
Party
Primary election
Party
Primary election
Candidate
Primary election
Votes
Primary election
%
General election
General election
Primary election
General election
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
287,965
Primary election
100.00%
Primary election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Nonpartisan
Bob Lanier
138,096
43.66%
Nonpartisan
Sylvester Turner
113,782
35.98%
Nonpartisan
Kathy Whitmire (incumbent)
63,613
20.11%
Nonpartisan
Willie M. Reid
787
0.25%
General election
Nonpartisan
Bob Lanier
152,792
53.06%
Nonpartisan
Sylvester Turner
135,173
46.94%
Total votes
287,965
100.00%
2003 Houston mayoral primary[140] · Electoral history › Houston Mayor
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
293,289
Candidate
100.00%
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Nonpartisan
Bill White
111,596
38.05%
Nonpartisan
Orlando Sanchez
98,072
33.44%
Nonpartisan
Sylvester Turner
82,225
28.04%
Nonpartisan
Anthony Dutrow
401
0.14%
Nonpartisan
John Worldpeace
364
0.12%
Nonpartisan
Jack Terence
320
0.11%
Nonpartisan
Luis Ralph Ullrich, Jr.
311
0.11%
Total votes
293,289
100.00%
2015 Houston mayoral election[141] · Electoral history › Houston Mayor
Party
Party
Primary election
Party
Primary election
Candidate
Primary election
Votes
Primary election
%
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
261,059
Primary election
100.00%
General election
General election
Primary election
General election
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
208,600
Primary election
100.00%
Primary election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Nonpartisan
Sylvester Turner
81,735
31.31%
Nonpartisan
Bill King
65,968
25.27%
Nonpartisan
Adrian Garcia
44,758
17.14%
Nonpartisan
Ben Hall
24,805
9.50%
Nonpartisan
Chris Bell
19,345
7.41%
Nonpartisan
Steve Costello
17,546
6.72%
Nonpartisan
Hoc Thai Nguyen
2,325
0.89%
Nonpartisan
Marty McVey
1,378
0.53%
Nonpartisan
Demetria Smith
1,234
0.47%
Nonpartisan
Victoria A. Lane
908
0.35%
Nonpartisan
Rafael Muñoz Jr.
515
0.20%
Nonpartisan
Dale Steffes
302
0.12%
Nonpartisan
Joe Ferreira
240
0.09%
Total votes
261,059
100.00%
General election
Nonpartisan
Sylvester Turner
104,639
50.16%
Nonpartisan
Bill King
103,961
49.84%
Total votes
208,600
100.00%
2019 Houston mayoral election[141] · Electoral history › Houston Mayor
Party
Party
Primary election
Party
Primary election
Candidate
Primary election
Votes
Primary election
%
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
241,032
Primary election
100.00%
General election
General election
Primary election
General election
Total votes
Total votes
Primary election
Total votes
Primary election
202,106
Primary election
100.00%
Primary election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Nonpartisan
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
111,789
46.38%
Nonpartisan
Tony Buzbee
69,361
28.78%
Nonpartisan
Bill King
33,772
14.01%
Nonpartisan
Dwight Boykins
14,212
5.90%
Nonpartisan
Victoria Romero
2,933
1.22%
Nonpartisan
Sue Lovell
2,932
1.22%
Nonpartisan
Demetria Smith
1,694
0.70%
Nonpartisan
Roy Vasquez
1,556
0.65%
Nonpartisan
Kendall Baker
982
0.41%
Nonpartisan
Derrick Broze
686
0.28%
Nonpartisan
Naoufal Houjami
560
0.23%
Nonpartisan
Johnny Taylor
555
0.23%
Total votes
241,032
100.00%
General election
Nonpartisan
Sylvester Turner (incumbent)
113,262
56.04%
Nonpartisan
Tony Buzbee
88,844
43.96%
Total votes
202,106
100.00%
2024 Texas 18th congressional district election[142] · Electoral history › U.S. House of Representatives
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
218,720
Candidate
100.00%
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Sylvester Turner
151,834
69.42%
Republican
Lana Centonze
66,810
30.55%
Independent
Vince Duncan (write-in)
62
0.03%
Independent
Kevin Dural (write-in)
14
0.01%
Total votes
218,720
100.00%
Democratic hold
· External links
Preceded byAnnise Parker
Preceded byAnnise Parker
Political offices
Preceded byAnnise Parker
Political offices
Mayor of Houston 2016–2024
Political offices
Succeeded byJohn Whitmire
Political offices
Preceded byAnnise Parker
Mayor of Houston 2016–2024
Succeeded byJohn Whitmire
House of Representatives
Preceded byErica Lee Carter
Member of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom Texas's 18th congressional district 2025
Vacant

References

  1. Texas Tribune
    https://www.texastribune.org/2025/03/05/sylvester-turner-texas-houston-dies/
  2. Sylvester Turner for Mayor
    http://www.sylvesterturner.com/about/
  3. The History Makers
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150705212649/http://www.house.state.tx.us/news/member/press-releases/?id=5192
  4. Rotary Club of Houston, TX
    https://rotaryhouston.org/stories/mayor-sylvester-turner
  5. "1979 Ames Moot Court Competition"
    https://hls.harvard.edu/ames-moot-court/ames-moot-court-competition-archive/1979-ames-moot-court-competition/
  6. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2025/03/05/sylvester-turner-houston-dead/
  7. Houston Chronicle
    http://www.chron.com/neighborhood/memorial-news/article/Black-fraternity-has-outreach-education-as-top-1649718.php
  8. "In Memoriam: Brother Congressman Sylvester Turner"
    https://www.instagram.com/apa1906network/p/DG05SXJyalK/
  9. Congressman Sylvester Turner, 18th District of Texas
    https://sylvesterturner.house.gov/about
  10. "BB & A: About us"
    https://www.barnespllc.com/
  11. "Statement from the Office of Congressman Sylvester Turner on His Passing"
    https://sylvesterturner.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/sylvesterturner.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/statement-from-the-office-of-congressman-sylvester-turner-on-his-passing.pdf
  12. Houston Public Media
    https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/news/houston/2025/03/05/515275/longtime-houston-mayor-sylvester-turner-dies-at-age-70-representatives-confirm/
  13. "Sylvester Turner (1954–2025), freshman congressman from Texas"
    https://www.legacy.com/news/celebrity-deaths/sylvester-turner-1954-2025-freshman-congressman-from-texas/
  14. "Sylvester Turner, U.S. Congressman, Former Houston Mayor and UH Alumnus, Passes Away"
    https://uh.edu/news-events/stories/2025/march/03052025-sylvester-turner-obit.php
  15. "Our Campaigns – Houston Mayor Race – Nov 04, 2003"
    http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=37486
  16. Fox Houston
    https://web.archive.org/web/20141229174334/http://www.myfoxhouston.com/story/24688582/sylvester-turner-eyes-houston-mayor-job
  17. OurCampaigns
    http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=37486
  18. "DOLCEFINO KTRK v. TURNER (1998)"
    https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/tx-court-of-appeals/1021199.html
  19. findlaw.com
    https://caselaw.findlaw.com/tx-supreme-court/1406447.html
  20. Texas House of Representatives
    https://house.texas.gov/members/member-page/?district=139
  21. Your Houston News
    http://www.yourhoustonnews.com/deer_park/living/governor-signs-historic-physician-loan-repayment-bill/article_e426911d-056d-503b-a7fb-fa1a0d4b909e.html
  22. DefenderNetwork.com
    https://defendernetwork.com/people/obituaries/congressman-and-former-houston-mayor-sylvester-turner-passes-away/
  23. Houston Chronicle
    http://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/As-mental-illness-permeates-streets-police-jail-4237636.php
  24. Business Wire
    http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20050629005703/en/Texas-Legislature-Responds-Increased-Legal-Aid-Funding#.VY2N-PlViko
  25. Click2Houston
    http://www.click2houston.com/news/houston-mayoral-results-in-runoff-election
  26. "Sylvester Turner announces candidacy for mayor"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20151019064124/http://www.click2houston.com/news/sylvester-turner-announces-candidacy-for-mayor/31377128
  27. Texas Tribune
    https://www.texastribune.org/2015/12/12/houston-mayoral-runoff-election-night/
  28. ABC13 Houston
    https://abc13.com/1066658/
  29. Texas Tribune
    https://www.texastribune.org/2019/12/14/houston-mayor-sylvester-turner-set-claim-easy-reelection-win-runoff/
  30. The Texas Tribune
    https://www.texastribune.org/2019/12/14/houston-mayor-sylvester-turner-set-claim-easy-reelection-win-runoff/
  31. www.houstonchronicle.com
    https://www.houstonchronicle.com/politics/houston/article/turner-budget-deficit-18477647.php
  32. www.meetings-conventions.com
    https://www.meetings-conventions.com/News/Latest-News/Houston-Puerto-Rico-Hurricane-Maria-Harvey
  33. "Mayor Sylvester Turner pushes back after new budget report cites issues within Houston"
    https://abc13.com/budget-city-of-houston-finances-mayor-sylvester-turner-the-greater-project/13977404/
  34. "Houston in Crisis: Mayor drops bombshell on city's financial state – Could tax hikes, budget cuts be on the horizon?"
    https://www.fox26houston.com/news/mayor-john-whitmire-says-the-city-of-houston-is-broke
  35. houstonpublicmedia.org
    https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/news/houston-mayor/2023/11/08/469014/mayor-sylvester-turner-endorses-sheila-jackson-lee-in-houston-mayoral-runoff/
  36. Houston Public Media
    https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/news/politics/2024/08/02/495524/sylvester-turner-amanda-edwards-among-candidates-vying-for-sheila-jackson-lees-open-seat/
  37. The Texas Tribune
    https://www.texastribune.org/2024/08/13/turner-jackson-lee-november-ballot-houston/
  38. stylemagazine.com
    https://stylemagazine.com/news/2025/jan/15/congressman-sylvester-turner-swearing-in-ceremony/
  39. "Sylvester Turner wins in Texas' 18th Congressional District"
    https://www.fox26houston.com/election/sylvester-turner-wins-texas-18th-congressional-district
  40. NBCNews.com
    https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/rep-sylvester-turner-texas-democrat-houston-mayor-dies-70-rcna194875
  41. The Wall Street Journal
    https://www.wsj.com/articles/texas-governor-mayor-split-over-if-houston-needed-evacuations-1503880263
  42. "Why was Houston not evacuated before Hurricane Harvey?"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-41085438
  43. "Houston mayor defends decision not to issue evacuation order"
    https://abcnews.go.com/US/houston-mayor-defends-decision-issue-evacuation-order/story?id=49453471
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    https://apnews.com/article/0af7c31e67ab439b9f23f892d013d418
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  46. Sylvester Turner
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  49. Downtown El Paso
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150714195626/http://www.elpasotimes.com/ci_18052249
  50. "Bill would force agency to consider consumer power costs"
    http://www.chron.com/business/energy/article/Bill-would-force-agency-to-consider-consumer-4368524.php
  51. "Legislation Would Ban Fees for Conserving Electricity"
    http://www.texastribune.org/2015/04/02/legislation-would-ban-fees-conserving-electricity/
  52. Statesman
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150709142422/http://www.statesman.com/news/business/house-gives-utility-commission-emergency-powers/nWyfS/
  53. Texas House of Representatives
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150709172859/http://www.house.state.tx.us/news/member/press-releases/?id=4643&session=83&district=139&bill_code=4685
  54. The Dallas Morning News
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150709130017/http://www.dallasnews.com/business/energy/20150605-electricity-assistance-for-low-income-texans-close-to-reprieve.ece
  55. Houston Chronicle
    http://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/columnists/advocate/article/New-laws-provide-more-protections-for-Texas-5133242.php
  56. "House Journal"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090106223722/http://www.journals.house.state.tx.us/hjrnl/79r/pdf/79rday75final.pdf#page=51
  57. The Dallas Morning News
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150709234500/http://www.dallasnews.com/news/state/headlines/20110423-texas-teacher-pension-fund-gave-more-in-bonuses-than-all-other-state-agencies-combined-analysis-shows.ece
  58. Vote Smart
    http://votesmart.org/bill/13418/35617/8018/reduces-funding-for-state-agencies#.VY2EIflViko
  59. Vote Smart
    http://votesmart.org/bill/13533/35598/8018/management-and-operation-of-public-schools#.VY2EYPlViko
  60. The Texas Tribune
    http://www.texastribune.org/2011/06/16/house-approves-key-education-bills/
  61. Chron
    http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/House-bill-grants-business-667-million-in-4497130.php
  62. City of Houston
    https://www.houstontx.gov/na/
  63. Government of Mexico
    https://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/houston/
  64. Houston Chronicle
    https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Houston-mayor-reassures-immigrants-they-can-seek-12011727.php
  65. Houston Chronicle
    https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Houston-immigrant-advocates-call-for-COVID-19-15322473.php
  66. Church News (Deseret News)
    https://www.thechurchnews.com/2021/6/7/23217708/latter-day-saint-charitiesopen-houston-family-transfer-center-migrants-seeking-asylum/
  67. Houston Chronicle
    https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/immigration/article/houston-opens-migrant-welcome-center-2021-16231691.php
  68. Houston Chronicle
    https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Houston-mayor-City-won-t-help-ICE-with-immigration-11260671.php
  69. The Texas Tribune
    https://www.texastribune.org/2017/05/07/texas-gov-greg-abbott-signs-sanctuary-cities-bill-law/
  70. White House Archives
    https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2016/02/19/welcoming-new-americans-deep-heart-texas
  71. Houston Style Magazine
    https://stylemagazine.com/news/2017/nov/22/2017-annual-awards-houston-hispanic-chamber-commer/
  72. Vote Smart
    http://votesmart.org/bill/13575/35609/8018/interstate-health-care-compact#.VY17PflViko
  73. The Texas Tribune
    http://www.texastribune.org/2013/04/16/house-panel-considers-medicaid-expansion-proposal/
  74. The Statesman
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150924155016/http://www.statesman.com/news/news/hearing-highlights-medicaid-expansion-rift/nWmg8/
  75. impact
    https://communityimpact.com/houston/heights-river-oaks-montrose/coronavirus/2021/12/13/texas-childrens-hospital-to-partner-with-city-of-houston-for-covid-19-vaccine-event/
  76. GlobeNewswire News Room
    https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/05/18/2231947/0/en/Houston-Officially-Welcomes-the-Karya-Kares-Clinic.html
  77. Vote Smart
    http://votesmart.org/bill/12859/34871/8018/requires-an-ultrasound-prior-to-an-abortion#.VY2DxflViko
  78. Vote Smart
    http://votesmart.org/bill/13545/35505/8018/health-care#.VY1_pflViko
  79. The Texas Tribune
    http://www.texastribune.org/2013/06/24/abortion-protests-redistricting-special-session-ne/
  80. San Antonio Current
    http://www.sacurrent.com/Blogs/archives/2013/07/09/anti-abortion-bill-officially-advanced-by-house
  81. El Paso Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20131102041556/https://www.elpasotimes.com/ci_23701512/state-rep-focused-pro-life-message/
  82. The Galveston Daily News
    https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/16961843/
  83. "Texas House Journal"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090106221920/http://www.journals.house.state.tx.us/hjrnl/78r/pdf/day70final.pdf
  84. Vote Smart
    http://votesmart.org/bill/16907/44886/8018/prohibits-state-funds-from-being-used-for-the-enforcement-of-federal-firearm-regulations#.VY1_b_lViko
  85. SB 864 – Reduces Required Hours for Concealed Handgun License Training – Key Vote
    http://votesmart.org/bill/16877/44770/8018/reduces-required-hours-for-concealed-handgun-license-training#.VY19x_lViko
  86. Houston Press
    http://www.houstonpress.com/news/watch-rep-sylvester-turners-cri-de-coeur-for-grand-jury-reform-7438912
  87. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/14/headway/houston-homeless-people.html?action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article
  88. "Group says they will continue to feed homeless despite city's enforcement of anti food sharing ordinance"
    https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/news/houston/2023/03/02/445203/group-says-they-will-continue-to-feed-homeless-despite-citys-enforcement-of-anti-food-sharing-ordinance/
  89. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/aug/04/texas-volunteers-fined-feeding-homeless-heat
  90. The Texas Tribune
    https://www.texastribune.org/2020/02/13/houston-mayor-sylvester-turner-endorses-michael-bloomberg-president/
  91. "Sylvester Turner Endorses Mike Bloomberg In 2020 Democratic Primary"
    https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/news/politics/election-2020/2020/02/13/360499/sylvester-turner-endorses-mike-bloomberg-in-democratic-primary/
  92. "2020 Elections: Bloomberg drops out of presidential race, endorses Biden"
    https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/04/mike-bloomberg-suspends-2020-campaign-120910
  93. FOX 26 Houston
    https://www.fox26houston.com/news/houston-mayor-sylvester-turner-now-endorses-joe-biden
  94. Houston Chronicle
    https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Ex-assistant-district-attorney-gets-prison-in-1858620.php
  95. KPRC-TV Click2Houston
    https://www.click2houston.com/news/local/2021/08/06/photos-houstons-first-daughter-ashley-turner-shares-her-engagement-pictures/
  96. Houston Chronicle
    https://www.houstonchronicle.com/lifestyle/article/First-look-Ashley-Turner-daughter-of-Mayor-17001517.php
  97. Otaku USA Magazine
    https://otakuusamagazine.com/houston-mayor-sylvester-turner-cosplays-every-year/
  98. Houston Chronicle
    https://www.chron.com/houston/article/Anime-Matsuri-cosplay-Mayor-Sylvester-Turner-Demon-16303769.php
  99. Houston Chronicle
    https://www.chron.com/culture/article/houston-mayor-anime-costume-18292244.php
  100. khou.com
    https://www.khou.com/article/news/local/mayor-turner-bone-cancer-diagnosis/285-2c1a4390-142e-46b1-bbdb-1ffe141431ea
  101. Houston Chronicle
    https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/houston-mayor-turner-cancer-17553462.php
  102. Associated Press
    https://apnews.com/article/sylvester-turner-congressman-houston-mayor-ecc30cd520f77a0699b464b23d3fe3b1
  103. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/03/05/trump-presidency-news-speech/#link-M2QOGC66RJDQXLHKZ6JB6VCHDE
  104. People
    https://people.com/sylvester-turner-congressman-houston-mayor-dead-11691129
  105. "Rep. Sylvester Turner remembered: Reaction to former Houston mayor's death"
    https://www.fox26houston.com/news/rep-sylvester-turner-dies-houston-mayor-reaction
  106. "Sylvester Turner, former Houston mayor and Congressman for District 18, dead at 70"
    https://abc13.com/post/sylvester-turner-former-mayor-houston-filled-sheila-jackson-lees-seat-district-18-has-died-abc13-learned/15980136/
  107. "Rep. Sylvester Turner dies: Texas gov. orders flags to half-staff for former Houston mayor"
    https://www.fox26houston.com/news/rep-sylvester-turner-dies-texas-gov-orders-flags-half-staff-former-houston-mayor
  108. "Longtime former Houston Mayor Sylvester Turner honored at City Hall"
    https://www.fox26houston.com/news/longtime-former-houston-mayor-sylvester-turner-honored-city-hall
  109. "Residents, elected officials honor former mayor, U.S. Rep. Sylvester Turner at Houston City Hall"
    https://www.houstonchronicle.com/politics/houston/article/sylvester-turner-city-hall-20208939.php
  110. "State lawmakers, friends honor former Houston Mayor Sylvester Turner's legacy at Texas Capitol"
    https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/news/texas/2025/03/14/515991/state-lawmakers-friends-honor-former-houston-mayor-sylvester-turners-legacy-at-texas-capitol/
  111. "Final farewell for former mayor, Congressman Sylvester Turner"
    https://www.khou.com/article/news/special-reports/remembering-congressman-sylvester-turner/sylvester-turner-funeral-updates-today/285-53e02eb5-c053-48ce-9f16-01a5e76a58e6
  112. "Funeral arrangements finalized for former Houston mayor, U.S. Rep. Sylvester Turner"
    https://www.ktsm.com/news/funeral-arrangements-finalized-for-former-houston-mayor-u-s-rep-sylvester-turner/
  113. The Texas Tribune
    https://www.texastribune.org/2025/11/17/texas-18th-congressional-district-special-election-runoff-date-jan-31-houston/
  114. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist1_state.htm
  115. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist5_state.htm
  116. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist7_state.htm
  117. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist11_state.htm
  118. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist53_state.htm
  119. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist56_state.htm
  120. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist62_state.htm
  121. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist72_state.htm
  122. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist76_state.htm
  123. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist82_state.htm
  124. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist88_state.htm
  125. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist95_state.htm
  126. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist104_state.htm
  127. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist114_state.htm
  128. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist119_state.htm
  129. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist127_state.htm
  130. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist136_state.htm
  131. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist141_state.htm
  132. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist149_state.htm
  133. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist154_state.htm
  134. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist161_state.htm
  135. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist164_state.htm
  136. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist170_state.htm
  137. Texas House of Representatives
    https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist175_state.htm
  138. Our Campaigns
    https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=431809
  139. Our Campaigns
    https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=265645
  140. Our Campaigns
    https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=37486
  141. Ballotpedia
    https://ballotpedia.org/Mayoral_election_in_Houston,_Texas_(2019)
  142. Texas Secretary of State
    https://results.texas-election.com/races
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