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Spotify

Updated: 12/20/2025, 2:30:52 PM Wikipedia source

Spotify is a Swedish-Luxembourgish audio streaming and media service provider founded in April 2006 by Daniel Ek and Martin Lorentzon. As of September 2025, it is one of the largest providers of music streaming services, with over 713 million monthly active users comprising 281 million paying subscribers. Spotify is listed on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of American depositary receipts. Spotify offers DRM-protected audio content, including over 100 million songs and over 7 million podcast titles, from record labels and media companies. Operating as a freemium service, the basic features are free with advertisements and limited control, while additional features, such as offline listening and commercial-free listening, are offered via paid subscriptions. Users can search for music based on artist, album, or genre, and can create, edit, and share playlists. It offers some social media features such as messaging, creating profiles, following friends, shared playlists, and creating listening parties called "Jams". As of December 2022, Spotify is available in most of Europe, as well as Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Oceania, with a total availability in 184 markets. Its users and subscribers are based largely in the US and Europe, jointly accounting for around 53% of users and 67% of revenue. It has no presence in mainland China, where the market is dominated by QQ Music. The service is available on most devices, including Windows, MacOS, and Linux computers, IOS and Android smartphones and tablets, Smart Home devices such as the Amazon Echo and Google Nest lines of products, and digital media players like Roku. As of December 2023, Spotify was the 47th most-visited website in the world with 24.78% of its traffic coming from the United States followed by Brazil with 6.51% according to data provided by Semrush. As of 2022, Spotify is the current sponsor of Spanish football club FC Barcelona, with music artists like Drake, Travis Scott and Ed Sheeran collaborating with the club by changing their shirts into their artist logo, sometimes used for album promotions. Unlike physical or download sales, which pay artists a fixed price per song or album sold, Spotify pays royalties based on the number of artist streams as a proportion of total songs streamed. It distributes approximately 70% of its total revenue to rights holders (often record labels), who then pay artists based on individual agreements. While certain musicians laud the service for offering a lawful option to combat piracy and for remunerating artists each time their music is played, others have voiced objections to Spotify's royalty structure and its effect on record sales.

Infobox

Type of business
Public
Traded as
mw- NYSE: SPOTRussell 1000 component
Founded
April 2006
Headquarters
Luxembourg, Luxembourg (registered) Stockholm, Sweden (operational)
Country of origin
Sweden
No. of locations
15 offices
Area served
Worldwide (except blocked countries)
Founders
Daniel EkMartin Lorentzon
Key people
Daniel Ek (Chairman) Alex Norström (co-CEO) Gustav Söderström (co-CEO) Martin Lorentzon (co-Founder, Director)
Industry
Audio streamingPodcasting
Revenue
€15.67 billion (2024)
Operating income
€1.365 billion (2024)
Net income
€1.138 billion (2024)
Total assets
€12.01 billion (2024)
Total equity
€5.525 billion (2024)
Employees
7,323 (September 2025)
Subsidiaries
Spotify AB: 38 Spotify USA Inc.: 38 Spotify Ltd (UK): 38 Several other regional subsidiaries: 38
URL
spotify.com
Registration
Required
Users
Free: 446 millionPaying: 281 millionTotal (MAU): 713 million(September 2025[update]): 42–43
Launched
7 October 2008; 17 years ago (2008-10-07)

Tables

· Corporate affairs
2017
2017
Year
2017
Revenue(US$ bn)
4.6
Gross operatingprofit(US$ m)
−366
Net profit(US$ m)
−1,395
Total assets(US$ bn)
3.5
Number ofemployees(k)
2.9
2018
2018
Year
2018
Revenue(US$ bn)
6.2
Gross operatingprofit(US$ m)
−12.9
Net profit(US$ m)
−92.1
Total assets(US$ bn)
5.1
Number ofemployees(k)
3.6
2019
2019
Year
2019
Revenue(US$ bn)
7.5
Gross operatingprofit(US$ m)
15.6
Net profit(US$ m)
−208
Total assets(US$ bn)
5.7
Number ofemployees(k)
4.4
2020
2020
Year
2020
Revenue(US$ bn)
9.0
Gross operatingprofit(US$ m)
−207
Net profit(US$ m)
−663
Total assets(US$ bn)
7.2
Number ofemployees(k)
3.6
2021
2021
Year
2021
Revenue(US$ bn)
11.4
Gross operatingprofit(US$ m)
261
Net profit(US$ m)
−40.2
Total assets(US$ bn)
8.4
Number ofemployees(k)
6.6
2022
2022
Year
2022
Revenue(US$ bn)
12.3
Gross operatingprofit(US$ m)
−514
Net profit(US$ m)
−453
Total assets(US$ bn)
8.0
Number ofemployees(k)
8.3
2023
2023
Year
2023
Revenue(US$ bn)
14.3
Gross operatingprofit(US$ m)
−311
Net profit(US$ m)
−575
Total assets(US$ bn)
9.0
Number ofemployees(k)
9.1
2024
2024
Year
2024
Revenue(US$ bn)
15.7
Gross operatingprofit(US$ m)
1,365
Net profit(US$ m)
1,138
Total assets(US$ bn)
12.0
Number ofemployees(k)
7.2
Year
Revenue(US$ bn)
Gross operatingprofit(US$ m)
Net profit(US$ m)
Total assets(US$ bn)
Number ofemployees(k)
2017
4.6
−366
−1,395
3.5
2.9
2018
6.2
−12.9
−92.1
5.1
3.6
2019
7.5
15.6
−208
5.7
4.4
2020
9.0
−207
−663
7.2
3.6
2021
11.4
261
−40.2
8.4
6.6
2022
12.3
−514
−453
8.0
8.3
2023
14.3
−311
−575
9.0
9.1
2024
15.7
1,365
1,138
12.0
7.2
Spotify subscription tiers · Business model › Accounts and subscriptions
Spotify Free
Spotify Free
Type
Spotify Free
Remove ads
No
Mobile listening
Limited(shuffle-only mode)
Sound quality
Up to 160 kbit/s Vorbis or 128 kbit/s Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) for the web player
Listen offline
No
Spotify Connect
Limited(Spotify Connect device using the new SDK)
Spotify Premium
Spotify Premium
Type
Spotify Premium
Remove ads
Yes*
Mobile listening
Yes
Sound quality
Up to 320 kbit/s Vorbis or 256 kbit/s AAC for the web player
Listen offline
Yes
Spotify Connect
Yes
Type
Remove ads
Mobile listening
Sound quality
Listen offline
Spotify Connect
Spotify Free
No
Limited(shuffle-only mode)
Up to 160 kbit/s Vorbis or 128 kbit/s Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) for the web player
No
Limited(Spotify Connect device using the new SDK)
Spotify Premium
Yes*
Yes
Up to 320 kbit/s Vorbis or 256 kbit/s AAC for the web player
Yes
Yes
Prices for Spotify Premium tiers as of September 2025[202] · Business model › Accounts and subscriptions
Student
Student
Plan
Student
Price
$5.99
Individual
Individual
Plan
Individual
Price
$11.99
Duo
Duo
Plan
Duo
Price
$16.99
Family
Family
Plan
Family
Price
$19.99
Plan
Price
Student
$5.99
Individual
$11.99
Duo
$16.99
Family
$19.99
Audio quality options · Platforms › Technical information
Music
Music
Desktop, mobile, and tablet
Music
Standard quality options
Standard quality options
Desktop, mobile, and tablet
Standard quality options
HE-AAC v2 24 kbit/s
HE-AAC v2 24 kbit/s
Desktop, mobile, and tablet
HE-AAC v2 24 kbit/s
Web player
AAC 128 kbit/s
Vorbis 96 kbit/s
Vorbis 96 kbit/s
Desktop, mobile, and tablet
Vorbis 96 kbit/s
Vorbis 160 kbit/s
Vorbis 160 kbit/s
Desktop, mobile, and tablet
Vorbis 160 kbit/s
Premium quality options
Premium quality options
Desktop, mobile, and tablet
Premium quality options
Vorbis 320 kbit/s
Vorbis 320 kbit/s
Desktop, mobile, and tablet
Vorbis 320 kbit/s
Web player
AAC 256 kbit/s
Podcasts
Podcasts
Desktop, mobile, and tablet
Podcasts
HE-AAC v2 24 kbit/s
HE-AAC v2 24 kbit/s
Desktop, mobile, and tablet
HE-AAC v2 24 kbit/s
Web player
AAC 128 kbit/s
Vorbis 96 kbit/s
Vorbis 96 kbit/s
Desktop, mobile, and tablet
Vorbis 96 kbit/s
Desktop, mobile, and tablet
Web player
Music
Standard quality options
HE-AAC v2 24 kbit/s
AAC 128 kbit/s
Vorbis 96 kbit/s
Vorbis 160 kbit/s
Premium quality options
Vorbis 320 kbit/s
AAC 256 kbit/s
Podcasts
HE-AAC v2 24 kbit/s
AAC 128 kbit/s
Vorbis 96 kbit/s
· Geographic availability
Date
Date
History of expansion
Date
History of expansion
Countries/regions
History of expansion
Reference(s)
7 October 2008
7 October 2008
History of expansion
7 October 2008
History of expansion
Sweden  Finland  France  Norway  Spain
10 February 2009
10 February 2009
History of expansion
10 February 2009
History of expansion
United Kingdom
18 May 2010
18 May 2010
History of expansion
18 May 2010
History of expansion
Netherlands
14 July 2011
14 July 2011
History of expansion
14 July 2011
History of expansion
United States
12 October 2011
12 October 2011
History of expansion
12 October 2011
History of expansion
Denmark
15 November 2011
15 November 2011
History of expansion
15 November 2011
History of expansion
Austria
16 November 2011
16 November 2011
History of expansion
16 November 2011
History of expansion
Belgium   Switzerland
13 March 2012
13 March 2012
History of expansion
13 March 2012
History of expansion
Germany
22 May 2012
22 May 2012
History of expansion
22 May 2012
History of expansion
Australia  New Zealand
13 November 2012
13 November 2012
History of expansion
13 November 2012
History of expansion
Andorra  Ireland  Liechtenstein  Luxembourg  Monaco
History of expansion
[non-primary source needed]
12 February 2013
12 February 2013
History of expansion
12 February 2013
History of expansion
Italy  Poland  Portugal
16 April 2013
16 April 2013
History of expansion
16 April 2013
History of expansion
Estonia  Hong Kong  Iceland  Latvia  Lithuania  Malaysia  Mexico  Singapore
24 September 2013
24 September 2013
History of expansion
24 September 2013
History of expansion
Argentina  Greece  Taiwan  Turkey
12 December 2013
12 December 2013
History of expansion
12 December 2013
History of expansion
Bolivia  Bulgaria  Chile  Colombia  Costa Rica  Cyprus  Czech Republic  Dominican Republic  Ecuador  El Salvador  Guatemala  Honduras  Hungary  Malta  Nicaragua  Panama  Paraguay  Peru  Slovakia  Uruguay
8 April 2014
8 April 2014
History of expansion
8 April 2014
History of expansion
Philippines
28 May 2014
28 May 2014
History of expansion
28 May 2014
History of expansion
Brazil
30 September 2014
30 September 2014
History of expansion
30 September 2014
History of expansion
Canada
30 March 2016
30 March 2016
History of expansion
30 March 2016
History of expansion
Indonesia
29 September 2016
29 September 2016
History of expansion
29 September 2016
History of expansion
Japan
22 August 2017
22 August 2017
History of expansion
22 August 2017
History of expansion
Thailand
13 March 2018
13 March 2018
History of expansion
13 March 2018
History of expansion
Israel  Romania  South Africa  Vietnam
13 November 2018
13 November 2018
History of expansion
13 November 2018
History of expansion
Algeria  Bahrain  Egypt  Jordan  Kuwait  Lebanon  Morocco  Oman  Palestine  Qatar  Saudi Arabia  Tunisia  United Arab Emirates
26 February 2019
26 February 2019
History of expansion
26 February 2019
History of expansion
India
14 July 2020
14 July 2020
History of expansion
14 July 2020
History of expansion
Albania  Belarus  Bosnia and Herzegovina  Croatia  Kazakhstan  Kosovo  Moldova  Montenegro  North Macedonia  Russia (Suspended on 25 March 2022 until further notice)  Serbia  Slovenia  Ukraine
1 February 2021
1 February 2021
History of expansion
1 February 2021
History of expansion
South Korea
23 February 2021
23 February 2021
History of expansion
23 February 2021
History of expansion
Bangladesh  Ghana  Kenya  Nigeria  Pakistan  Sri Lanka  Tanzania  Uganda
24 February 2021
24 February 2021
History of expansion
24 February 2021
History of expansion
Antigua and Barbuda  Armenia  Bahamas  Barbados  Belize  Bermuda  Bhutan  Botswana  Burkina Faso  Cabo Verde  Curaçao  Dominica  Timor-Leste  Fiji  Gambia  Georgia  Grenada  Guinea-Bissau  Guyana  Haiti  Jamaica  Kiribati  Lesotho  Liberia  Malawi  Maldives  Mali  Marshall Islands  Micronesia  Namibia  Nauru  Niger  Palau  Papua New Guinea  Samoa  San Marino  Sao Tome and Principe  Senegal  Seychelles  Sierra Leone  Solomon Islands  St. Kitts and Nevis  St. Lucia  St. Vincent and the Grenadines  Suriname  Tonga  Trinidad and Tobago  Tuvalu  Vanuatu
25 February 2021
25 February 2021
History of expansion
25 February 2021
History of expansion
Azerbaijan  Brunei  Burundi  Cambodia  Cameroon  Chad  Comoros  Equatorial Guinea  Eswatini  Gabon  Guinea  Kyrgyzstan  Laos  Macau  Mauritania  Mongolia    Nepal  Rwanda  Togo  Uzbekistan  Zimbabwe
16 March 2021
16 March 2021
History of expansion
16 March 2021
History of expansion
Angola  Benin  Djibouti  Côte d'Ivoire  Madagascar  Mauritius  Mozambique  Zambia
29 September 2021
29 September 2021
History of expansion
29 September 2021
History of expansion
Anguilla  Aruba  Bonaire  British Virgin Islands  Cayman Islands  French Guiana  Guadeloupe  Martinique  Montserrat  Saba  Saint Barthélemy  Saint Martin  Sint Eustatius  Sint Maarten  Turks and Caicos Islands
16 November 2021
16 November 2021
History of expansion
16 November 2021
History of expansion
Democratic Republic of the Congo  Iraq  Libya  Republic of the Congo  Tajikistan  Venezuela
22 December 2022
22 December 2022
History of expansion
22 December 2022
History of expansion
Ethiopia
History of expansion
Date
Countries/regions
Reference(s)
7 October 2008
Sweden Finland France Norway Spain
10 February 2009
United Kingdom
18 May 2010
Netherlands
14 July 2011
United States
12 October 2011
Denmark
15 November 2011
Austria
16 November 2011
Belgium Switzerland
13 March 2012
Germany
22 May 2012
Australia New Zealand
13 November 2012
Andorra Ireland Liechtenstein Luxembourg Monaco
[non-primary source needed]
12 February 2013
Italy Poland Portugal
16 April 2013
Estonia Hong Kong Iceland Latvia Lithuania Malaysia Mexico Singapore
24 September 2013
Argentina Greece Taiwan Turkey
12 December 2013
Bolivia Bulgaria Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cyprus Czech Republic Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Hungary Malta Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Slovakia Uruguay
8 April 2014
Philippines
28 May 2014
Brazil
30 September 2014
Canada
30 March 2016
Indonesia
29 September 2016
Japan
22 August 2017
Thailand
13 March 2018
Israel Romania South Africa Vietnam
13 November 2018
Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia United Arab Emirates
26 February 2019
India
14 July 2020
Albania Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Kazakhstan Kosovo Moldova Montenegro North Macedonia Russia (Suspended on 25 March 2022 until further notice) Serbia Slovenia Ukraine
1 February 2021
South Korea
23 February 2021
Bangladesh Ghana Kenya Nigeria Pakistan Sri Lanka Tanzania Uganda
24 February 2021
Antigua and Barbuda Armenia Bahamas Barbados Belize Bermuda Bhutan Botswana Burkina Faso Cabo Verde Curaçao Dominica Timor-Leste Fiji Gambia Georgia Grenada Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Jamaica Kiribati Lesotho Liberia Malawi Maldives Mali Marshall Islands Micronesia Namibia Nauru Niger Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Solomon Islands St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tuvalu Vanuatu
25 February 2021
Azerbaijan Brunei Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Chad Comoros Equatorial Guinea Eswatini Gabon Guinea Kyrgyzstan Laos Macau Mauritania Mongolia Nepal Rwanda Togo Uzbekistan Zimbabwe
16 March 2021
Angola Benin Djibouti Côte d'Ivoire Madagascar Mauritius Mozambique Zambia
29 September 2021
Anguilla Aruba Bonaire British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands French Guiana Guadeloupe Martinique Montserrat Saba Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Sint Eustatius Sint Maarten Turks and Caicos Islands
16 November 2021
Democratic Republic of the Congo Iraq Libya Republic of the Congo Tajikistan Venezuela
22 December 2022
Ethiopia

References

  1. /ˈspɒtɪfaɪ/; .mw- .mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw- Swedish: [ˈspɔ̂tːɪfaj]
  2. EBITDA
  3. Manatt, Phelps & Phillips estimated in 2016 that about 58.5% of Spotify's total revenue goes to master royalties, 6% to
  4. "Form 20-F"
    https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1639920/000163992025000003/ck0001639920-20241231.htm
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  6. Variety
    https://variety.com/2025/digital/news/spotify-q4-2024-earnings-first-full-year-profit-double-down-music-1236296518/
  7. The Guardian
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  8. Spotify For the Record
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  12. Roku Channel Store
    https://channelstore.roku.com/details/19977/spotify
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    https://www.semrush.com/trending-websites/global/all
  14. semrush
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  15. "Spotify and Apple Music should become record labels so musicians can make a fair living"
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  20. Variety
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  21. Forbes
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  22. Mood Machine: The Rise of Spotify and the Costs of the Perfect Playlist
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  24. The Verge
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  25. New York Post
    https://nypost.com/2012/03/29/spotify-to-continue-to-let-us-users-stream-music-for-free/
  26. The Independent
    https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/spotifys-threats-to-leave-sweden-spur-startup-protest-in-stockholm-a6986431.html
  27. "Spotify expands with World Trade Center move"
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  28. Business Insider
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  29. Arab News
    https://arab.news/naj9n
  30. Billboard
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  31. The Guardian
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  32. Music Business Worldwide
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  33. Music Business Worldwide
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  34. Music Business Worldwide
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  35. One Dance
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2016/12/16/drakes-one-dance-is-the-first-song-to-hit-1-billion-plays-on-spotify/
  36. One Dance
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  37. Associated Press News
    https://www.apnews.com/54b87ebc88bd4565bd3bb1622970e6d9
  38. Billboard
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  39. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/business-12676327
  40. Mashable
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  41. Time
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  42. The Next Web
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  43. "Spotify: Growing like mad, yet so far to go"
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  44. "Spotify Hits 10 Million Paid Users. Now Can It Make Money?"
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  45. The Verge
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  46. 9to5Mac
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  47. The Daily Telegraph
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  48. Variety
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  49. "Spotify's subscribers, usage surge amid coronavirus outbreak"
    https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/29/spotify-spot-earnings-q1-2020.html
  50. "Spotify Q1 2022 financials reveal 182m subscribers and 422m active users – Music Ally"
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  51. The Verge
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  54. TechRadar
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  58. The Guardian
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  59. Billboard
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  407. "Yes, Major Record Labels Are Keeping Nearly All The Money They Get From Spotify, Rather Than Giving It To Artists"
    https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150204/07310329906/yes-major-record-labels-are-keeping-nearly-all-money-they-get-spotify-rather-than-giving-it-to-artists.shtml
  408. Evolver.fm
    https://web.archive.org/web/20161202073932/http://evolver.fm/2012/06/21/david-lowery-might-be-right-about-some-things-but-hes-wrong-about-streaming-money-and-artists/
  409. Bloomberg.com
    https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-08-26/spotify-said-to-retaliate-against-artists-with-apple-exclusives
  410. Pitchfork
    https://pitchfork.com/news/spotify-removes-r-kelly-from-its-playlists/
  411. Pitchfork
    https://pitchfork.com/news/spotify-walks-back-controversial-hateful-conduct-policy/
  412. The Times
    https://www.thetimes.com/culture/music/article/spotify-hateful-conduct-axl-rose-r-kelly-jimmy-page-and-eminem-w890kwc3l
  413. Rolling Stone
    https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/spotify-global-cultures-initiative-892762/
  414. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/feb/02/streaming-spells-the-end-of-the-ownership-era-of-music-but-are-we-ready-to-let-go
  415. RouteNote Blog
    http://routenote.com/blog/spotify-and-streaming-services-are-breaking-cultural-music-on-a-worldwide-stage/
  416. The American Prospect
    https://prospect.org/api/content/b969aae6-89e3-11eb-a885-1244d5f7c7c6/
  417. Deadline
    https://deadline.com/2022/01/spotify-joe-rogan-doctors-open-letter-1234909702/
  418. Rolling Stone
    https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/covid-misinformation-joe-rogan-spotify-petition-1282240/
  419. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jan/26/spotify-neil-young-joe-rogan-covid-misinformation
  420. Variety
    https://variety.com/2022/music/news/joni-mitchell-spotify-removing-music-joe-rogan-1235166691/
  421. "Bruce Springsteen guitarist Nils Lofgren joins protest of Spotify over Covid misinformation"
    https://www.cnbc.com/2022/01/30/bruce-springsteen-guitarist-nils-lofgren-joins-spotify-boycott-.html
  422. The Verge
    https://www.theverge.com/2022/1/30/22909140/brene-brown-spotify-podcast-joe-rogan-controversy
  423. "David Crosby, Graham Nash and Stephen Stills ask to pull their content from Spotify"
    https://www.npr.org/2022/02/02/1077653424/crosby-stills-nash-young-spotify
  424. The Verge
    https://www.theverge.com/2022/1/30/22909432/spotify-covid-19-moderation-joe-rogan-vaccine-misinformation
  425. Forbes
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/conormurray/2025/12/01/spotify-wrapped-could-drop-this-week-as-fan-pressure-mounts-after-panned-2024-edition/
  426. "Musicians keep leaving Spotify in protest of CEO's defense investments"
    https://www.npr.org/2025/09/09/nx-s1-5522297/musicians-leaving-spotify-protest-hotline-tnt-king-gizzard-and-the-lizard-wizard
  427. honest-broker.com
    https://www.honest-broker.com/p/the-ugly-truth-about-spotify-is-finally
  428. Harper's Magazine
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  429. The Verge
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  430. Wired
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  431. https://x.com/RollingStone/status/1988386085022618105 }}
    https://x.com/RollingStone/status/1988386085022618105
  432. "Inappropriate advertising between podcast episodes"
    https://community.spotify.com/t5/Podcast-Discussion/Inappropriate-advertising-between-podcast-episodes/td-p/7153091
  433. Newsweek
    https://www.newsweek.com/users-vow-to-boycott-spotify-after-streamer-runs-ice-recruitment-ad-10878788
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