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Stanley Kubrick

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Stanley Kubrick

Stanley Kubrick ( KOO-brick; July 26, 1928 – March 7, 1999) was an American filmmaker and photographer. A major figure of the post-war film industry, Kubrick is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential filmmakers in the history of cinema. His films were nearly all adaptations of novels or short stories, spanning a number of genres and gaining recognition for their intense attention to detail, innovative cinematography, extensive set design, and dark humor. Born in New York City, Kubrick taught himself film producing and directing after graduating from high school. After working as a photographer for Look magazine in the late 1940s and early 1950s, he began making low-budget short films and made his first major Hollywood film, The Killing, for United Artists in 1956. This was followed by two collaborations with Kirk Douglas: the anti-war film Paths of Glory (1957) and the historical epic film Spartacus (1960). In 1961, Kubrick left the United States and settled in England. In 1978, he made his home at Childwickbury Manor with his wife Christiane, and it became his workplace where he centralized the writing, research, editing, and management of his productions. This permitted him almost complete artistic control over his films, with the rare advantage of financial support from major Hollywood studios. His first productions in England were two films with Peter Sellers: the comedy-drama Lolita (1962) and the Cold War satire Dr. Strangelove (1964). A perfectionist who assumed direct control over most aspects of his filmmaking, Kubrick cultivated an expertise in writing, editing, color grading, promotion, and exhibition. He was famous for the painstaking care taken in researching his films and staging scenes. He frequently asked for several dozen retakes of the same shot in a film, often confusing and frustrating his actors. Despite the notoriety this provoked, many of Kubrick's films broke new cinematic ground and are now considered landmarks. The scientific realism and innovative special effects in his science fiction epic 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) were a first in cinema history; the film earned him his only Academy Award (for Best Visual Effects) and is regarded as one of the greatest films ever made. While many of Kubrick's films were controversial and initially received mixed reviews upon release—particularly the brutal A Clockwork Orange (1971), which Kubrick withdrew from circulation in the UK following a media frenzy—most were nominated for Academy Awards, Golden Globes, or BAFTA Awards, and underwent critical re-evaluations. For the 18th-century period film Barry Lyndon (1975), Kubrick obtained lenses developed by Carl Zeiss for NASA to film scenes by candlelight. With the horror film The Shining (1980), he became one of the first directors to make use of a Steadicam for stabilized and fluid tracking shots, a technology vital to his Vietnam War film Full Metal Jacket (1987). A few days after hosting a screening for his family and the stars of his final film, the erotic drama Eyes Wide Shut (1999), he died at the age of 70.

Infobox

Born
(1928-07-26)July 26, 1928New York City, U.S.
Died
March 7, 1999(1999-03-07) (aged 70)Childwickbury, Hertfordshire, England
Occupations
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Works
Full list
Spouses
mw- Toba Metz (m. 1948; div. 1951) Ruth Sobotka (m. 1955; div. 1957) Christiane Harlan (m. 1958)
Children
2, including Vivian

Tables

mw- Table featuring films directed by Stanley Kubrick · Filmography
1952
Fear and Desire
Role(s)
Yes
Notes
No
1955
Killer's Kiss
Role(s)
Yes
Notes
Story
1956
The Killing
Role(s)
Yes
Notes
Yes
1957
Paths of Glory
Role(s)
Yes
Notes
Yes
1960
Spartacus
Role(s)
Yes
Notes
No
1962
Lolita
Role(s)
Yes
Notes
No
1964
Dr. Strangelove
Role(s)
Yes
Notes
Yes
1968
2001: A Space Odyssey
Role(s)
Yes
Notes
Yes
1971
A Clockwork Orange
Role(s)
Yes
Notes
Yes
1975
Barry Lyndon
Role(s)
Yes
Notes
Yes
1980
The Shining
Role(s)
Yes
Notes
Yes
1987
Full Metal Jacket
Role(s)
Yes
Notes
Yes
1999
Eyes Wide Shut
Role(s)
Yes
Notes
Yes
Year
Title
Director
Writer
Producer
Notes
Ref(s).
1952
Fear and Desire
Yes
No
Yes
Also editor and cinematographer
1955
Killer's Kiss
Yes
Story
Yes
1956
The Killing
Yes
Yes
No
1957
Paths of Glory
Yes
Yes
Yes
1960
Spartacus
Yes
No
No
1962
Lolita
Yes
No
No
1964
Dr. Strangelove
Yes
Yes
Yes
1968
2001: A Space Odyssey
Yes
Yes
Yes
Also director and designer of special photographic effects
1971
A Clockwork Orange
Yes
Yes
Yes
1975
Barry Lyndon
Yes
Yes
Yes
1980
The Shining
Yes
Yes
Yes
1987
Full Metal Jacket
Yes
Yes
Yes
1999
Eyes Wide Shut
Yes
Yes
Yes
Posthumous release

References

  1. 1 pound sterling was equivalent to US$4.03 in 1945.
  2. Coverage of the circus gave Kubrick grounds for developing his documentary skills and capturing athletic movements on ca
  3. Kubrick was particularly fascinated with Eisenstein's Alexander Nevsky and played the Prokofiev soundtrack to the film o
  4. Walter Cartier also said of Kubrick: "Stanley comes in prepared like a fighter for a big fight, he knows exactly what he
  5. Kubrick called Fear and Desire a "bumbling, amateur film exercise ... a completely inept oddity, boring and pretentious"
  6. Kubrick himself thought of the film as an amateurish effort—a student film. Despite this, the film historian Alexander W
  7. Harris beat United Artists in the purchase of the rights for the film, who were interested in it as the next picture for
  8. Kubrick and Harris had thought that the positive reception from critics had made their presence known in Hollywood, but
  9. Kubrick and Schary agreed to work on Stefan Zweig's The Burning Secret, and Kubrick began working on a script with novel
  10. Douglas informed United Artists that he would not do The Vikings (1958) unless they agreed to make Paths of Glory and pa
  11. This is disputed by Carlo Fiore, who has claimed that Brando had not heard of Kubrick initially and that it was he who a
  12. According to biographer John Baxter, Kubrick was furious with Brando's casting of France Nuyen, and when Kubrick had con
  13. Spartacus eventually cost a reported $12 million to produce and earned only $14.6 million.
  14. The battle scenes of Spartacus were shot over six weeks in Spain in mid-1959. Biographer John Baxter has criticized some
  15. A problematic production in that Kubrick wanted to shoot at a slow pace of two camera set-ups a day, but the studio insi
  16. According to biographer Baxter, Douglas continued to resent Kubrick's domination during production, remarking, "He'll be
  17. The two got on during production, displaying many similarities; both left school prematurely, played jazz drums, and sha
  18. Kubrick and Harris had proved they could adapt a highly controversial novel without studio interference. The moderate ea
  19. Footage of Sellers playing four different roles was shot by Kubrick: "an RAF captain on secondment to Burpelson Air Forc
  20. Several commentators have speculated that HAL is a slur on IBM, with the letters alphabetically falling before it, and p
  21. Biographer John Baxter quotes Ken Adam as saying that Kubrick was not responsible for most of the effects, and that Wall
  22. This made the film one of the five most successful MGM films at the time along with Gone With the Wind (1939), The Wizar
  23. The name is derived from the Russian suffix for "teen"
  24. Kubrick had been impressed with his ability to "shift from schoolboy innocence to insolence and, if needed, violence".
  25. Despite this, Kubrick disagreed with many of the scathing press reports in British media in the early 1970s that the fil
  26. Kubrick told Ciment, "I created a picture file of thousands of drawings and paintings for every type of reference that w
  27. Baxter states that Kubrick had originally intended using the scherzo from Mendelssohn's A Midsummer Night's Dream to acc
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    https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/movies/features/kubrick1987.htm
  289. Walker 1981, p. 136.
  290. LoBrutto 1999, p. 385.
  291. Entertainment Weekly
    http://www.ew.com/article/2012/11/09/stanley-kubrick-stories
  292. Ciment 1980, p. 196.
  293. Ciment 1980, p. 177.
  294. Ciment 1980, p. 176.
  295. LoBrutto 1999, p. 407.
  296. LoBrutto 1999, p. 391.
  297. Screen Crush
    http://screencrush.com/kubrick-one-point-perspective-mashup/
  298. Ciment 1980, p. 189.
  299. LoBrutto 1999, p. 294.
  300. LoBrutto 1999, p. 389.
  301. LoBrutto 1999, p. 400.
  302. LoBrutto 1999, p. 408.
  303. Walker 1972, p. 42.
  304. Baxter 1997, p. 6.
  305. Ciment 1980, pp. 153, 156.
  306. LoBrutto 1999, p. 405.
  307. Baxter 1997, p. 225.
  308. Baxter 1997, p. 226.
  309. Duchesneau & Marx 2011, p. xx.
  310. The Shining
    http://idyllopuspress.com/idyllopus/film/shining_opening.htm
  311. The 13 most terrifying horror film scores of all time|Classical Music
    https://www.classical-music.com/features/tv-and-film-music/six-best-horror-film-scores
  312. Duncan 2003a, p. 48.
  313. Duncan 2003, p. 68.
  314. LoBrutto 1999, p. 165.
  315. LoBrutto 1999, p. 224.
  316. LoBrutto 1999, p. 271.
  317. LoBrutto 1999, p. 374.
  318. Walker 1972, p. 368.
  319. Ciment 1980, p. 145.
  320. LoBrutto 1999, p. 1.
  321. Herr 2001, p. 6.
  322. LoBrutto 1999, p. 491.
  323. LoBrutto 1999, p. 85.
  324. Ciment 1980, p. 289.
  325. Baxter 1997, p. 7.
  326. Entertainment Weekly
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120908110411/http://insidemovies.ew.com/2012/08/07/matthew-modine-full-metal-jacket-app/
  327. LoBrutto 1999, p. 328.
  328. Jan Harlan in Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures
  329. Walker 1972, p. 372.
  330. Walker 1972, pp. 373–4.
  331. Kubrick 2002, p. 73.
  332. Fear and Desire
    https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/feb/03/fear-desire-kubrick-classic-dvd
  333. Fear and Desire
    https://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/453531
  334. Killer's Kiss
    https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/killers_kiss
  335. "A heist played like a game of chess"
    https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-the-killing-1956
  336. Paths of Glory
    https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/paths_of_glory
  337. Paths of Glory
    https://www.criterion.com/films/27522-paths-of-glory
  338. Spartacus
    https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/spartacus-1991
  339. Lolita
    https://www.nytimes.com/1962/06/14/archives/screen-lolita-vladimir-nabokovs-adaptation-of-his-novelsue-lyon-and.html
  340. Lolita
    https://www.jstor.org/stable/25748170
  341. Dr. Strangelove
    https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/almost-everything-in-dr-strangelove-was-true
  342. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/sep/04/stanley-kubrick-did-not-deserve-oscar-2001-special-effects-douglas-trumbull
  343. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/apr/15/2001-a-space-odyssey-film-haunts-dream-space
  344. 2001: A Space Odyssey
    https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-2001-a-space-odyssey-1968
  345. 2001: A Space Odyssey
    https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/stanley-kubrick-2001-space-odyssey-cameo/
  346. A Clockwork Orange
    https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/apr/05/a-clockwork-orange-kubrick-review
  347. A Clockwork Orange
    https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/a-clockwork-orange-1972
  348. Barry Lyndon
    https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jul/14/stanley-kubrick-barry-lyndon-put-spell-on-people
  349. Barry Lyndon
    https://web.archive.org/web/20181017180752/http://www.tcm.com/watchtcm/movies/16197/Barry-Lyndon
  350. "Isolated madness"
    https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-the-shining-1980
  351. Full Metal Jacket
    https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2017/aug/01/how-we-made-full-metal-jacket-stanley-kubrick-matthew-modine
  352. Eyes Wide Shut
    https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2014/07/eyes-wide-shut-tom-cruise-nicole-kidman
  353. Eyes Wide Shut
    https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/eyes_wide_shut
  354. The New York Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160309104659/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/98221/Stanley-Kubrick/biography
  355. Debolt & Baugess 2011, p. 355.
  356. The Encyclopedia of Stanley Kubrick
    https://stanley_kubrick.en-academic.com/116
  357. A Cinema of Loneliness: Penn, Kubrick, Coppola, Scorsese, Altman
    https://www.dga.org/Craft/DGAQ/All-Articles/1102-Summer-2011/Books-Cinema-Lonliness.aspx
  358. Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey: New Essays
    https://www.jstor.org/stable/25475111?seq=1
  359. "The Legacy of Stanley Kubrick and the Kubrick Archives"
    https://blog.oup.com/2017/07/stanley-kubrick-archives/
  360. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/nov/12/martin-scorsese-scariest-films-the-haunting-shining
  361. IndieWire
    http://www.indiewire.com/2013/08/10-filmmakers-top-10-films-lists-scorsese-kubrick-allen-tarantino-nolan-and-more-196745/
  362. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/film/2000/may/05/1
  363. The Hollywood Reporter
    https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/moonrise-kingdom-wes-anderson-kubrick-polanski-335930
  364. Screen Rant
    https://screenrant.com/movies-inspired-star-wars/
  365. The Telegraph
    https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/6720156/James-Cameron-interview-for-Avatar.html
  366. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/mar/13/film-that-changed-my-life-terry-gilliam
  367. The Hindu
    http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/entertainment/The-curious-case-of-the-Coens/article14571332.ece
  368. The A.V. Club
    https://www.avclub.com/ridley-scott-explains-blade-runners-debt-to-stanley-kub-1818546287
  369. Miami Herald
    http://www.miamiherald.com/entertainment/movies-news-reviews/article161691123.html
  370. "Ridley Scott Reveals Stanley Kubrick Gave Him Footage From 'The Shining' for 'Blade Runner' Ending"
    https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ridley-scott-reveals-stanley-kubrick-847447
  371. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/03/movies/home-video-eyes-wide-shut-with-extras.html
  372. Estrin 2002, p. 122.
  373. Entertainment Weekly
    http://www.ew.com/article/2013/04/06/room-237-stanley-kubrick-shining-influence
  374. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/film/2002/jan/13/features
  375. Grailed
    https://www.grailed.com/drycleanonly/stanley-kubrick-fashion-influence
  376. The Independent
    https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/the-movie-that-mattered-to-me-1828427.html
  377. "Post-Kubrick: On the Filmmaker's Influence and Legacy"
    http://www.screeningthepast.com/issue-42-post-kubrick-dossier/post-kubrick-on-the-filmmakers-influence-and-legacy/
  378. The Film Stage
    https://thefilmstage.com/michael-manns-10-favorite-films/
  379. "From Stanley Kubrick to Martin Scorsese: Gaspar Noé names his 13 favourite films of all time"
    https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/gaspar-noe-13-favourite-films-list-kubrick-scorsese/
  380. The Telegraph
    https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3578079/Filmmakers-on-film-Frank-Darabont.html
  381. "PJ Harvey: 'I was just trying to survive'"
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1U5MyO9xUJA
  382. "Kanye West talks to Annie Mac, on Pablo, Ikea, Glastonbury and running for President"
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pbtd27tJqXs
  383. Los Angeles Times
    http://herocomplex.latimes.com/movies/clockwork-orange-malcolm-mcdowell-finally-appreciates-classic/#/0
  384. Boards Magazine
    https://web.archive.org/web/20000816011244/http://www.boardsmag.com/articles/online/19990922/tarsem.html
  385. Rhodes 2008, p. 233.
  386. Stanley Kubrick
  387. Sunday Tribune
    https://web.archive.org/web/20091021162936/http://www.tribune.ie/article/2009/sep/27/stanleys-rubric/
  388. Los Angeles Times
    http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/culture/la-et-cm-stanley-kubrick-lacma-20121028-story.html
  389. The Huffington Post
    http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/29/lacma-art-film-gala-2012_n_2041258.html#slide=1699469
  390. "Inside the Very Striking Stanley Kubrick Show at LACMA"
    http://la.curbed.com/archives/2012/10/inside_the_very_striking_stanley_kubrick_show_at_lacma.php
  391. The National Post
    https://nationalpost.com/entertainment/movies/the-tiff-bell-lightbox-collects-the-curiosities-of-stanley-kubrick-in-its-largest-ever-retrospective
  392. The Marshall News Messenger
    https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14358815/kubrick_award_1999/
  393. "Stanley Kubrick: on living the good life"
    http://www.thecliffedge.com/?p=2695
  394. Bingham 2010, p. 148.
  395. Inventory: 16 Films Featuring Manic Pixie Dream Girls, 10 Great Songs Nearly Ruined by Saxophone, and 100 More Obsessively Specific Pop-Culture Lists
    https://books.google.com/books?id=QnEImgsqBbAC&pg=RA1-PT261
  396. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/apr/15/2001-a-space-odyssey-film-haunts-dream-space
  397. "Pluto's largest moon, Charon, gets its first official feature names"
    https://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau1803/
  398. LA Weekly
    https://www.laweekly.com/art-pick-stanley-kubrick-photographs-at-the-skirball/
  399. Time Out Los Angeles
    https://www.timeout.com/los-angeles/things-to-do/through-a-different-lens-stanley-kubrick-photographs
  400. Jewish Journal
    https://jewishjournal.com/arts/304500/exhibition-focuses-a-different-lens-on-stanley-kubricks-photography/
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