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Surgeon General of the United States

Updated: Wikipedia source

Surgeon General of the United States

The surgeon general of the United States is the operational head of the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (PHSCC) and thus the leading spokesperson on matters of public health in the federal government of the United States. The surgeon general's office and staff are known as the Office of the Surgeon General (OSG), which is housed within the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health. The U.S. surgeon general is nominated by the president of the United States and confirmed by the Senate. The surgeon general must be appointed from individuals who are members of the regular corps of the U.S. Public Health Service and have specialized training or significant experience in public health programs. However, there is no time requirement for membership in the Public Health Service before holding the office of the Surgeon General, and nominees traditionally were appointed as members of the Public Health Service and as surgeon general at the same time. The surgeon general serves a four-year term of office and, depending on whether the current assistant secretary for health is a commissioned corps officer, is either the senior or next-most senior uniformed officer of the commissioned corps, holding the rank of vice admiral.

Infobox

Seat
Hubert H. Humphrey Building, United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Washington, D.C.
Style
Surgeon GeneralVice Admiral
Deputy
Deputy Surgeon General
Website
www.SurgeonGeneral.gov
Appointer
President of the United Stateswith United States Senate advice and consent
Formation
March 29, 1871
Reports to
United States Assistant Secretary for Health
Term length
4 years
Abbreviation
SGVADM
First holder
John M. Woodworth (as supervising surgeon)
Constituting instrument
42 U.S.C. § 205 and42 U.S.C. § 207

Tables

· List of surgeons general of the United States
Time in office
Time in office
No.
Took office
Name(Birth–Death)
Time in office
John M. Woodworth(1837–1879)
John M. Woodworth(1837–1879)
No.
1
Name(Birth–Death)
John M. Woodworth(1837–1879)
Term of office
March 29, 1871
Term of office
March 14, 1879
Term of office
7 years, 350 days
Appointed by(term)
Ulysses S. Grant(1869–1877)
CommodoreJohn B. Hamilton(1847–1898)
CommodoreJohn B. Hamilton(1847–1898)
No.
2
Name(Birth–Death)
CommodoreJohn B. Hamilton(1847–1898)
Term of office
April 3, 1879
Term of office
June 1, 1891
Term of office
12 years, 59 days
Appointed by(term)
Rutherford B. Hayes(1877–1881)
CommodoreWalter Wyman(1848–1911)
CommodoreWalter Wyman(1848–1911)
No.
3
Name(Birth–Death)
CommodoreWalter Wyman(1848–1911)
Term of office
June 1, 1891
Term of office
November 21, 1911
Term of office
20 years, 173 days
Appointed by(term)
Benjamin Harrison(1889–1893)
CommodoreRupert Blue(1868–1948)
CommodoreRupert Blue(1868–1948)
No.
4
Name(Birth–Death)
CommodoreRupert Blue(1868–1948)
Term of office
January 13, 1912
Term of office
March 3, 1920
Term of office
8 years, 50 days
Appointed by(term)
William Howard Taft(1909–1913)
Rear AdmiralHugh S. Cumming(1869–1948)
Rear AdmiralHugh S. Cumming(1869–1948)
No.
5
Name(Birth–Death)
Rear AdmiralHugh S. Cumming(1869–1948)
Term of office
March 3, 1920
Term of office
January 31, 1936
Term of office
15 years, 334 days
Appointed by(term)
Woodrow Wilson(1913–1921)
Rear AdmiralThomas Parran Jr.(1892–1968)
Rear AdmiralThomas Parran Jr.(1892–1968)
No.
6
Name(Birth–Death)
Rear AdmiralThomas Parran Jr.(1892–1968)
Term of office
April 6, 1936
Term of office
April 6, 1948
Term of office
12 years, 0 days
Appointed by(term)
Franklin D. Roosevelt(1933–1945)
Rear AdmiralLeonard A. Scheele(1907–1993)
Rear AdmiralLeonard A. Scheele(1907–1993)
No.
7
Name(Birth–Death)
Rear AdmiralLeonard A. Scheele(1907–1993)
Term of office
April 6, 1948
Term of office
August 8, 1956
Term of office
8 years, 124 days
Appointed by(term)
Harry S. Truman(1945–1953)
Rear AdmiralLeroy E. Burney(1906–1998)
Rear AdmiralLeroy E. Burney(1906–1998)
No.
8
Name(Birth–Death)
Rear AdmiralLeroy E. Burney(1906–1998)
Term of office
August 8, 1956
Term of office
January 29, 1961
Term of office
4 years, 174 days
Appointed by(term)
Dwight D. Eisenhower(1953–1961)
Luther Terry(1911–1985)
Luther Terry(1911–1985)
No.
9
Name(Birth–Death)
Luther Terry(1911–1985)
Term of office
March 2, 1961
Term of office
October 1, 1965
Term of office
4 years, 213 days
Appointed by(term)
John F. Kennedy(1961–1963)
William H. Stewart(1921–2008)
William H. Stewart(1921–2008)
No.
10
Name(Birth–Death)
William H. Stewart(1921–2008)
Term of office
October 1, 1965
Term of office
August 1, 1969
Term of office
3 years, 304 days
Appointed by(term)
Lyndon B. Johnson(1963–1969)
Rear AdmiralRichard A. Prindle(c. 1926–2001)Acting
Rear AdmiralRichard A. Prindle(c. 1926–2001)Acting
No.
–
Name(Birth–Death)
Rear AdmiralRichard A. Prindle(c. 1926–2001)Acting
Term of office
August 1, 1969
Term of office
December 18, 1969
Term of office
139 days
Appointed by(term)
Richard Nixon(1969–1974)
Jesse L. Steinfeld(1927–2014)
Jesse L. Steinfeld(1927–2014)
No.
11
Name(Birth–Death)
Jesse L. Steinfeld(1927–2014)
Term of office
December 18, 1969
Term of office
January 30, 1973
Term of office
3 years, 43 days
Rear AdmiralS. Paul Ehrlich Jr.(1932–2005)Acting
Rear AdmiralS. Paul Ehrlich Jr.(1932–2005)Acting
No.
–
Name(Birth–Death)
Rear AdmiralS. Paul Ehrlich Jr.(1932–2005)Acting
Term of office
January 31, 1973
Term of office
July 13, 1977
Term of office
4 years, 163 days
Vice AdmiralJulius B. Richmond(1916–2008)
Vice AdmiralJulius B. Richmond(1916–2008)
No.
12
Name(Birth–Death)
Vice AdmiralJulius B. Richmond(1916–2008)
Term of office
July 13, 1977
Term of office
January 20, 1981
Term of office
3 years, 191 days
Appointed by(term)
Jimmy Carter(1977–1981)
Rear AdmiralJohn C. Greene(1936–2016)Acting
Rear AdmiralJohn C. Greene(1936–2016)Acting
No.
–
Name(Birth–Death)
Rear AdmiralJohn C. Greene(1936–2016)Acting
Term of office
January 21, 1981
Term of office
May 14, 1981
Term of office
113 days
Appointed by(term)
Ronald Reagan(1981–1989)
Edward Brandt Jr.(1933–2007)Acting
Edward Brandt Jr.(1933–2007)Acting
No.
–
Name(Birth–Death)
Edward Brandt Jr.(1933–2007)Acting
Term of office
May 14, 1981
Term of office
January 21, 1982
Term of office
252 days
Vice AdmiralC. Everett Koop(1916–2013)
Vice AdmiralC. Everett Koop(1916–2013)
No.
13
Name(Birth–Death)
Vice AdmiralC. Everett Koop(1916–2013)
Term of office
January 21, 1982
Term of office
October 1, 1989
Term of office
7 years, 253 days
AdmiralJames O. Mason(1930–2019)Acting
AdmiralJames O. Mason(1930–2019)Acting
No.
–
Name(Birth–Death)
AdmiralJames O. Mason(1930–2019)Acting
Term of office
October 1, 1989
Term of office
March 9, 1990
Term of office
159 days
Appointed by(term)
George H. W. Bush(1989–1993)
Vice AdmiralAntonia Novello(born 1944)
Vice AdmiralAntonia Novello(born 1944)
No.
14
Name(Birth–Death)
Vice AdmiralAntonia Novello(born 1944)
Term of office
March 9, 1990
Term of office
June 30, 1993
Term of office
3 years, 113 days
Rear AdmiralRobert A. Whitney(born 1935)Acting
Rear AdmiralRobert A. Whitney(born 1935)Acting
No.
–
Name(Birth–Death)
Rear AdmiralRobert A. Whitney(born 1935)Acting
Term of office
July 1, 1993
Term of office
September 8, 1993
Term of office
69 days
Appointed by(term)
Bill Clinton(1993–2001)
Vice AdmiralJoycelyn Elders(born 1933)
Vice AdmiralJoycelyn Elders(born 1933)
No.
15
Name(Birth–Death)
Vice AdmiralJoycelyn Elders(born 1933)
Term of office
September 8, 1993
Term of office
December 31, 1994
Term of office
1 year, 114 days
Rear AdmiralAudrey F. Manley(born 1934)Acting
Rear AdmiralAudrey F. Manley(born 1934)Acting
No.
–
Name(Birth–Death)
Rear AdmiralAudrey F. Manley(born 1934)Acting
Term of office
January 1, 1995
Term of office
July 1, 1997
Term of office
2 years, 180 days
Rear AdmiralJ. Jarrett Clinton(1938–2023)Acting
Rear AdmiralJ. Jarrett Clinton(1938–2023)Acting
No.
–
Name(Birth–Death)
Rear AdmiralJ. Jarrett Clinton(1938–2023)Acting
Term of office
July 2, 1997
Term of office
February 12, 1998
Term of office
226 days
AdmiralDavid Satcher(born 1941)
AdmiralDavid Satcher(born 1941)
No.
16
Name(Birth–Death)
AdmiralDavid Satcher(born 1941)
Term of office
February 13, 1998
Term of office
February 12, 2002
Term of office
3 years, 364 days
Rear AdmiralKenneth P. Moritsugu(born 1945)Acting
Rear AdmiralKenneth P. Moritsugu(born 1945)Acting
No.
–
Name(Birth–Death)
Rear AdmiralKenneth P. Moritsugu(born 1945)Acting
Term of office
February 13, 2002
Term of office
August 4, 2002
Term of office
172 days
Appointed by(term)
George W. Bush(2001–2009)
Vice AdmiralRichard Carmona(born 1949)
Vice AdmiralRichard Carmona(born 1949)
No.
17
Name(Birth–Death)
Vice AdmiralRichard Carmona(born 1949)
Term of office
August 5, 2002
Term of office
July 31, 2006
Term of office
3 years, 360 days
Rear AdmiralKenneth P. Moritsugu(born 1945)Acting
Rear AdmiralKenneth P. Moritsugu(born 1945)Acting
No.
–
Name(Birth–Death)
Rear AdmiralKenneth P. Moritsugu(born 1945)Acting
Term of office
August 1, 2006
Term of office
September 30, 2007
Term of office
1 year, 60 days
Rear AdmiralSteven K. Galson(born 1956)Acting
Rear AdmiralSteven K. Galson(born 1956)Acting
No.
–
Name(Birth–Death)
Rear AdmiralSteven K. Galson(born 1956)Acting
Term of office
October 1, 2007
Term of office
October 1, 2009
Term of office
2 years, 0 days
Rear AdmiralDonald L. WeaverActing
Rear AdmiralDonald L. WeaverActing
No.
–
Name(Birth–Death)
Rear AdmiralDonald L. WeaverActing
Term of office
October 1, 2009
Term of office
November 3, 2009
Term of office
33 days
Appointed by(term)
Barack Obama(2009–2017)
Vice AdmiralRegina Benjamin(born 1956)
Vice AdmiralRegina Benjamin(born 1956)
No.
18
Name(Birth–Death)
Vice AdmiralRegina Benjamin(born 1956)
Term of office
November 3, 2009
Term of office
July 16, 2013
Term of office
3 years, 255 days
Rear AdmiralBoris LushniakActing
Rear AdmiralBoris LushniakActing
No.
–
Name(Birth–Death)
Rear AdmiralBoris LushniakActing
Term of office
July 17, 2013
Term of office
December 18, 2014
Term of office
1 year, 154 days
Vice AdmiralVivek Murthy(born 1977)
Vice AdmiralVivek Murthy(born 1977)
No.
19
Name(Birth–Death)
Vice AdmiralVivek Murthy(born 1977)
Term of office
April 22, 2015
Term of office
April 21, 2017
Term of office
1 year, 364 days
Rear AdmiralSylvia Trent-Adams(born 1965)Acting
Rear AdmiralSylvia Trent-Adams(born 1965)Acting
No.
–
Name(Birth–Death)
Rear AdmiralSylvia Trent-Adams(born 1965)Acting
Term of office
April 21, 2017
Term of office
September 5, 2017
Term of office
137 days
Appointed by(term)
Donald Trump(2017–2021)
Vice AdmiralJerome Adams(born 1974)
Vice AdmiralJerome Adams(born 1974)
No.
20
Name(Birth–Death)
Vice AdmiralJerome Adams(born 1974)
Term of office
September 5, 2017
Term of office
January 20, 2021
Term of office
3 years, 137 days
Rear AdmiralSusan OrsegaActing
Rear AdmiralSusan OrsegaActing
No.
–
Name(Birth–Death)
Rear AdmiralSusan OrsegaActing
Term of office
January 20, 2021
Term of office
March 24, 2021
Term of office
62 days
Appointed by(term)
Joe Biden(2021–2025)
Vice AdmiralVivek Murthy(born 1977)
Vice AdmiralVivek Murthy(born 1977)
No.
21
Name(Birth–Death)
Vice AdmiralVivek Murthy(born 1977)
Term of office
March 25, 2021
Term of office
January 20, 2025
Term of office
3 years, 301 days
Rear AdmiralDenise HintonActing
Rear AdmiralDenise HintonActing
No.
–
Name(Birth–Death)
Rear AdmiralDenise HintonActing
Term of office
January 20, 2025
Term of office
Incumbent
Term of office
273 days
Appointed by(term)
Donald Trump(2025–present)
No.
Portrait
Name(Birth–Death)
Term of office
Appointed by(term)
Ref.
Took office
Left office
Time in office
1
John M. Woodworth(1837–1879)
March 29, 1871
March 14, 1879
7 years, 350 days
Ulysses S. Grant(1869–1877)
2
CommodoreJohn B. Hamilton(1847–1898)
April 3, 1879
June 1, 1891
12 years, 59 days
Rutherford B. Hayes(1877–1881)
3
CommodoreWalter Wyman(1848–1911)
June 1, 1891
November 21, 1911
20 years, 173 days
Benjamin Harrison(1889–1893)
4
CommodoreRupert Blue(1868–1948)
January 13, 1912
March 3, 1920
8 years, 50 days
William Howard Taft(1909–1913)
5
Rear AdmiralHugh S. Cumming(1869–1948)
March 3, 1920
January 31, 1936
15 years, 334 days
Woodrow Wilson(1913–1921)
6
Rear AdmiralThomas Parran Jr.(1892–1968)
April 6, 1936
April 6, 1948
12 years, 0 days
Franklin D. Roosevelt(1933–1945)
7
Rear AdmiralLeonard A. Scheele(1907–1993)
April 6, 1948
August 8, 1956
8 years, 124 days
Harry S. Truman(1945–1953)
8
Rear AdmiralLeroy E. Burney(1906–1998)
August 8, 1956
January 29, 1961
4 years, 174 days
Dwight D. Eisenhower(1953–1961)
9
Luther Terry(1911–1985)
March 2, 1961
October 1, 1965
4 years, 213 days
John F. Kennedy(1961–1963)
10
William H. Stewart(1921–2008)
October 1, 1965
August 1, 1969
3 years, 304 days
Lyndon B. Johnson(1963–1969)
–
Rear AdmiralRichard A. Prindle(c. 1926–2001)Acting
August 1, 1969
December 18, 1969
139 days
Richard Nixon(1969–1974)
11
Jesse L. Steinfeld(1927–2014)
December 18, 1969
January 30, 1973
3 years, 43 days
–
Rear AdmiralS. Paul Ehrlich Jr.(1932–2005)Acting
January 31, 1973
July 13, 1977
4 years, 163 days
12
Vice AdmiralJulius B. Richmond(1916–2008)
July 13, 1977
January 20, 1981
3 years, 191 days
Jimmy Carter(1977–1981)
–
Rear AdmiralJohn C. Greene(1936–2016)Acting
January 21, 1981
May 14, 1981
113 days
Ronald Reagan(1981–1989)
–
Edward Brandt Jr.(1933–2007)Acting
May 14, 1981
January 21, 1982
252 days
13
Vice AdmiralC. Everett Koop(1916–2013)
January 21, 1982
October 1, 1989
7 years, 253 days
–
AdmiralJames O. Mason(1930–2019)Acting
October 1, 1989
March 9, 1990
159 days
George H. W. Bush(1989–1993)
14
Vice AdmiralAntonia Novello(born 1944)
March 9, 1990
June 30, 1993
3 years, 113 days
–
Rear AdmiralRobert A. Whitney(born 1935)Acting
July 1, 1993
September 8, 1993
69 days
Bill Clinton(1993–2001)
15
Vice AdmiralJoycelyn Elders(born 1933)
September 8, 1993
December 31, 1994
1 year, 114 days
–
Rear AdmiralAudrey F. Manley(born 1934)Acting
January 1, 1995
July 1, 1997
2 years, 180 days
–
Rear AdmiralJ. Jarrett Clinton(1938–2023)Acting
July 2, 1997
February 12, 1998
226 days
16
AdmiralDavid Satcher(born 1941)
February 13, 1998
February 12, 2002
3 years, 364 days
–
Rear AdmiralKenneth P. Moritsugu(born 1945)Acting
February 13, 2002
August 4, 2002
172 days
George W. Bush(2001–2009)
17
Vice AdmiralRichard Carmona(born 1949)
August 5, 2002
July 31, 2006
3 years, 360 days
–
Rear AdmiralKenneth P. Moritsugu(born 1945)Acting
August 1, 2006
September 30, 2007
1 year, 60 days
–
Rear AdmiralSteven K. Galson(born 1956)Acting
October 1, 2007
October 1, 2009
2 years, 0 days
–
Rear AdmiralDonald L. WeaverActing
October 1, 2009
November 3, 2009
33 days
Barack Obama(2009–2017)
18
Vice AdmiralRegina Benjamin(born 1956)
November 3, 2009
July 16, 2013
3 years, 255 days
–
Rear AdmiralBoris LushniakActing
July 17, 2013
December 18, 2014
1 year, 154 days
19
Vice AdmiralVivek Murthy(born 1977)
April 22, 2015
April 21, 2017
1 year, 364 days
–
Rear AdmiralSylvia Trent-Adams(born 1965)Acting
April 21, 2017
September 5, 2017
137 days
Donald Trump(2017–2021)
20
Vice AdmiralJerome Adams(born 1974)
September 5, 2017
January 20, 2021
3 years, 137 days
–
Rear AdmiralSusan OrsegaActing
January 20, 2021
March 24, 2021
62 days
Joe Biden(2021–2025)
21
Vice AdmiralVivek Murthy(born 1977)
March 25, 2021
January 20, 2025
3 years, 301 days
–
Rear AdmiralDenise HintonActing
January 20, 2025
Incumbent
273 days
Donald Trump(2025–present)

References

  1. Reverted to the rank of vice admiral in 2001, for the remainder of his term as surgeon general, when he no longer held t
  2. HHS.gov
    https://health.gov/about-oash/office-assistant-secretary-health-organizational-chart
  3. 42 U.S.C. § 205 - Appointment and tenure of office of Surgeon General; reversion in rank.
    https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/205
  4. 42 U.S.C. § 207 - Grades, ranks, and titles of commissioned corps.
    https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/207
  5. "Public Health, Commissioned Corps Uniforms and Ranks"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080513175033/http://www.usphs.gov/AboutUs/uniforms.aspx
  6. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
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  7. depts.washington.edu
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  8. USA Today
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  9. Julie M. Fenster Archived 2008-08-28 at the Wayback Machine "Hazardous to Your Health" American Heritage, Oct. 2006.
    http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2006/5/2006_5_62.shtml
  10. The Surgeon General says...
    http://whyquit.com/videos/addiction2_bb64Kbps.mp3
  11. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/09/magazine/the-legacy-of-dr-koop.html
  12. Leon Dash, "Joycelyn Elders: From Sharecropper's Daughter to Surgeon General of the United States of America", Washingto
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  13. The New York Times
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  14. "David Satcher (1998–2002)"
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  15. The Philadelphia Inquirer
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  16. The Philadelphia Inquirer
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  17. The Baltimore Sun
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  18. The Baltimore Sun
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  19. The Baltimore Sun
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  20. The Baltimore Sun
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  21. The Baltimore Sun
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  22. The Baltimore Sun
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  23. The Baltimore Sun
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  24. The New York Times
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  25. The Johnson White House
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  26. The New York Times
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  27. The Washington Post
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  28. The New York Times
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  29. "Jesse Leonard Steinfeld (1969–1973)"
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  30. U.S. Government Accountability Office
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  31. "HHS Secretaries"
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  32. PBS
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  33. "Biographical Overview"
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  34. "Swearing-in of U.S. Surgeon General Antonia C. Novello"
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  35. Los Angeles Times
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  36. Los Angeles Times
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  40. The White House
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  41. The Washington Post
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  42. BioPharm International
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  43. The New York Times
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  44. Reuters
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  45. WTOP
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  46. NPR
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  47. Northwestern University
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  48. U.S. Army
    https://www.army.mil/article/147673/new_surgeon_general_sworn_in_at_conmy_hall
  49. Yale Medicine Magazine
    https://medicine.yale.edu/news/yale-medicine-magazine/article/vivek-murthy-dismissed-as-us-surgeon/
  50. NBC News
    https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/5-things-know-about-acting-u-s-surgeon-general-sylvia-n754451
  51. WTHR
    https://www.wthr.com/article/news/politics/dr-jerome-adams-sworn-in-as-us-surgeon-general/531-162e4e0f-6ab2-41c3-aa05-206c5e05ea9d
  52. Politico
    https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/20/jerome-adams-steps-down-460726
  53. Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/01/25/biden-appoints-nurse-acting-surgeon-general/
  54. South Asian Bar Association of Washington, D.C
    https://sabadc.wildapricot.org/page-1563172/10276611
  55. American College of Osteopathic Family Physicians
    https://www.acofp.org/news-and-publications/blogs/acofp-voice/2025/02/21/parting-prescription-from-us-surgeon-general-dr.-vivek-murthy
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