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Stingless bee

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Stingless bee

Stingless bees (SB), sometimes called stingless honey bees or simply meliponines, are a large group of bees (from about 462 to 552 described species), comprising the tribe Meliponini (or subtribe Meliponina according to other authors). They belong in the family Apidae (subfamily Apinae), and are closely related to common honey bees (HB, tribe Apini), orchid bees (tribe Euglossini), and bumblebees (tribe Bombini). These four bee tribes belong to the corbiculate bees' monophyletic group. Meliponines have stingers, but they are highly reduced and cannot be used for defense, though these bees exhibit other defensive behaviors and mechanisms. Meliponines are not the only type of bee incapable of stinging: all male bees and many female bees of several other families, such as Andrenidae and Megachilidae (tribe Dioxyini), also cannot sting. Some stingless bees have strong mandibles and can inflict painful bites. Some species can present large mandibular glands for the secretion of caustic defense substances, secrete unpleasant smells or use sticky materials to immobilise enemies. The main honey-producing bees of this group generally belong to the genera Scaptotrigona, Tetragonisca, Melipona and Austroplebeia, although there are other genera containing species that produce some usable honey. They are farmed in meliponiculture in the same way that European honey bees (genus Apis) are cultivated in apiculture. Throughout Mesoamerica, the Mayans have engaged in extensive meliponiculture on a large scale since before the arrival of Columbus. Meliponiculture was popular in Maya society, influencing their social, economic, and religious activities. The practice of maintaining stingless bees in man-made structures is prevalent across the Americas, with notable instances in countries such as Brazil, Peru, and Mexico.

Tables

· Interaction with humans › Pollination
Annatto, achiote
Annatto, achiote
Common name
Annatto, achiote
Scientific name
Bixa orellana
Family
Bixaceae
Pollinator genus
Melipona
Aubergine
Aubergine
Common name
Aubergine
Scientific name
Solanum melogena
Family
Solanaceae
Pollinator genus
Melipona
Avocado
Avocado
Common name
Avocado
Scientific name
Persea americana
Family
Lauraceae
Pollinator genus
Nannotrigona, Trigona
Camu-camu
Camu-camu
Common name
Camu-camu
Scientific name
Myrciaria dubia
Family
Myrtaceae
Pollinator genus
Melipona, Scaptotrigona
Carambola
Carambola
Common name
Carambola
Scientific name
Averrhoa carambola
Family
Oxalidaceae
Pollinator genus
Trigona
Chayote, choko
Chayote, choko
Common name
Chayote, choko
Scientific name
Sechium edule
Family
Cucubitaceae
Pollinator genus
Trigona, Partamona
Coconut
Coconut
Common name
Coconut
Scientific name
Cocos nucifera
Family
Arecaceae
Pollinator genus
various genera
Coffee
Coffee
Common name
Coffee
Scientific name
Coffea arabica
Family
Rubiaceae
Pollinator genus
Lepidotrigona, Trigona
Coffee
Coffee
Common name
Coffee
Scientific name
Coffea canephora
Family
Rubiaceae
Pollinator genus
Lepidotrigona, Trigona
Cucumber
Cucumber
Common name
Cucumber
Scientific name
Cucumis sativus
Family
Curcubitaceae
Pollinator genus
Nannotrigona, Scaptotrigona
Cupuaçu
Cupuaçu
Common name
Cupuaçu
Scientific name
Theobroma grandiflorum
Family
Malvaceae
Pollinator genus
Trigona
Macadamia
Macadamia
Common name
Macadamia
Scientific name
Macadamia integrifolia
Family
Proteaceae
Pollinator genus
Trigona
Mango
Mango
Common name
Mango
Scientific name
Mangifera indica
Family
Anacardiaceae
Pollinator genus
Trigona
Mapati, uvilla
Mapati, uvilla
Common name
Mapati, uvilla
Scientific name
Pourouma cecropiifolia
Family
Moraceae
Pollinator genus
Oxytrigona, Trigona
Mealy sage
Mealy sage
Common name
Mealy sage
Scientific name
Salvia farinacea
Family
Lamiaceae
Pollinator genus
Nannotrigona, Tetragonisca
Rambutan
Rambutan
Common name
Rambutan
Scientific name
Nephelium lappaceum
Family
Sapindaceae
Pollinator genus
Scaptotrigona
Rockmelon
Rockmelon
Common name
Rockmelon
Scientific name
Cucumis melo
Family
Curcubitaceae
Pollinator genus
Heterotrigona
Strawberry
Strawberry
Common name
Strawberry
Scientific name
Fragaria sp.
Family
Rosaceae
Pollinator genus
various genera
Sweet pepper
Sweet pepper
Common name
Sweet pepper
Scientific name
Capsicum annuum
Family
Solanaceae
Pollinator genus
Austroplebeia, Melipona, Tetragonula
Tomato
Tomato
Common name
Tomato
Scientific name
Solanum lycopersicum
Family
Solanaceae
Pollinator genus
Melipona, Nannotrigona
Common name
Scientific name
Family
Pollinator genus
Reference
Annatto, achiote
Bixa orellana
Bixaceae
Melipona
Aubergine
Solanum melogena
Solanaceae
Melipona
Avocado
Persea americana
Lauraceae
Nannotrigona, Trigona
Camu-camu
Myrciaria dubia
Myrtaceae
Melipona, Scaptotrigona
Carambola
Averrhoa carambola
Oxalidaceae
Trigona
Chayote, choko
Sechium edule
Cucubitaceae
Trigona, Partamona
Coconut
Cocos nucifera
Arecaceae
various genera
Coffee
Coffea arabica
Rubiaceae
Lepidotrigona, Trigona
Coffee
Coffea canephora
Rubiaceae
Lepidotrigona, Trigona
Cucumber
Cucumis sativus
Curcubitaceae
Nannotrigona, Scaptotrigona
Cupuaçu
Theobroma grandiflorum
Malvaceae
Trigona
Macadamia
Macadamia integrifolia
Proteaceae
Trigona
Mango
Mangifera indica
Anacardiaceae
Trigona
Mapati, uvilla
Pourouma cecropiifolia
Moraceae
Oxytrigona, Trigona
Mealy sage
Salvia farinacea
Lamiaceae
Nannotrigona, Tetragonisca
Rambutan
Nephelium lappaceum
Sapindaceae
Scaptotrigona
Rockmelon
Cucumis melo
Curcubitaceae
Heterotrigona
Strawberry
Fragaria sp.
Rosaceae
various genera
Sweet pepper
Capsicum annuum
Solanaceae
Austroplebeia, Melipona, Tetragonula
Tomato
Solanum lycopersicum
Solanaceae
Melipona, Nannotrigona

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