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States and union territories of India

Updated: Wikipedia source

States and union territories of India

India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories, for a total of 36 subnational entities. The states and union territories in turn are each subdivided into districts, of which a total of around 800 exist. Districts contain further levels of administrative subdivisions.

Under the Indian Constitution and laws, the states of India are self-governing administrative divisions, each having a state government. The legal power to manage affairs in each state is shared or divided between the particular state government on one hand and the national union government on the other. The union territories are directly governed by the union government; no state level government (and thus no division of power) exists in these jurisdictions.

Infobox

Category
Federated states
Location
Republic of India
Number
28 States 8 Union territories
Populations
States: Sikkim – 610,577 (lowest) Uttar Pradesh – 199,812,341 (highest) Union Territories: Lakshadweep – 64,473 (lowest) Delhi – 16,787,941 (highest)
Areas
States: Goa – 3,702 km2 (1,429 sq mi) (smallest) Rajasthan – 342,269 km2 (132,151 sq mi) (largest) Union territories: Lakshadweep – 32 km2 (12 sq mi) (smallest) Ladakh – 59,146 km2 (22,836 sq mi) (largest)
Government
State Governments Union Government (union territories)
Subdivisions
Divisions Districts

Tables

· States and Union territories › States
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
State
Andhra Pradesh
ISO
IN-AP
Vehicle code
AP
Zone
Southern
Capital
Amaravati
Largest city
Visakhapatnam
Statehood
1 November 1956
Population (2011)
49,506,799
Area (km2)
162,975
Official languages
Telugu
Additional official languages
Urdu
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
State
Arunachal Pradesh
ISO
IN-AR
Vehicle code
AR
Zone
North-Eastern
Capital
Itanagar
Largest city
20 February 1987
Statehood
1,383,727
Population (2011)
83,743
Area (km2)
English
Official languages
—
Assam
Assam
State
Assam
ISO
IN-AS
Vehicle code
AS
Zone
Dispur
Capital
Guwahati
Largest city
26 January 1950
Statehood
31,205,576
Population (2011)
78,438
Area (km2)
Assamese, Boro
Official languages
Bengali, Meitei
Bihar
Bihar
State
Bihar
ISO
IN-BR
Vehicle code
BR
Zone
Eastern
Capital
Patna
Largest city
104,099,452
Statehood
94,163
Population (2011)
Hindi
Area (km2)
Urdu
Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh
State
Chhattisgarh
ISO
IN-CG
Vehicle code
CG
Zone
Central
Capital
Raipur
Largest city
1 November 2000
Statehood
25,545,198
Population (2011)
135,194
Area (km2)
Chhattisgarhi
Goa
Goa
State
Goa
ISO
IN-GA
Vehicle code
GA
Zone
Western
Capital
Panaji
Largest city
Vasco da Gama
Statehood
30 May 1987
Population (2011)
1,458,545
Area (km2)
3,702
Official languages
Konkani
Additional official languages
Marathi
Gujarat
Gujarat
State
Gujarat
ISO
IN-GJ
Vehicle code
GJ
Zone
Gandhinagar
Capital
Ahmedabad
Largest city
1 May 1960
Statehood
60,439,692
Population (2011)
196,024
Area (km2)
Gujarati
Official languages
Hindi
Haryana
Haryana
State
Haryana
ISO
IN-HR
Vehicle code
HR
Zone
Northern
Capital
Chandigarh
Largest city
Faridabad
Statehood
1 November 1966
Population (2011)
25,351,462
Area (km2)
44,212
Official languages
Hindi
Additional official languages
Punjabi
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
State
Himachal Pradesh
ISO
IN-HP
Vehicle code
HP
Zone
Shimla (Summer) Dharamshala (Winter)
Capital
Shimla
Largest city
25 January 1971
Statehood
6,864,602
Population (2011)
55,673
Area (km2)
Hindi
Official languages
Sanskrit
Jharkhand
Jharkhand
State
Jharkhand
ISO
IN-JH
Vehicle code
JH
Zone
Eastern
Capital
Ranchi
Largest city
Jamshedpur
Statehood
15 November 2000
Population (2011)
32,988,134
Area (km2)
79,714
Official languages
Hindi
Additional official languages
Angika, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Bhumij, Ho, Kharia, Khortha, Kurmali, Kurukh, Magahi, Maithili, Mundari, Nagpuri, Odia, Santali, Urdu
Karnataka
Karnataka
State
Karnataka
ISO
IN-KA
Vehicle code
KA
Zone
Southern
Capital
Bengaluru
Largest city
1 November 1956
Statehood
61,095,297
Population (2011)
191,791
Area (km2)
Kannada
Official languages
—
Kerala
Kerala
State
Kerala
ISO
IN-KL
Vehicle code
KL
Zone
Thiruvananthapuram
Capital
33,406,061
Largest city
38,863
Statehood
Malayalam
Population (2011)
English
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
State
Madhya Pradesh
ISO
IN-MP
Vehicle code
MP
Zone
Central
Capital
Bhopal
Largest city
Indore
Statehood
72,626,809
Population (2011)
308,252
Area (km2)
Hindi
Official languages
—
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
State
Maharashtra
ISO
IN-MH
Vehicle code
MH
Zone
Western
Capital
Mumbai (Summer) Nagpur (Winter)
Largest city
Mumbai
Statehood
1 May 1960
Population (2011)
112,374,333
Area (km2)
307,713
Official languages
Marathi
Additional official languages
—
Manipur
Manipur
State
Manipur
ISO
IN-MN
Vehicle code
MN
Zone
North-Eastern
Capital
Imphal
Largest city
21 January 1972
Statehood
2,855,794
Population (2011)
22,327
Area (km2)
Meitei
Official languages
English
Meghalaya
Meghalaya
State
Meghalaya
ISO
IN-ML
Vehicle code
ML
Zone
Shillong
Capital
2,966,889
Largest city
22,429
Statehood
English
Population (2011)
—
Mizoram
Mizoram
State
Mizoram
ISO
IN-MZ
Vehicle code
MZ
Zone
Aizawl
Capital
20 February 1987
Largest city
1,097,206
Statehood
21,081
Population (2011)
Mizo, English
Area (km2)
—
Nagaland
Nagaland
State
Nagaland
ISO
IN-NL
Vehicle code
NL
Zone
Kohima
Capital
Dimapur
Largest city
1 December 1963
Statehood
1,978,502
Population (2011)
16,579
Area (km2)
English
Official languages
—
Odisha
Odisha
State
Odisha
ISO
IN-OD
Vehicle code
OD
Zone
Eastern
Capital
Bhubaneswar
Largest city
26 January 1950
Statehood
41,974,218
Population (2011)
155,707
Area (km2)
Odia
Official languages
—
Punjab
Punjab
State
Punjab
ISO
IN-PB
Vehicle code
PB
Zone
Northern
Capital
Chandigarh
Largest city
Ludhiana
Statehood
1 November 1966
Population (2011)
27,743,338
Area (km2)
50,362
Official languages
Punjabi
Additional official languages
—
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
State
Rajasthan
ISO
IN-RJ
Vehicle code
RJ
Zone
Jaipur
Capital
26 January 1950
Largest city
68,548,437
Statehood
342,239
Population (2011)
Hindi
Area (km2)
English
Sikkim
Sikkim
State
Sikkim
ISO
IN-SK
Vehicle code
SK
Zone
North-Eastern
Capital
Gangtok
Largest city
16 May 1975
Statehood
610,577
Population (2011)
7,096
Area (km2)
Nepali, Sikkimese, Lepcha, English
Official languages
Gurung, Limbu, Magar, Mukhia, Newari, Rai, Sherpa, Tamang
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
State
Tamil Nadu
ISO
IN-TN
Vehicle code
TN
Zone
Southern
Capital
Chennai
Largest city
1 November 1956
Statehood
72,147,030
Population (2011)
130,058
Area (km2)
Tamil
Official languages
English
Telangana
Telangana
State
Telangana
ISO
IN-TS
Vehicle code
TG
Zone
Hyderabad
Capital
2 June 2014
Largest city
35,193,978
Statehood
112,077
Population (2011)
Telugu
Area (km2)
Urdu
Tripura
Tripura
State
Tripura
ISO
IN-TR
Vehicle code
TR
Zone
North-Eastern
Capital
Agartala
Largest city
21 January 1972
Statehood
3,673,917
Population (2011)
10,491
Area (km2)
Bengali, English, Kokborok
Official languages
—
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
State
Uttar Pradesh
ISO
IN-UP
Vehicle code
UP
Zone
Central
Capital
Lucknow
Largest city
26 January 1950
Statehood
199,812,341
Population (2011)
240,928
Area (km2)
Hindi
Official languages
Urdu
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
State
Uttarakhand
ISO
IN-UK
Vehicle code
UK
Zone
Bhararisain (Summer) Dehradun (Winter)
Capital
Dehradun
Largest city
9 November 2000
Statehood
10,086,292
Population (2011)
53,483
Area (km2)
Sanskrit
West Bengal
West Bengal
State
West Bengal
ISO
IN-WB
Vehicle code
WB
Zone
Eastern
Capital
Kolkata
Largest city
26 January 1950
Statehood
91,276,115
Population (2011)
88,752
Area (km2)
Bengali, English
Official languages
Nepali, Hindi, Odia, Punjabi, Santali, Telugu, Urdu, Kamatapuri, Rajbanshi, Kurmali, Kurukh
Total
Total
State
Total
Vehicle code
1,178,310,321
Zone
3,054,066
State
ISO
Vehicle code
Zone
Capital
Largest city
Statehood
Population (2011)
Area (km2)
Official languages
Additional official languages
Andhra Pradesh
IN-AP
AP
Southern
Amaravati
Visakhapatnam
1 November 1956
49,506,799
162,975
Telugu
Urdu
Arunachal Pradesh
IN-AR
AR
North-Eastern
Itanagar
20 February 1987
1,383,727
83,743
English
—
Assam
IN-AS
AS
Dispur
Guwahati
26 January 1950
31,205,576
78,438
Assamese, Boro
Bengali, Meitei
Bihar
IN-BR
BR
Eastern
Patna
104,099,452
94,163
Hindi
Urdu
Chhattisgarh
IN-CG
CG
Central
Raipur
1 November 2000
25,545,198
135,194
Chhattisgarhi
Goa
IN-GA
GA
Western
Panaji
Vasco da Gama
30 May 1987
1,458,545
3,702
Konkani
Marathi
Gujarat
IN-GJ
GJ
Gandhinagar
Ahmedabad
1 May 1960
60,439,692
196,024
Gujarati
Hindi
Haryana
IN-HR
HR
Northern
Chandigarh
Faridabad
1 November 1966
25,351,462
44,212
Hindi
Punjabi
Himachal Pradesh
IN-HP
HP
Shimla (Summer) Dharamshala (Winter)
Shimla
25 January 1971
6,864,602
55,673
Hindi
Sanskrit
Jharkhand
IN-JH
JH
Eastern
Ranchi
Jamshedpur
15 November 2000
32,988,134
79,714
Hindi
Angika, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Bhumij, Ho, Kharia, Khortha, Kurmali, Kurukh, Magahi, Maithili, Mundari, Nagpuri, Odia, Santali, Urdu
Karnataka
IN-KA
KA
Southern
Bengaluru
1 November 1956
61,095,297
191,791
Kannada
—
Kerala
IN-KL
KL
Thiruvananthapuram
33,406,061
38,863
Malayalam
English
Madhya Pradesh
IN-MP
MP
Central
Bhopal
Indore
72,626,809
308,252
Hindi
—
Maharashtra
IN-MH
MH
Western
Mumbai (Summer) Nagpur (Winter)
Mumbai
1 May 1960
112,374,333
307,713
Marathi
—
Manipur
IN-MN
MN
North-Eastern
Imphal
21 January 1972
2,855,794
22,327
Meitei
English
Meghalaya
IN-ML
ML
Shillong
2,966,889
22,429
English
—
Mizoram
IN-MZ
MZ
Aizawl
20 February 1987
1,097,206
21,081
Mizo, English
—
Nagaland
IN-NL
NL
Kohima
Dimapur
1 December 1963
1,978,502
16,579
English
—
Odisha
IN-OD
OD
Eastern
Bhubaneswar
26 January 1950
41,974,218
155,707
Odia
—
Punjab
IN-PB
PB
Northern
Chandigarh
Ludhiana
1 November 1966
27,743,338
50,362
Punjabi
—
Rajasthan
IN-RJ
RJ
Jaipur
26 January 1950
68,548,437
342,239
Hindi
English
Sikkim
IN-SK
SK
North-Eastern
Gangtok
16 May 1975
610,577
7,096
Nepali, Sikkimese, Lepcha, English
Gurung, Limbu, Magar, Mukhia, Newari, Rai, Sherpa, Tamang
Tamil Nadu
IN-TN
TN
Southern
Chennai
1 November 1956
72,147,030
130,058
Tamil
English
Telangana
IN-TS
TG
Hyderabad
2 June 2014
35,193,978
112,077
Telugu
Urdu
Tripura
IN-TR
TR
North-Eastern
Agartala
21 January 1972
3,673,917
10,491
Bengali, English, Kokborok
—
Uttar Pradesh
IN-UP
UP
Central
Lucknow
26 January 1950
199,812,341
240,928
Hindi
Urdu
Uttarakhand
IN-UK
UK
Bhararisain (Summer) Dehradun (Winter)
Dehradun
9 November 2000
10,086,292
53,483
Sanskrit
West Bengal
IN-WB
WB
Eastern
Kolkata
26 January 1950
91,276,115
88,752
Bengali, English
Nepali, Hindi, Odia, Punjabi, Santali, Telugu, Urdu, Kamatapuri, Rajbanshi, Kurmali, Kurukh
Total
1,178,310,321
3,054,066
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
State
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
ISO
IN-AN
Vehicle code
AN
Zone
Southern
Capital
Port Blair
Largest city
1 November 1956
Established
380,581
Population (2011)
8,249
Area (km2)
Hindi, English
Official languages
—
Chandigarh
Chandigarh
State
Chandigarh
ISO
IN-CH
Vehicle code
CH
Zone
Northern
Capital
Chandigarh
Largest city
1 November 1966
Established
1,055,450
Population (2011)
114
Area (km2)
English, Hindi
Official languages
—
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
State
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
ISO
IN-DH
Vehicle code
DD
Zone
Western
Capital
Daman
Largest city
Silvassa
Established
26 January 2020
Population (2011)
587,106
Area (km2)
603
Official languages
Hindi, English
Additional official languages
Gujarati
Delhi
Delhi
State
Delhi
ISO
IN-DL
Vehicle code
DL
Zone
Northern
Capital
New Delhi
Largest city
Delhi
Established
1 November 1956
Population (2011)
16,787,941
Area (km2)
1,484
Official languages
Hindi, English
Additional official languages
Urdu, Punjabi
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
State
Jammu and Kashmir
ISO
IN-JK
Vehicle code
JK
Zone
Northern
Capital
Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter)
Largest city
Srinagar
Established
31 October 2019
Population (2011)
12,258,433
Area (km2)
42,241
Official languages
Dogri, English, Hindi, Kashmiri, Urdu
Additional official languages
—
Ladakh
Ladakh
State
Ladakh
ISO
IN-LA
Vehicle code
LA
Zone
Northern
Capital
Leh (Summer) Kargil (Winter)
Largest city
Leh
Established
31 October 2019
Population (2011)
290,492
Area (km2)
59,146
Official languages
Hindi, English
Additional official languages
—
Lakshadweep
Lakshadweep
State
Lakshadweep
ISO
IN-LD
Vehicle code
LD
Zone
Southern
Capital
Kavaratti
Largest city
1 November 1956
Established
64,473
Population (2011)
32
Area (km2)
English
Official languages
Malayalam
Puducherry
Puducherry
State
Puducherry
ISO
IN-PY
Vehicle code
PY
Zone
Southern
Capital
Pondicherry
Largest city
16 August 1962
Established
1,247,953
Population (2011)
479
Area (km2)
Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam
Official languages
English, French
Total
Total
State
Total
Vehicle code
32,672,429
Zone
112,348
State
ISO
Vehicle code
Zone
Capital
Largest city
Established
Population (2011)
Area (km2)
Official languages
Additional official languages
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
IN-AN
AN
Southern
Port Blair
1 November 1956
380,581
8,249
Hindi, English
—
Chandigarh
IN-CH
CH
Northern
Chandigarh
1 November 1966
1,055,450
114
English, Hindi
—
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
IN-DH
DD
Western
Daman
Silvassa
26 January 2020
587,106
603
Hindi, English
Gujarati
Delhi
IN-DL
DL
Northern
New Delhi
Delhi
1 November 1956
16,787,941
1,484
Hindi, English
Urdu, Punjabi
Jammu and Kashmir
IN-JK
JK
Northern
Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter)
Srinagar
31 October 2019
12,258,433
42,241
Dogri, English, Hindi, Kashmiri, Urdu
—
Ladakh
IN-LA
LA
Northern
Leh (Summer) Kargil (Winter)
Leh
31 October 2019
290,492
59,146
Hindi, English
—
Lakshadweep
IN-LD
LD
Southern
Kavaratti
1 November 1956
64,473
32
English
Malayalam
Puducherry
IN-PY
PY
Southern
Pondicherry
16 August 1962
1,247,953
479
Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam
English, French
Total
32,672,429
112,348
· Former states and union territories › Former states
Map
State
Capital
Years
Present-day state(s)
Ajmer State
Ajmer
1950–1956
Rajasthan
Andhra State
Kurnool
1953–1956
Andhra Pradesh
Bhopal State
Bhopal
1949–1956
Madhya Pradesh
Bilaspur State
Bilaspur
1950–1954
Himachal Pradesh
Bombay State
Bombay
1950–1960
Maharashtra, Gujarat, and partially Karnataka
Coorg State
Madikeri
1950–1956
Karnataka
East Punjab
Shimla (1947–1953) Chandigarh (1953–1966)
1947–1966
Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Chandigarh UT
Hyderabad State
Hyderabad
1948–1956
Telangana, and partially Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh
Jammu and Kashmir
Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter)
1947–2019
Jammu and Kashmir UT and Ladakh UT
Kutch State
Bhuj
1948–1956
Gujarat
Madhya Bharat
Indore (Summer) Gwalior (Winter)
1948–1956
Madhya Pradesh
Madras State
Madras
1950–1969
Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and partially Karnataka, Kerala and Telangana
Mysore State
Bangalore
1950–1973
Karnataka
Patiala and East Punjab States Union
Patiala
1948–1956
Punjab and Haryana
Saurashtra
Rajkot
1948–1956
Gujarat
Travancore–Cochin
Trivandrum
1949–1956
Kerala and partially Tamil Nadu
Vindhya Pradesh
Rewa
1948–1956
Madhya Pradesh
Former union territories of India
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Name
Arunachal Pradesh
Zone
North-Eastern
Capital
Itanagar
Area
83,743 km2 (32,333 sq mi)
Begin
21 January 1972
End
20 February 1987
Successor(s)
As an Indian state
Map
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Name
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Zone
Western
Capital
Silvassa
Area
491 km2 (190 sq mi)
Begin
11 August 1961
End
26 January 2020
Successor(s)
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (UT)
Map
Daman and Diu
Daman and Diu
Name
Daman and Diu
Zone
Western
Capital
Daman
Area
112 km2 (43 sq mi)
Begin
30 May 1987
End
26 January 2020
Successor(s)
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (UT)
Map
Goa, Daman and Diu
Goa, Daman and Diu
Name
Goa, Daman and Diu
Zone
Western
Capital
Panaji
Area
3,814 km2 (1,473 sq mi)
Begin
19 December 1961
End
30 May 1987
Successor(s)
Goa (state), Daman and Diu (UT)
Map
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Name
Himachal Pradesh
Zone
Northern
Capital
Shimla
Area
55,673 km2 (21,495 sq mi)
Begin
1 November 1956
End
25 January 1971
Successor(s)
As an Indian state
Map
Manipur
Manipur
Name
Manipur
Zone
North-Eastern
Capital
Imphal
Area
22,327 km2 (8,621 sq mi)
Begin
1 November 1956
End
21 January 1972
Successor(s)
As an Indian state
Map
Mizoram
Mizoram
Name
Mizoram
Zone
North-Eastern
Capital
Aizawl
Area
21,081 km2 (8,139 sq mi)
Begin
21 January 1972
End
20 February 1987
Successor(s)
As an Indian state
Map
Tripura
Tripura
Name
Tripura
Zone
North-Eastern
Capital
Agartala
Area
10,491 km2 (4,051 sq mi)
Begin
1 November 1956
End
21 January 1972
Successor(s)
As an Indian state
Map
Name
Zone
Capital
Area
Begin
End
Successor(s)
Map
Arunachal Pradesh
North-Eastern
Itanagar
83,743 km2 (32,333 sq mi)
21 January 1972
20 February 1987
As an Indian state
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Western
Silvassa
491 km2 (190 sq mi)
11 August 1961
26 January 2020
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (UT)
Daman and Diu
Western
Daman
112 km2 (43 sq mi)
30 May 1987
26 January 2020
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (UT)
Goa, Daman and Diu
Western
Panaji
3,814 km2 (1,473 sq mi)
19 December 1961
30 May 1987
Goa (state), Daman and Diu (UT)
Himachal Pradesh
Northern
Shimla
55,673 km2 (21,495 sq mi)
1 November 1956
25 January 1971
As an Indian state
Manipur
North-Eastern
Imphal
22,327 km2 (8,621 sq mi)
1 November 1956
21 January 1972
As an Indian state
Mizoram
North-Eastern
Aizawl
21,081 km2 (8,139 sq mi)
21 January 1972
20 February 1987
As an Indian state
Tripura
North-Eastern
Agartala
10,491 km2 (4,051 sq mi)
1 November 1956
21 January 1972
As an Indian state

References

  1. A few union territories have their own representative territorial governments.
  2. Nava Raipur is planned to replace Raipur as the capital city of Chhattisgarh.
  3. Andhra Pradesh was divided into two states, Telangana and a residual Andhra Pradesh on 2 June 2014. Hyderabad, located e
  4. Bengali and Nepali are the official languages in the Darjeeling and Kurseong sub-divisions of the Darjeeling district.
  5. Hindi, Odia, Punjabi, Santali, Urdu, Kamatapuri, Rajbanshi, Kurmali and Kurukh are treated as additional official langua
  6. Region around the Polavaram Project
  7. Bhadrachalam and few other areas.
  8. "States and Union Territories"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20170818054533/http://knowindia.gov.in/states-uts/
  9. "Local Government Directory, Government of India"
    https://lgdirectory.gov.in/
  10. Constitution of India
    https://lddashboard.legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf
  11. Andhra State Act, 1953
    https://thc.nic.in/Central%20Governmental%20Acts/Andhra%20State%20Act,%201953.pdf
  12. Reorganisation of states
    http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1955_7/42/reorganisation_of_statesthe_approach_and_arrangements.pdf
  13. "Dadra and Nagar Haveli Celebrated Its 60th Liberation Day"
    https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/dadra-and-nagar-haveli-celebrated-its-60th-liberation-day-1375437166-1
  14. The Economic Times
    https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/dadra-and-nagar-haveli-when-an-ias-officer-became-the-instrument-of-accession/articleshow/70611496.cms
  15. The Better India
    https://www.thebetterindia.com/135865/ias-badlani-prime-minister-dadra-nagar-haveli-history-india/
  16. "Constitutional Amendment"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200229133903/https://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/documents/amendment/amend10.htm
  17. Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future
  18. "Nagaland History & Geography-Source"
    http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_nagaland.php
  19. Himachal Pradesh Tenth Five Year Plan
    http://hpplanning.nic.in/mid%20term%20review%2010th%20five%20year%20plan.pdf
  20. The Punjab Reorganisation Act 1966
    http://india.gov.in/allimpfrms/allacts/474.pdf
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