Topzle Topzle

Statue of Liberty

Updated: Wikipedia source

Statue of Liberty

The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; French: La Liberté éclairant le monde) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture of a robed and crowned woman on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, within New York City in the northeastern United States. The copper-clad statue, a gift to the United States from the people of France, was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, and its metal framework built by Gustave Eiffel. The statue was dedicated on October 28, 1886. The statue is a figure of a classically draped woman, inspired by the Roman goddess of liberty, Libertas. In a contrapposto pose, she holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed JULY IV MDCCLXXVI (July 4, 1776, in Roman numerals), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. With her left foot she steps on a broken chain and shackle, commemorating the national abolition of slavery following the American Civil War. After its dedication, the statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, seen as a symbol of welcome to immigrants arriving by sea. The idea for the statue was conceived in 1865, when the French historian and abolitionist Édouard de Laboulaye proposed a monument to commemorate the upcoming centennial of U.S. independence (1876), the perseverance of American democracy and the liberation of the nation's slaves. The Franco-Prussian War delayed progress until 1875, when Laboulaye proposed that the people of France finance the statue and the United States provide the site and build the pedestal. Bartholdi completed the head and the torch-bearing arm before the statue was fully designed, and these pieces were exhibited for publicity at international expositions. The torch-bearing arm was displayed at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876, and in Madison Square Park in Manhattan from 1876 to 1882. Fundraising proved difficult, especially for the Americans, and by 1885 work on the pedestal was threatened by lack of funds. Publisher Joseph Pulitzer, of the New York World, started a drive for donations to finish the project and attracted more than 120,000 contributors, most of whom gave less than a dollar (equivalent to $35 in 2024). The statue was built in France, shipped overseas in crates, and assembled on the completed pedestal on what was then called Bedloe's Island. The statue's completion was marked by New York's first ticker-tape parade and a dedication ceremony presided over by President Grover Cleveland. The statue was administered by the United States Lighthouse Board until 1901 and then by the Department of War; since 1933, it has been maintained by the National Park Service as part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument, and is a major tourist attraction. Limited numbers of visitors can access the rim of the pedestal and the interior of the statue's crown from within; public access to the torch has been barred since 1916.

Infobox

Location
Liberty IslandNew York City, New York, U.S.
Coordinates
mw- 40°41′21″N 74°2′40″W / 40.68917°N 74.04444°W / 40.68917; -74.04444
Height
Height of copper statue (to torch): 151 feet 1 inch (46 meters) From ground level to torch: 305 feet 1 inch (93 meters)
Dedicated
October 28, 1886; 139 years ago (October 28, 1886)
Restored
1938, 1984–1986, 2011–2012
Sculptor
Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi
Visitors
4.5 million (in 2019)
Governing body
National Park Service
Website
nps.gov/stli
Type
Individual
Criteria
i, vi
Designated
September 14, 1976
Reference no.
0931
Region
Europe and North America
Designated by
President Calvin Coolidge
Official name
Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island

Tables

Dimensions[87] · Measurements
Height of copper statue
Height of copper statue
Feature
Height of copper statue
Imperial
151 ft 1 in
Metric
46 m
Foundation of pedestal (ground level) to tip of torch
Foundation of pedestal (ground level) to tip of torch
Feature
Foundation of pedestal (ground level) to tip of torch
Imperial
305 ft 1 in
Metric
93 m
Heel to top of head
Heel to top of head
Feature
Heel to top of head
Imperial
111 ft 1 in
Metric
34 m
Height of hand
Height of hand
Feature
Height of hand
Imperial
16 ft 5 in
Metric
5 m
Index finger
Index finger
Feature
Index finger
Imperial
8 ft 1 in
Metric
2.44 m
Circumference at second joint
Circumference at second joint
Feature
Circumference at second joint
Imperial
3 ft 6 in
Metric
1.07 m
Head from chin to cranium
Head from chin to cranium
Feature
Head from chin to cranium
Imperial
17 ft 3 in
Metric
5.26 m
Head thickness from ear to ear
Head thickness from ear to ear
Feature
Head thickness from ear to ear
Imperial
10 ft 0 in
Metric
3.05 m
Distance across the eye
Distance across the eye
Feature
Distance across the eye
Imperial
2 ft 6 in
Metric
0.76 m
Length of nose
Length of nose
Feature
Length of nose
Imperial
4 ft 6 in
Metric
1.48 m
Right arm length
Right arm length
Feature
Right arm length
Imperial
42 ft 0 in
Metric
12.8 m
Right arm greatest thickness
Right arm greatest thickness
Feature
Right arm greatest thickness
Imperial
12 ft 0 in
Metric
3.66 m
Thickness of waist
Thickness of waist
Feature
Thickness of waist
Imperial
35 ft 0 in
Metric
10.67 m
Width of mouth
Width of mouth
Feature
Width of mouth
Imperial
3 ft 0 in
Metric
0.91 m
Tablet, length
Tablet, length
Feature
Tablet, length
Imperial
23 ft 7 in
Metric
7.19 m
Tablet, width
Tablet, width
Feature
Tablet, width
Imperial
13 ft 7 in
Metric
4.14 m
Tablet, thickness
Tablet, thickness
Feature
Tablet, thickness
Imperial
2 ft 0 in
Metric
0.61 m
Height of pedestal
Height of pedestal
Feature
Height of pedestal
Imperial
89 ft 0 in
Metric
27.13 m
Height of foundation
Height of foundation
Feature
Height of foundation
Imperial
65 ft 0 in
Metric
19.81 m
Weight of copper used in statue
Weight of copper used in statue
Feature
Weight of copper used in statue
Imperial
60,000 lb (27 long tons)
Metric
27.22 tonnes
Weight of steel used in statue
Weight of steel used in statue
Feature
Weight of steel used in statue
Imperial
250,000 lb (110 long tons)
Metric
113.4 tonnes
Total weight of statue
Total weight of statue
Feature
Total weight of statue
Imperial
450,000 lb (200 long tons)
Metric
204.1 tonnes
Thickness of copper sheeting
Thickness of copper sheeting
Feature
Thickness of copper sheeting
Imperial
3/32 of an inch
Metric
2.4 mm
Feature
Imperial
Metric
Height of copper statue
151 ft 1 in
46 m
Foundation of pedestal (ground level) to tip of torch
305 ft 1 in
93 m
Heel to top of head
111 ft 1 in
34 m
Height of hand
16 ft 5 in
5 m
Index finger
8 ft 1 in
2.44 m
Circumference at second joint
3 ft 6 in
1.07 m
Head from chin to cranium
17 ft 3 in
5.26 m
Head thickness from ear to ear
10 ft 0 in
3.05 m
Distance across the eye
2 ft 6 in
0.76 m
Length of nose
4 ft 6 in
1.48 m
Right arm length
42 ft 0 in
12.8 m
Right arm greatest thickness
12 ft 0 in
3.66 m
Thickness of waist
35 ft 0 in
10.67 m
Width of mouth
3 ft 0 in
0.91 m
Tablet, length
23 ft 7 in
7.19 m
Tablet, width
13 ft 7 in
4.14 m
Tablet, thickness
2 ft 0 in
0.61 m
Height of pedestal
89 ft 0 in
27.13 m
Height of foundation
65 ft 0 in
19.81 m
Weight of copper used in statue
60,000 lb (27 long tons)
tonnes
Weight of steel used in statue
250,000 lb (110 long tons)
tonnes
Total weight of statue
450,000 lb (200 long tons)
tonnes
Thickness of copper sheeting
3/32 of an inch
2.4 mm

References

  1. The New York Times
    https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm
  2. "National Monument Proclamations under the Antiquities Act"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20111025111325/https://www.cr.nps.gov/history/hisnps/NPSHistory/monuments.htm
  3. "Liberty Enlightening the World"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200101091139/https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm
  4. Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 9/08/2017 through 9/14/2017
    https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/upload/weekly-list-2017-national-register-of-historic-places.pdf
  5. "New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places – Hudson County"
    https://www.nj.gov/dep/hpo/1identify/nrsr_lists.htm
  6. "Cultural Resource Information System (CRIS)"
    https://cris.parks.ny.gov/
  7. "Statue of Liberty National Monument"
    https://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0931.pdf
  8. Hayden & Despont 1986, p. 45.
  9. Sutherland 2003, p. 19.
  10. Khan 2010, p. 113.
  11. The New York Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20240621055727/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/15/arts/design/statue-of-liberty-museum.html
  12. The Statue of Liberty—Ellis Island Foundation
    https://www.statueofliberty.org/liberty135/
  13. Statue of Liberty National Monument
    https://www.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/abolition.htm
  14. National Park Service
    https://www.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/the-french-connection.htm
  15. Harris 1985, pp. 7–9.
  16. "The Black Statue of Liberty Rumor"
    https://home.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/black-statue-of-liberty.htm
  17. "Abolition"
    https://www.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/abolition.htm
  18. Hayden & Despont 1986, p. 24.
  19. "The Statue of Liberty and its Ties to the Middle East"
    https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/danh_vo_labels.pdf
  20. Harris 1985, pp. 7–8.
  21. Parting the desert: the creation of the Suez Canal
    https://archive.org/details/partingdesertcre00kara/page/243
  22. Khan 2010, pp. 60–61.
  23. Moreno 2000, pp. 39–40.
  24. Harris 1985, pp. 12–13.
  25. Khan 2010, pp. 102–103.
  26. Harris 1985, pp. 16–17.
  27. Khan 2010, p. 85.
  28. Harris 1985, pp. 10–11.
  29. Sutherland 2003, pp. 17–19.
  30. Civic and Moral Learning in America
    https://books.google.com/books?id=Drhn7XY1WrYC&pg=PA213
  31. The Encyclopedia of Ancient History
    https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/230191195
  32. History of the World
    https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28378422
  33. The Grove Dictionary of Art: From Monet to Cézanne : Late 19th-century French Artists
    https://books.google.com/books?id=ExiJFPrNrKkC
  34. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology
    https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fh0099286
  35. Khan 2010, pp. 96–97.
  36. Khan 2010, pp. 105–108.
  37. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/16/style/16iht-blume_ed3_.html
  38. Presidential $1 coin
    https://web.archive.org/web/20111211170107/https://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/$1coin/?flash=yes&action=reverse
  39. Moreno 2000, pp. 52–53, 55, 87.
  40. Interviewed for Watson, Corin. Statue of Liberty: Building a Colossus (TV documentary, 2001)
  41. The Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World
    https://archive.org/details/statuelibertyen00bartgoog
  42. Khan 2010, pp. 108–111.
  43. Statue of Liberty National Monument
    https://www.nps.gov/stli/faqs.htm
  44. Khan 2010, pp. 118, 125.
  45. Harris 1985, p. 26.
  46. France Info : culture
    https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/patrimoine/au-musee-bartholdi-de-colmar-la-statue-de-la-liberte-et-autres-chefs-d-oeuvre_3324493.html
  47. Khan 2010, p. 121.
  48. Khan 2010, pp. 123–125.
  49. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/11/20/the-middle-eastern-origins-of-the-statue-of-liberty/
  50. Harris 1985, pp. 44–45.
  51. "News of Norway"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110916162327/https://www.norway.org/ARCHIVE/News/archive/1999/199904copper/
  52. The New York Times
    https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/02/answers-about-the-statue-of-liberty-part-2/
  53. Sutherland 2003, p. 36.
  54. Khan 2010, pp. 126–128.
  55. Bell & Abrams 1984, p. 25.
  56. Bell & Abrams 1984, p. 26.
  57. Khan 2010, p. 130.
  58. Harris 1985, p. 49.
  59. Khan 2010, p. 134.
  60. Bell & Abrams 1984, p. 30.
  61. Moreno 2000, p. 94.
  62. Khan 2010, p. 135.
  63. Khan 2010, p. 137.
  64. Bell & Abrams 1984, p. 32.
  65. Khan 2010, pp. 136–137.
  66. Hayden & Despont 1986, p. 25.
  67. Hayden & Despont 1986, p. 26.
  68. Moreno 2000, p. 22.
  69. Khan 2010, pp. 139–143.
  70. Harris 1985, p. 30.
  71. Harris 1985, p. 33.
  72. Harris 1985, p. 32.
  73. Harris 1985, p. 34.
  74. Le Parisien
    https://www.leparisien.fr/hauts-de-seine/la-tour-a-vu-le-jour-a-levallois-30-04-2004-2004947854.php
  75. Khan 2010, p. 144.
  76. "Statue of Liberty"
    https://www.pbs.org/kenburns/statue-of-liberty/timeline/
  77. Harris 1985, pp. 36–38.
  78. Harris 1985, p. 39.
  79. Harris 1985, p. 38.
  80. Bell & Abrams 1984, p. 37.
  81. Bell & Abrams 1984, p. 38.
  82. Khan 2010, pp. 159–160.
  83. Khan 2010, p. 163.
  84. Khan 2010, p. 161.
  85. Khan 2010, p. 160.
  86. Moreno 2000, p. 91.
  87. Statue of Liberty
    https://www.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/statue-statistics.htm
  88. Khan 2010, p. 169.
  89. New York
    https://books.google.com/books?id=uuYCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA87
  90. The Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World
    https://archive.org/details/statuelibertyen00bartgoog
  91. Harris 1985, pp. 71–72.
  92. Sutherland 2003, pp. 49–50.
  93. Moreno 2000, pp. 184–186.
  94. "Branford's History Is Set in Stone"
    https://connecticuthistory.org/branfords-history-is-set-in-stone/
  95. Structure
    https://web.archive.org/web/20121127045537/https://www.structuremag.org/article.aspx?articleID=1484
  96. Khan 2010, pp. 163–164.
  97. Khan 2010, pp. 165–166.
  98. Moreno 2000, pp. 172–175.
  99. The Christian Science Monitor
    https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2019/0516/What-does-Lady-Liberty-stand-for-A-look-at-changing-attitudes
  100. blogs.cul.columbia.edu
    https://blogs.cul.columbia.edu/rbml/2023/01/23/a-world-room-welcome/
  101. "Statue of Liberty"
    https://www.libertystatepark.org/statueofliberty/sol3.shtml
  102. Bell & Abrams 1984, pp. 40–41.
  103. Harris 1985, p. 105.
  104. Sutherland 2003, p. 51.
  105. Harris 1985, p. 107.
  106. Harris 1985, pp. 110–111.
  107. Liberty's Torch: The Great Adventure to Build the Statue of Liberty
    https://books.google.com/books?id=KioFBAAAQBAJ
  108. The History of the Last Quarter-century in the United States, 1870–1895
    https://books.google.com/books?id=vAlFAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA133
  109. The World Almanac & Book of Facts
    https://books.google.com/books?id=JGU3AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA543
  110. Harris 1985, p. 112.
  111. The Evening Post
    https://www.fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%206/New%20York%20NY%20Evening%20Telegram/New%20York%20NY%20Evening%20Telegram%201885%20Jun%20-%201885%20Oct%20Grayscale/New%20York%20NY%20Evening%20Telegram%201885%20Jun%20-%201885%20Oct%20Grayscale%20-%200140.pdf#xml=https://www.fultonhistory.com/dtSearch/dtisapi6.dll?cmd=getpdfhits&u=ffffffffc423758c&DocId=5727280&Index=Z%3a%5cIndex%20I%2dE&HitCount=4&hits=4f+179+197+198+&SearchForm=C%3a%5cinetpub%5cwwwroot%5cFulton%5fNew%5fform%2ehtml&.pdf
  112. Harris 1985, p. 114.
  113. Moreno 2000, p. 19.
  114. Bell & Abrams 1984, p. 49.
  115. Moreno 2000, p. 64.
  116. Hayden & Despont 1986, p. 36.
  117. Harris 1985, pp. 133–134.
  118. Moreno 2000, p. 65.
  119. Liberty's Torch: The Great Adventure to Build the Statue of Liberty
  120. ZME Science
    https://www.zmescience.com/feature-post/natural-sciences/chemistry-articles/applied-chemistry/why-is-the-statue-of-liberty-so-green-theres-more-to-it-than-just-a-pretty-color/
  121. Khan 2010, p. 176.
  122. Khan 2010, pp. 177–178.
  123. Bell & Abrams 1984, p. 52.
  124. Harris 1985, p. 127.
  125. Moreno 2000, p. 71.
  126. Harris 1985, p. 128.
  127. The Cleveland Gazette
  128. Moreno 2000, p. 41.
  129. Moreno 2000, p. 24.
  130. "The immigrants' statue"
    https://www.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/the-immigrants-statue.htm
  131. Sutherland 2003, p. 78.
  132. The New York Times
    https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/01/answers-about-the-statue-of-liberty/
  133. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/1906/07/19/archives/to-paint-miss-liberty-bronze-plates-are-corroding-underinfluence-of.html
  134. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/1906/07/29/archives/how-shall-miss-libertys-toilet-be-made-suggestion-that-the-statue.html
  135. Harris 1985, p. 168.
  136. Russian Supply Efforts in America During the First World War
    https://books.google.com/books?id=0XauRj69-gsC&pg=PA71
  137. Harris 1985, pp. 136–139.
  138. Moreno 2000, pp. 148–151.
  139. Harris 1985, p. 147.
  140. Moreno 2000, p. 136.
  141. Moreno 2000, p. 202.
  142. Harris 1985, p. 169.
  143. Harris 1985, pp. 141–143.
  144. Moreno 2000, pp. 147–148.
  145. "Honorees"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120906063337/https://lapride.org/pages07/honorees07.htm
  146. "The Feminist Chronicles, 1953–1993 – 1970 – Feminist Majority Foundation"
    https://feminist.org/research/chronicles/fc1970.html
  147. 1973 World Almanac and Book of Facts, p. 996.
  148. Moreno 2000, pp. 72–73.
  149. Harris 1985, p. 143.
  150. Moreno 2000, p. 20.
  151. Harris 1985, p. 165.
  152. Harris 1985, pp. 169–171.
  153. Hayden & Despont 1986, p. 22: the statue had been changed—and sections even mutilated)
  154. Hayden & Despont 1986, p. 38.
  155. Asbury Park Press
    https://www.newspapers.com/clip/32502432/
  156. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/19/nyregion/notes-on-people-iacocca-to-head-drive-to-restore-landmarks.html
  157. Moreno 2000, pp. 204–205.
  158. Moreno 2000, pp. 216–218.
  159. Cause Marketing for Nonprofits: Partner for Purpose, Passion, and Profits
  160. Hayden & Despont 1986, p. 81.
  161. Hayden & Despont 1986, p. 76.
  162. Hayden & Despont 1986, p. 55.
  163. Harris 1985, p. 172.
  164. Hayden & Despont 1986, p. 153.
  165. Hayden & Despont 1986, p. 75.
  166. Hayden & Despont 1986, pp. 74–76.
  167. Hayden & Despont 1986, p. 57.
  168. Moreno 2000, p. 153.
  169. Hayden & Despont 1986, p. 71.
  170. Hayden & Despont 1986, p. 84.
  171. Hayden & Despont 1986, p. 88.
  172. Sutherland 2003, p. 106.
  173. Statue of Liberty
    https://home.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/index.htm
  174. The New York Times
    https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/05/08/statue-of-libertys-crown-will-reopen-july-4/
  175. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/05/nyregion/05liberty.html
  176. "Statue of Liberty National Monument"
    https://www.nps.gov/stli/index.htm
  177. "Liberty Island to remain open during statue's renovation"
    https://www.cnn.com/2011/US/08/10/new.york.liberty.renovation/
  178. AP via Fox News
    https://www.foxnews.com/us/statue-of-liberty-interior-to-re-open-next-month/
  179. "Statue of Liberty closed for 'foreseeable future'"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20121102162233/https://www.nbcnews.com/travel/itineraries/statue-liberty-closed-foreseeable-future-1C6830530
  180. The New York Times
    https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/08/storm-leaves-lady-liberty-and-ellis-island-cut-off-from-visitors/
  181. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/01/nyregion/statue-of-liberty-is-fine-after-storm-but-its-home-isnt.html
  182. Yahoo! News
    https://news.yahoo.com/statue-liberty-reopens-us-marks-july-fourth-154837229.html
  183. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/29/nyregion/ellis-island-welcoming-visitors-once-again-but-repairs-continue.html
  184. The Wall Street Journal
    https://blogs.wsj.com/metropolis/2013/10/01/statue-of-liberty-closed-in-shutdown/
  185. USA TODAY
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2018/07/04/woman-climbs-statue-liberty-after-abolish-ice-protest/758184002/
  186. NorthJersey.com
    https://www.northjersey.com/story/news/2019/01/15/statue-liberty-ellis-island-remain-open-despite-federal-shutdown/2584159002/
  187. "Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island close due to coronavirus outbreak"
    https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/16/us/statue-liberty-ellis-island-coronavirus-trnd/index.html
  188. NBC New York
    https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/statue-of-liberty-ellis-island-expected-to-open-early-next-week/2513523/
  189. ABC7 New York
    https://abc7ny.com/6318303/
  190. Staten Island Advance
    https://www.silive.com/news/2022/10/statue-of-libertys-crown-to-open-for-first-time-since-covid-19-pandemic.html
  191. NY Daily News
    https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/statue-liberty-new-70m-museum-set-open-2019-article-1.2820741
  192. Time
    https://time.com/5531547/statue-liberty-torch/
  193. DNAinfo New York
    https://web.archive.org/web/20161009174101/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20161006/financial-district/statue-of-liberty-museum-designs
  194. am New York
    https://www.amny.com/news/statue-of-liberty-museum-to-open-on-liberty-island-in-2019-1.12416472
  195. Curbed NY
    https://ny.curbed.com/2019/5/1/18525338/statue-of-liberty-ellis-island-tours-ban
  196. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/01/nyregion/statue-of-liberty-tour-guides.html
  197. Statue of Liberty Historical Handbook
    https://web.archive.org/web/20111021120332/https://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/hh/11/hh11m.htm
  198. "New Jersey v. New York 523 U.S. 767"
    https://supreme.justia.com/us/523/767/index.html
  199. Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)
    https://www.nps.gov/stli/planyourvisit/fees.htm
  200. New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/29/nyregion/29ferry.html
  201. Ferry Map
    https://www.nps.gov/stli/planyourvisit/ferry-system-map.htm
  202. Statue of Liberty
    https://www.nps.gov/stli/planyourvisit/safety-and-security.htm
  203. Statue of Liberty
    https://home.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/index.htm
  204. Statue City Cruises
    https://www.cityexperiences.com/new-york/city-cruises/statue/new-york-crown-reserve/
  205. Statue of Liberty National Monument
    https://www.nps.gov/stli/planyourvisit/visit-the-crown.htm
  206. EarthCam
    https://www.earthcam.com/usa/newyork/statueofliberty/
  207. Moreno 2000, pp. 222–223.
  208. Harris 1985, p. 163.
  209. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/1924/12/10/archives/liberty-statue-made-a-national-monument-its-base-a-park-by-coolidge.html
  210. New York Daily News
    https://www.newspapers.com/clip/32471127/
  211. "Proclamation 3656 – Adding Ellis Island to the Statue of Liberty National Monument"
    https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=75266
  212. National Register of Historic Places, 1966–1994: Cumulative List Through January 1, 1994
    https://archive.org/details/nationalregister00amer/page/502
  213. World Heritage
    https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/307
  214. Moreno 2000, pp. 200–201.
  215. "Collections: American Art: Replica of the Statue of Liberty, from Liberty Storage & Warehouse, 43–47 West 64th Street, NYC"
    https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/163578/Replica_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty_from_Liberty_Storage__and__Warehouse_43-47_West_64th_Street_NYC
  216. Scouting
    https://www.scoutingmagazine.org/issues/0710/d-wwas.html
  217. Moreno 2000, pp. 103–104.
  218. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/15/nyregion/new-york-new-york-it-s-a-las-vegas-town.html
  219. "Statue of Liberty postage stamps"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140707202313/https://www.statueofliberty.org/Statue_of_Liberty_Postage_Stamps.html
  220. newmoney.gov
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140703063411/https://newmoney.gov/currency/10.htm
  221. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/15/us/15stamp.html
  222. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/24/nyregion/new-york-to-start-issuing-new-license-plates-july-1.html
  223. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/11/nyregion/state-license-plates-to-get-new-look.html
  224. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/14/sports/liberty-for-new-york-club.html
  225. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/12/sports/lady-liberty-laces-up-at-the-garden.html
  226. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/29/sports/final-four-states-put-aside-their-rivalry-and-try-a-little-cooperation.html
  227. Libertarian Party
    https://www.lp.org/blogs/wes-benedict/the-statue-of-liberty-after-125-years-by-lpny-chair-mark-axinn
  228. USA Today
    https://traveltips.usatoday.com/statue-liberty-popular-culture-3615.html
  229. The Dark Side of Genius: The Life of Alfred Hitchcock
  230. Planet of the Apes as American myth: race, politics, and popular culture
    https://archive.org/details/planetofapesasam00gree
  231. NPR
    https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18028350
  232. Life
    https://books.google.com/books?id=v1UEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16
  233. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
Image
Source: —
Tip: Wheel or +/− to zoom, drag to pan, Esc to close.