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Songkran (Thailand)

Updated: Wikipedia source

Songkran (Thailand)

Thai New Year or Songkran (Thai: เทศกาลสงกรานต์, pronounced [tʰêːt.sā.kāːn sǒŋ.krāːn]), also known as Songkran Festival or Songkran Splendours, is the Thai New Year's national holiday. Songkran is on 13 April every year, but the holiday period extends from 14 to 15 April. In 2018 the Thai cabinet extended the festival nationwide to seven days, 9–16 April, to enable citizens to travel home for the holiday. In 2019, the holiday was observed from 9–16 April as 13 April fell on a Saturday. In 2024, Songkran was extended to span nearly the entire month, running from April 1 to April 21, instead of the traditional three-day celebration. The festival aligns with the New Year observed in many Southeast and South Asian cultures, following the Theravada Buddhist calendar, and coincides with Hindu calendar celebrations such as Bihu, Pohela Boishakh, Pana Sankranti, Tamil Puthandu, Vishu, Vaisakhi. The New Year also takes place at around the same time as the New Year celebrations of many regions of South Asia like China (Dai people of Yunnan Province), India, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. In Thailand, New Year is now officially celebrated 1 January. Songkran was the official New Year until 1888, when it was switched to a fixed date of 1 April. In 1940, the date was shifted to 1 January. The traditional Thai New Year Songkran became a national holiday. Celebrations are famous for the public water fights framed as ritual cleansing. This has become quite popular among Thais and foreigners.

Infobox

Official name
Songkran Festival
Observed by
Thailand
Begins
13 April
Ends
15 April
Date
April 13
Frequency
Annual
Related to
South and Southeast Asian solar New Year
Duration
3 days

Tables

Maha Songkran and Thaloengsok table
2020
2020
Year
2020
Chinese zodiac
Rat
Maha SongkranSongkran starts
13 April 2020 21:27:00
ThaloengsokSongkran ends
16 April 2020 01:24:36
2021
2021
Year
2021
Chinese zodiac
Ox
Maha SongkranSongkran starts
14 April 2021 03:39:36
ThaloengsokSongkran ends
16 April 2021 07:37:12
2022
2022
Year
2022
Chinese zodiac
Tiger
Maha SongkranSongkran starts
14 April 2022 09:52:12
ThaloengsokSongkran ends
16 April 2022 13:49:48
2023
2023
Year
2023
Chinese zodiac
Rabbit
Maha SongkranSongkran starts
14 April 2023 16:04:48
ThaloengsokSongkran ends
16 April 2023 20:02:24
2024
2024
Year
2024
Chinese zodiac
Dragon
Maha SongkranSongkran starts
13 April 2024 22:17:24
ThaloengsokSongkran ends
16 April 2024 02:15:00
2025
2025
Year
2025
Chinese zodiac
Snake
Maha SongkranSongkran starts
14 April 2025 04:30:00
ThaloengsokSongkran ends
16 April 2025 08:27:36
2026
2026
Year
2026
Chinese zodiac
Horse
Maha SongkranSongkran starts
14 April 2026 10:42:36
ThaloengsokSongkran ends
16 April 2026 14:40:12
2027
2027
Year
2027
Chinese zodiac
Goat
Maha SongkranSongkran starts
14 April 2027 16:55:12
ThaloengsokSongkran ends
16 April 2027 20:52:48
2028
2028
Year
2028
Chinese zodiac
Monkey
Maha SongkranSongkran starts
13 April 2028 23:07:48
ThaloengsokSongkran ends
16 April 2028 03:05:24
2029
2029
Year
2029
Chinese zodiac
Rooster
Maha SongkranSongkran starts
14 April 2029 05:20:24
ThaloengsokSongkran ends
16 April 2029 09:18:00
2030
2030
Year
2030
Chinese zodiac
Dog
Maha SongkranSongkran starts
14 April 2030 11:33:00
ThaloengsokSongkran ends
16 April 2030 15:30:36
Year
Chinese zodiac
Maha SongkranSongkran starts
ThaloengsokSongkran ends
2020
Rat
13 April 2020 21:27:00
16 April 2020 01:24:36
2021
Ox
14 April 2021 03:39:36
16 April 2021 07:37:12
2022
Tiger
14 April 2022 09:52:12
16 April 2022 13:49:48
2023
Rabbit
14 April 2023 16:04:48
16 April 2023 20:02:24
2024
Dragon
13 April 2024 22:17:24
16 April 2024 02:15:00
2025
Snake
14 April 2025 04:30:00
16 April 2025 08:27:36
2026
Horse
14 April 2026 10:42:36
16 April 2026 14:40:12
2027
Goat
14 April 2027 16:55:12
16 April 2027 20:52:48
2028
Monkey
13 April 2028 23:07:48
16 April 2028 03:05:24
2029
Rooster
14 April 2029 05:20:24
16 April 2029 09:18:00
2030
Dog
14 April 2030 11:33:00
16 April 2030 15:30:36
· Origin and myths
Dungsha Devi/Thungsa Thewi
Dungsha Devi/Thungsa Thewi
Day of Week and corresponding colour
mw- .mw- .mw- Sunday
Name
Dungsha Devi/Thungsa Thewi
Flower
Pomegranate flowers
Jewellery stone
Ruby
Food
Fig
Right hand
Discus
Left hand
Conch
Conveyance
Garuda
Gōrāgha Devi/Khorakha Thewi
Gōrāgha Devi/Khorakha Thewi
Day of Week and corresponding colour
Monday
Name
Gōrāgha Devi/Khorakha Thewi
Flower
Cork tree flowers
Jewellery stone
Moonstone
Food
Oil
Right hand
Sword
Left hand
Staff
Conveyance
Tiger
Rākshasa Devi/Raksot Thewi
Rākshasa Devi/Raksot Thewi
Day of Week and corresponding colour
Tuesday
Name
Rākshasa Devi/Raksot Thewi
Flower
Lotus flower
Jewellery stone
Agate
Food
Blood
Right hand
Trident
Left hand
Bow
Conveyance
Pig
Maṇdā Devi/Mantha Thewi
Maṇdā Devi/Mantha Thewi
Day of Week and corresponding colour
Wednesday
Name
Maṇdā Devi/Mantha Thewi
Flower
Champak flowers
Jewellery stone
Cat's eye
Food
Butter
Right hand
Stylus
Left hand
Staff
Conveyance
Donkey
Kiriṇī Devi/Kirini Thewi
Kiriṇī Devi/Kirini Thewi
Day of Week and corresponding colour
Thursday
Name
Kiriṇī Devi/Kirini Thewi
Flower
Magnolia
Jewellery stone
Emerald
Food
Nuts and sesame seeds
Right hand
Hook
Left hand
Bow
Conveyance
Elephant
Kimidā Devi/Kimitha Thewi
Kimidā Devi/Kimitha Thewi
Day of Week and corresponding colour
Friday
Name
Kimidā Devi/Kimitha Thewi
Flower
Water lilies
Jewellery stone
Topaz
Food
Banana
Right hand
Sword
Left hand
Lute
Conveyance
Buffalo
Mahodharā Devi/Mahothon Thewi
Mahodharā Devi/Mahothon Thewi
Day of Week and corresponding colour
Saturday
Name
Mahodharā Devi/Mahothon Thewi
Flower
Water hyacinth flowers
Jewellery stone
Blue sapphire
Food
Hog deer meat
Right hand
Discus
Left hand
Trident
Conveyance
Peacock
Day of Week and corresponding colour
Name
Flower
Jewellery stone
Food
Right hand
Left hand
Conveyance
mw- .mw- Sunday
Dungsha Devi/Thungsa Thewi
Pomegranate flowers
Ruby
Fig
Discus
Conch
Garuda
Monday
Gōrāgha Devi/Khorakha Thewi
Cork tree flowers
Moonstone
Oil
Sword
Staff
Tiger
Tuesday
Rākshasa Devi/Raksot Thewi
Lotus flower
Agate
Blood
Trident
Bow
Pig
Wednesday
Maṇdā Devi/Mantha Thewi
Champak flowers
Cat's eye
Butter
Stylus
Staff
Donkey
Thursday
Kiriṇī Devi/Kirini Thewi
Magnolia
Emerald
Nuts and sesame seeds
Hook
Bow
Elephant
Friday
Kimidā Devi/Kimitha Thewi
Water lilies
Topaz
Banana
Sword
Lute
Buffalo
Saturday
Mahodharā Devi/Mahothon Thewi
Water hyacinth flowers
Blue sapphire
Hog deer meat
Discus
Trident
Peacock
· Controversies › Roadway fatalities
11–17 Apr 2018
11–17 Apr 2018
Date
11–17 Apr 2018
Accidents
3,724
Deaths
418
Injuries
3,987
2017
2017
Date
2017
Accidents
3,690
Deaths
335
Injuries
3,506
11–17 Apr 2016
11–17 Apr 2016
Date
11–17 Apr 2016
Accidents
3,447
Deaths
442
Injuries
3,656
2015
2015
Date
2015
Accidents
3,373
Deaths
364
Injuries
3,559
11–17 Apr 2014
11–17 Apr 2014
Date
11–17 Apr 2014
Accidents
2,992
Deaths
322
Injuries
3,225
Date
Accidents
Deaths
Injuries
Source
11–17 Apr 2018
3,724
418
3,987
2017
3,690
335
3,506
11–17 Apr 2016
3,447
442
3,656
2015
3,373
364
3,559
11–17 Apr 2014
2,992
322
3,225

References

  1. The cabinet later fixed this issue by shifting the holiday by one day to 13–15 April, which is still in use today.
  2. In 1896, for example, the ceremony started on 12 April. According to Suriyayart, the sun entered Aries at 19:30 on 12 Ap
  3. "Translation of the Surya Siddhanta"
    http://www.wilbourhall.org/pdfs/suryaEnglish.pdf
  4. Julian year lasts 292,200 kammajas on average
  5. De Siamiten vieren den ecrſtcn en vyſtienden dag der maand, zynde de dagen der nieuwe en volle maan. Sommige gaan ook op
  6. อนึ่งเมื่อครั้ง (แผ่นดิน) สมเด็จพระพุทธเจ้าหลวงในพระบรมโกศนั้น ครั้นวันขึ้นปีใหม่โหรถวายฤกษ์เป็นวันมหาสงกรานต์ เจ้าพนักง
  7. Ils ont en outre, durant le cours de l'année, plusieurs jours de fêtes civiles ou religieuses, qu'ils célèbrent avec gra
  8. Ach Vidyagama (George Bradley McFarland), Phra. (1944). "สงกรานต์", Thai-English Dictionary. CA, United States: Stanford
  9. Glen Lewis. (2007). "Thai tourism take 1: a land of diversity and refinement", Virtual Thailand The Media and Cultural P
  10. Anuman Rajadhon (Yong Sathirakoses), Phraya. (1956). Loy Krathong and Songkran Festival. Bangkok: National Culture Insti
  11. The Nation
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  26. For example, ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, ประกาศสงกรานต์ ร.ศ. ๑๑๐ พ.ศ.๒๔๓๔, เล่ม ๘, ๑๒ เมษายน ๒๔๓๔ (1891 Notification on Songkran)
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  27. ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, พระราชพิธีเผด็จศกสงกรานต์, เล่มที่ ๑๖, ๑๖ เมษายน ๒๔๔๒, หน้า ๓๕ (Songkran and cutting off the year cerem
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210628174424/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2442/003/41_2.PDF
  28. ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, กำหนดการพระราชพิธีสงกรานต์ พ.ศ.๒๔๙๒, ตอนที่ ๒๒, เล่ม ๖๖, ๑๒ เมษายน ๒๔๙๒ (Songkran royal ceremony schedu
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    http://www.wilbourhall.org/pdfs/suryaEnglish.pdf
  31. พระคัมภีร์สุริยยาตร์ศิวาคม
  32. เรื่องฤกษ์และการให้ฤกษ์ ดวงพิชัยสงคราม
  33. Chunpongtong, Loy (October 2012). "Discrepancies in Songkran Days: A Mathematical Research (ความคลาดเคลื่อนของวันสงกรานต์: ผลวิจัยเชิงคณิตศาสตร์)". 37 (4).
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    http://www.chiangmainews.co.th/page/archives/475110
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