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Sodomy laws in the United States

Updated: Wikipedia source

Sodomy laws in the United States

The early United States inherited sodomy laws which constitutionally outlawed a variety of sexual acts deemed illegal, illicit, unlawful, unnatural or immoral from the colonial-era based laws in the 17th century. While these laws often targeted sexual acts between persons of the same sex, many sodomy-related statutes employed definitions broad enough to outlaw certain sexual acts between persons of different sexes, in some cases even including acts between married persons. Through the mid to late 20th century, the gradual decriminalization of consensual sexual acts led to the elimination of anti-sodomy laws in most U.S. states. During this time, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of its sodomy laws in Bowers v. Hardwick in 1986. In 2003, the Supreme Court reversed that decision in Lawrence v. Texas, which invalidated any state sodomy laws, some of which were still law in the following 14 states: Alabama, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, Utah and Virginia.

Tables

· Sodomy laws by jurisdiction in the United States
Bestiality
Bestiality
Jurisdiction
Bestiality
Date statute struck down
Opposite-sex intercourse
Date statute repealed
Same-sex intercourse
Anal sex
Anal sex
Jurisdiction
Anal sex
Date statute struck down
Married intercourse
Date statute repealed
Oral sex
Covered by statute
Unmarried intercourse
Covered by statute
Anal sex
Covered by statute
Oral sex
Alabama
Alabama
Jurisdiction
Alabama
Date statute struck down
#2003(Lawrence v. Texas)
Date statute repealed
#2019
Covered by statute
Ala. Code 1975 § 13A-6-220 - 221
Covered by statute
Alaska
Alaska
Jurisdiction
Alaska
Date statute struck down
N/A
Date statute repealed
#1980(sodomy) 1971(crime against nature, unnatural carnal copulation by means of the mouth, or otherwise)
Covered by statute
A.S. 11.61.140
American Samoa
American Samoa
Jurisdiction
American Samoa
Date statute struck down
#1979
Date statute repealed
N/A
Arizona
Arizona
Jurisdiction
Arizona
Date statute struck down
#2001
Date statute repealed
A.R.S. § 13-1411
Covered by statute
Arkansas
Arkansas
Jurisdiction
Arkansas
Date statute struck down
#2002(Jegley v. Picado)
Date statute repealed
#2005 1975(law reinstated in 1977)
Covered by statute
A.C.A. § 5-14-122
California
California
Jurisdiction
California
Date statute struck down
#N/A
Date statute repealed
#1976
Covered by statute
Cal. Penal Code § 286.5
Colorado
Colorado
Jurisdiction
Colorado
Date statute struck down
#1972
Date statute repealed
C. R. S. A. § 18-9-202
Connecticut
Connecticut
Jurisdiction
Connecticut
Date statute struck down
#1971
Date statute repealed
C. G. S. A. § 53a-73a
Delaware
Delaware
Jurisdiction
Delaware
Date statute struck down
#1973
Date statute repealed
11 Del.C. § 775
District of Columbia
District of Columbia
Jurisdiction
District of Columbia
Date statute struck down
#1993
Date statute repealed
D.C. Code § 22–1012.01.
Florida
Florida
Jurisdiction
Florida
Date statute struck down
#2003(Lawrence v. Texas; unnatural and lascivious act) 1971(Franklin v. State; crimes against nature)
Date statute repealed
#1974(crimes against nature)
Covered by statute
West's F. S. A. 828.126
Covered by statute
West's F. S. A. 800.02
Georgia
Georgia
Jurisdiction
Georgia
Date statute struck down
#1998(Powell v. Georgia)
Date statute repealed
#N/A
Covered by statute
O.C.G.A. § 16-6-6
Covered by statute
O.C.G.A. § 16-6-2
Guam
Guam
Jurisdiction
Guam
Date statute struck down
#N/A
Date statute repealed
#1978
Covered by statute
9 GCA § 70.40.
Covered by statute
Hawaii
Hawaii
Jurisdiction
Hawaii
Date statute struck down
#1973
Date statute repealed
HRS § 711-1109.8
Idaho
Idaho
Jurisdiction
Idaho
Date statute struck down
#2003(Lawrence v. Texas)
Date statute repealed
#2022 1971(law reinstated in 1972)
Covered by statute
I.C. § 18-6602
Illinois
Illinois
Jurisdiction
Illinois
Date statute struck down
#N/A
Date statute repealed
#1962
Covered by statute
720 I.L.C.S. 5/12-35
Indiana
Indiana
Jurisdiction
Indiana
Date statute struck down
#1976
Date statute repealed
I.C. 35-46-3-14
Iowa
Iowa
Jurisdiction
Iowa
Date statute struck down
#1978
Date statute repealed
I.C.A. § 717C.1
Kansas
Kansas
Jurisdiction
Kansas
Date statute struck down
#2003(Lawrence v. Texas)
Date statute repealed
#1969(opposite-sex intercourse)
Covered by statute
K.S.A. 21-5504
Covered by statute
Covered by statute
K.S.A. 21-5504
Kentucky
Kentucky
Jurisdiction
Kentucky
Date statute struck down
#1992(Kentucky v. Wasson)
Date statute repealed
#1974(opposite-sex intercourse)
Covered by statute
KRS § 525.137
Covered by statute
KRS § 510.100
Louisiana
Louisiana
Jurisdiction
Louisiana
Date statute struck down
#2003(Lawrence v. Texas)
Date statute repealed
#N/A
Covered by statute
LSA-R.S. 14:89.3
Covered by statute
LSA-R.S. 14:89
Maine
Maine
Jurisdiction
Maine
Date statute struck down
#N/A
Date statute repealed
#1976
Covered by statute
17 M.R.S.A. § 1031
Covered by statute
Maryland
Maryland
Jurisdiction
Maryland
Date statute struck down
#1999(Williams v. Glendening; anal sex) 1998(Williams v. Glendening; opposite-sex oral sex and same-sex intercourse) 1990(Schochet v. State; opposite-sex intercourse)
Date statute repealed
#2023(unnatural and perverted sexual practice) 2020(sodomy)
Covered by statute
MD Code, Criminal Law, § 10-606.
Massachusetts
Massachusetts
Jurisdiction
Massachusetts
Date statute struck down
#1974(Commonwealth v. Balthazar)
Date statute repealed
#N/A
Covered by statute
M.G.L.A. 272 § 77 M.G.L.A. 272 § 34
Covered by statute
M.G.L.A. 272 § 34 M.G.L.A. 272 § 35
Michigan
Michigan
Jurisdiction
Michigan
Date statute struck down
#2003(Lawrence v. Texas) 1990(Michigan Organization forHuman Rights v. Kelley; applied directly to Wayne County; uncertain whether ruling was binding statewide; reversed in 1992 in People v. Brashier)
Date statute repealed
M.C.L.A. 750.158
Covered by statute
M.C.L.A. 750.158 M.C.L.A. 750.338 M.C.L.A. 750.338a M.C.L.A. 750.338b
Minnesota
Minnesota
Jurisdiction
Minnesota
Date statute struck down
#2001(Doe v. Ventura)
Date statute repealed
#2023
Covered by statute
M.S.A. § 609.294
Covered by statute
Mississippi
Mississippi
Jurisdiction
Mississippi
Date statute struck down
#2003(Lawrence v. Texas)
Date statute repealed
#N/A
Covered by statute
Miss. Code Ann. § 97-29-59
Missouri
Missouri
Jurisdiction
Missouri
Date statute struck down
#2003(Lawrence v. Texas; rest of the state outside of the Missouri Court of Appeals, Western District) 1999(State of Missouri v. Cogshell; Missouri Court of Appeals, Western District only)
Date statute repealed
#2006
Covered by statute
V.A.M.S. 566.111
Covered by statute
Montana
Montana
Jurisdiction
Montana
Date statute struck down
#1997(Gryczan v. State)
Date statute repealed
#2013(same-sex intercourse) 1974(opposite-sex intercourse)
Covered by statute
MCA 45-8-218
Nebraska
Nebraska
Jurisdiction
Nebraska
Date statute struck down
#N/A
Date statute repealed
#1978
Covered by statute
Neb. Rev. St. § 28-1010 Neb. Rev. St. 54-904
Nevada
Nevada
Jurisdiction
Nevada
Date statute struck down
#1993
Date statute repealed
N. R. S. 201.455
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
Jurisdiction
New Hampshire
Date statute struck down
#1975
Date statute repealed
N.H. Rev. Stat. § 644:8g
New Jersey
New Jersey
Jurisdiction
New Jersey
Date statute struck down
#1978
Date statute repealed
N. J. S. A. 4:22-17
New Mexico
New Mexico
Jurisdiction
New Mexico
Date statute struck down
#1975
Date statute repealed
NMSA § 30-9A-3
New York
New York
Jurisdiction
New York
Date statute struck down
#1980(New York v. Onofre; excluded the New York National Guard)
Date statute repealed
#2000
Covered by statute
McKinney's Penal Law § 130.20
North Carolina
North Carolina
Jurisdiction
North Carolina
Date statute struck down
#2003(Lawrence v. Texas)
Date statute repealed
#N/A
Covered by statute
N.C.G.S.A. § 14-177
Northern Mariana Islands
Northern Mariana Islands
Jurisdiction
Northern Mariana Islands
Date statute struck down
#N/A
Date statute repealed
#1983
Covered by statute
#N/A
North Dakota
North Dakota
Jurisdiction
North Dakota
Date statute struck down
#1973
Date statute repealed
NDCC, § 12.1-20-12
Covered by statute
Ohio
Ohio
Jurisdiction
Ohio
Date statute struck down
#1974
Date statute repealed
R.C. § 959.21
Oklahoma
Oklahoma
Jurisdiction
Oklahoma
Date statute struck down
#2003(Lawrence v. Texas; same-sex intercourse) 1988(Newsom v. State; opposite-sex intercourse)
Date statute repealed
#N/A
Covered by statute
21 Okl. St. Ann. § 886
Oregon
Oregon
Jurisdiction
Oregon
Date statute struck down
#N/A
Date statute repealed
#1972
Covered by statute
O. R. S. § 167.333
Covered by statute
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
Jurisdiction
Pennsylvania
Date statute struck down
#1980(Commonwealth v. Bonadio)
Date statute repealed
#2022(homosexuality) 1995(unmarried opposite-sex intercourse and same-sex intercourse) 1972(married opposite-sex intercourse)
Covered by statute
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3129
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Jurisdiction
Puerto Rico
Date statute struck down
#2003(Lawrence v. Texas)
Date statute repealed
#2006(opposite-sex anal sex and same-sex anal and oral sex) 1974(opposite-sex oral sex)
Covered by statute
P.R. Laws tit. 33, § 4773
Rhode Island
Rhode Island
Jurisdiction
Rhode Island
Date statute struck down
#N/A
Date statute repealed
#1998
Covered by statute
Gen.Laws 1956, § 11-10-1
South Carolina
South Carolina
Jurisdiction
South Carolina
Date statute struck down
#2003(Lawrence v. Texas)
Date statute repealed
#N/A
Covered by statute
Code 1976 § 16-15-120
Covered by statute
Covered by statute
Code 1976 § 16-15-120
Covered by statute
South Dakota
South Dakota
Jurisdiction
South Dakota
Date statute struck down
#N/A
Date statute repealed
#1977
Covered by statute
SDCL § 22-22-42
Covered by statute
Tennessee
Tennessee
Jurisdiction
Tennessee
Date statute struck down
#1996(Campbell v. Sundquist)
Date statute repealed
#1996(same-sex intercourse) 1989(opposite-sex intercourse)
Covered by statute
T. C. A. § 39-14-214
Texas
Texas
Jurisdiction
Texas
Date statute struck down
#2003(Lawrence v. Texas) 1970(Buchanan v. Batchelor; reversed in 1971 by the United States Supreme Court)
Date statute repealed
19891974(opposite-sex anal and oral sex)
Covered by statute
V. T. C. A., Penal Code § 21.09
Covered by statute
Covered by statute
V. T. C. A., Penal Code § 21.06
United States Armed Forces
United States Armed Forces
Jurisdiction
United States Armed Forces
Date statute struck down
#2003(Lawrence v. Texas)
Date statute repealed
#2013
Covered by statute
10 U.S. Code § 934 - Art. 134.
Covered by statute
United States of America
United States of America
Jurisdiction
United States of America
Date statute struck down
#N/A
Utah
Utah
Jurisdiction
Utah
Date statute struck down
#2003(Lawrence v. Texas)
Date statute repealed
#2019 1971(law reinstated in 1972)
Covered by statute
U.C.A. 1953 § 76-9-301.8
Covered by statute
Vermont
Vermont
Jurisdiction
Vermont
Date statute struck down
#N/A
Date statute repealed
#1977
Covered by statute
13 V.S.A. § 352
Virgin Islands of the United States
Virgin Islands of the United States
Jurisdiction
Virgin Islands of the United States
Date statute struck down
#1985
Date statute repealed
14 V.I.C. § 2062
Virginia
Virginia
Jurisdiction
Virginia
Date statute struck down
#2003(Lawrence v. Texas)
Date statute repealed
#2014(anal and oral sex) 2013(lewd and lascivious cohabitation)
Covered by statute
Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-361
Washington
Washington
Jurisdiction
Washington
Date statute struck down
#N/A
Date statute repealed
#1976
Covered by statute
West's RCWA 16.52.205
West Virginia
West Virginia
Jurisdiction
West Virginia
Date statute struck down
#1976
Date statute repealed
#N/A
Wisconsin
Wisconsin
Jurisdiction
Wisconsin
Date statute struck down
#1983
Date statute repealed
W.S.A. 944.18
Covered by statute
Wyoming
Wyoming
Jurisdiction
Wyoming
Date statute struck down
#1977
Date statute repealed
W.S.1977 § 6-4-601
Jurisdiction
Date statute struck down
Date statute repealed
Covered by statute
Bestiality
Opposite-sex intercourse
Same-sex intercourse
Anal sex
Married intercourse
Oral sex
Unmarried intercourse
Anal sex
Oral sex
Alabama
3(Lawrence v. Texas)
Ala. Code 1975 § 13A-6-220 - 221
Alaska
N/A
0(sodomy) 1971(crime against nature, unnatural carnal copulation by means of the mouth, or otherwise)
A.S. 11.61.140
American Samoa
N/A
Arizona
A.R.S. § 13-1411
Arkansas
2(Jegley v. Picado)
1975(law reinstated in 1977)
A.C.A. § 5-14-122
California
/A
Cal. Penal Code § 286.5
Colorado
C. R. S. A. § 18-9-202
Connecticut
C. G. S. A. § 53a-73a
Delaware
11 Del.C. § 775
District of Columbia
Code § 22–1012.01.
Florida
3(Lawrence v. Texas; unnatural and lascivious act) 1971(Franklin v. State; crimes against nature)
4(crimes against nature)
West's F. S. A. 828.126
West's F. S. A. 800.02
Georgia
8(Powell v. Georgia)
/A
O.C.G.A. § 16-6-6
O.C.G.A. § 16-6-2
Guam
/A
9 GCA § 70.40.
Hawaii
HRS § 711-1109.8
Idaho
3(Lawrence v. Texas)
1971(law reinstated in 1972)
I.C. § 18-6602
Illinois
/A
720 I.L.C.S. 5/12-35
Indiana
I.C. 35-46-3-14
Iowa
I.C.A. § 717C.1
Kansas
3(Lawrence v. Texas)
9(opposite-sex intercourse)
K.S.A. 21-5504
K.S.A. 21-5504
Kentucky
2(Kentucky v. Wasson)
4(opposite-sex intercourse)
KRS § 525.137
KRS § 510.100
Louisiana
3(Lawrence v. Texas)
/A
LSA-R.S. 14:89.3
LSA-R.S. 14:89
Maine
/A
17 M.R.S.A. § 1031
Maryland
9(Williams v. Glendening; anal sex) 1998(Williams v. Glendening; opposite-sex oral sex and same-sex intercourse) 1990(Schochet v. State; opposite-sex intercourse)
3(unnatural and perverted sexual practice) 2020(sodomy)
MD Code, Criminal Law, § 10-606.
Massachusetts
4(Commonwealth v. Balthazar)
/A
M.G.L.A. 272 § 77 M.G.L.A. 272 § 34
M.G.L.A. 272 § 34 M.G.L.A. 272 § 35
Michigan
3(Lawrence v. Texas) 1990(Michigan Organization forHuman Rights v. Kelley; applied directly to Wayne County; uncertain whether ruling was binding statewide; reversed in 1992 in People v. Brashier)
M.C.L.A. 750.158
M.C.L.A. 750.158 M.C.L.A. 750.338 M.C.L.A. 750.338a M.C.L.A. 750.338b
Minnesota
1(Doe v. Ventura)
M.S.A. § 609.294
Mississippi
3(Lawrence v. Texas)
/A
Miss. Code Ann. § 97-29-59
Missouri
3(Lawrence v. Texas; rest of the state outside of the Missouri Court of Appeals, Western District) 1999(State of Missouri v. Cogshell; Missouri Court of Appeals, Western District only)
V.A.M.S. 566.111
Montana
7(Gryczan v. State)
3(same-sex intercourse) 1974(opposite-sex intercourse)
MCA 45-8-218
Nebraska
/A
Neb. Rev. St. § 28-1010 Neb. Rev. St. 54-904
Nevada
N. R. S. 201.455
New Hampshire
Rev. Stat. § 644:8g
New Jersey
N. J. S. A. 4:22-17
New Mexico
NMSA § 30-9A-3
New York
0(New York v. Onofre; excluded the New York National Guard)
McKinney's Penal Law § 130.20
North Carolina
3(Lawrence v. Texas)
/A
N.C.G.S.A. § 14-177
Northern Mariana Islands
/A
/A
North Dakota
NDCC, § 12.1-20-12
Ohio
R.C. § 959.21
Oklahoma
3(Lawrence v. Texas; same-sex intercourse) 1988(Newsom v. State; opposite-sex intercourse)
/A
21 Okl. St. Ann. § 886
Oregon
/A
O. R. S. § 167.333
Pennsylvania
0(Commonwealth v. Bonadio)
2(homosexuality) 1995(unmarried opposite-sex intercourse and same-sex intercourse) 1972(married opposite-sex intercourse)
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3129
Puerto Rico
3(Lawrence v. Texas)
6(opposite-sex anal sex and same-sex anal and oral sex) 1974(opposite-sex oral sex)
Laws tit. 33, § 4773
Rhode Island
/A
Gen.Laws 1956, § 11-10-1
South Carolina
3(Lawrence v. Texas)
/A
Code 1976 § 16-15-120
Code 1976 § 16-15-120
South Dakota
/A
SDCL § 22-22-42
Tennessee
6(Campbell v. Sundquist)
6(same-sex intercourse) 1989(opposite-sex intercourse)
T. C. A. § 39-14-214

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