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Social Democratic Party (Portugal)

Updated: Wikipedia source

Social Democratic Party (Portugal)

The Social Democratic Party (Portuguese: Partido Social Democrata [pɐɾˈtiðu susiˈal dɨmuˈkɾatɐ], PSD) is a liberal-conservative political party in Portugal that is currently the country's ruling party. Commonly known by its colloquial initials PSD, on ballot papers its initials appear as its official form PPD/PSD, with the first three letters coming from the party's original name, the Democratic People's Party (Partido Popular Democrático, PPD). A party of the centre-right, the PSD is one of the three major parties in Portuguese politics, its rivals being the Socialist Party (PS) on the centre-left and the far-right Chega (CH) party. The PSD was founded in 1974, two weeks after the Carnation Revolution. In 1976, the party adopted its current name. In 1979, the PSD allied with centre-right parties to form the Democratic Alliance and won that year's election. One year later, the party's founder and then Prime Minister, Francisco Sá Carneiro died in a plane crash. After the 1983 general election, the party formed a grand coalition with the Socialist Party, known as the Central Bloc, before winning the 1985 general election under new leader Aníbal Cavaco Silva, who shifted the party to the right. Cavaco Silva served as Prime Minister for ten years, instituting major economic liberalisation and winning two landslide victories. After he stepped down, the PSD lost the 1995 election. The party was returned to power under José Manuel Durão Barroso in 2002, but was defeated in the 2005 election. The party was able to return to power after the 2011 elections and four years later was able to win a plurality in the 2015 legislative election, winning 107 seats in the Assembly of the Republic in alliance with the CDS – People's Party, but being unable to form a minority government and went back to the opposition. Nine years later, in 2024, the party returned to power as a minority government, under a rebranded Democratic Alliance coalition, alongside CDS–PP and the People's Monarchist Party (PPM), a mandate that was renewed in May 2025. The party elected its current leader, Luís Montenegro, on 28 May 2022. Since the 2024 election, Montenegro has been the incumbent Prime Minister of Portugal. Originally a social democratic party, the PSD became the main centre-right, conservative party in Portugal. The PSD is a member of the European People's Party and the Centrist Democrat International. Until 1996, the PSD belonged to the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party and Liberal International. The party publishes the weekly Povo Livre (Free People) newspaper.

Infobox

Abbreviation
PPD/PSD
President
Luís Montenegro
Secretary-General
Hugo Soares
Founder
Francisco Sá Carneiro
Founded
6 May 1974; 51 years ago (1974-05-06)
Legalized
17 January 1975; 50 years ago (1975-01-17)
Headquarters
Rua de S. Caetano à Lapa, 9, 1249-087 Lisboa
Newspaper
Povo Livre
Youth wing
Social Democratic Youth
Women's wing
Social Democratic Women
Workers wing
Social Democratic Workers
Membership (2025)
91,500
Ideology
mw- Liberal conservatismChristian democracyPro-Europeanism
Political position
Centre-right
National affiliation
Democratic Alliance (since 2024)AP/PàF (2014–2015)AD (1979–1983)
European affiliation
European People's Party
European Parliament group
European People's Party Group
International affiliation
Centrist Democrat InternationalInternational Democrat Union (formerly)
Colours
mw- Orange
Anthem
"Paz, Pão, Povo e Liberdade""Peace, Bread, People and Freedom"
Assembly of the Republic
89 / 230
EuropeanParliament
6 / 21
Regionalparliaments
46 / 104
Local government(Mayors)
136 / 308
Local government(Parishes)
1,445 / 3,216

Tables

· Election results › Assembly of the Republic
1975
1975
Election
1975
Leader
Francisco Sá Carneiro
Votes
1,507,282
%
26.4 (#2)
Seats
81 / 250
Government
Constituent assembly
1976
1976
Election
1976
Leader
1,335,381
Votes
24.4 (#2)
%
73 / 263
Seats
8
+/-
Opposition
1979
1979
Election
1979
Leader
Democratic Alliance
Votes
80 / 250
%
7
Seats
Coalition
1980
1980
Election
1980
Leader
82 / 250
Votes
2
%
Coalition
1983
1983
Election
1983
Leader
Carlos Mota Pinto
Votes
1,554,804
%
27.2 (#2)
Seats
75 / 250
+/-
7
Government
Coalition
1985
1985
Election
1985
Leader
Aníbal Cavaco Silva
Votes
1,732,288
%
29.9 (#1)
Seats
88 / 250
+/-
13
Government
Minority
1987
1987
Election
1987
Leader
2,850,784
Votes
50.2 (#1)
%
148 / 250
Seats
60
+/-
Majority
1991
1991
Election
1991
Leader
2,902,351
Votes
50.6 (#1)
%
135 / 230
Seats
13
+/-
Majority
1995
1995
Election
1995
Leader
Fernando Nogueira
Votes
2,014,589
%
34.1 (#2)
Seats
88 / 230
+/-
47
Government
Opposition
1999
1999
Election
1999
Leader
José Manuel Durão Barroso
Votes
1,750,158
%
32.3 (#2)
Seats
81 / 230
+/-
7
Government
Opposition
2002
2002
Election
2002
Leader
2,200,765
Votes
40.2 (#1)
%
105 / 230
Seats
24
+/-
Coalition
2005
2005
Election
2005
Leader
Pedro Santana Lopes
Votes
1,653,425
%
28.8 (#2)
Seats
71 / 230
+/-
34
Government
Opposition
2009
2009
Election
2009
Leader
Manuela Ferreira Leite
Votes
1,653,665
%
29.1 (#2)
Seats
81 / 230
+/-
10
Government
Opposition
2011
2011
Election
2011
Leader
Pedro Passos Coelho
Votes
2,159,181
%
38.7 (#1)
Seats
108 / 230
+/-
27
Government
Coalition
2015
2015
Election
2015
Leader
Portugal Ahead
Votes
89 / 230
%
19
Seats
Coalition
Opposition
Opposition
Election
Opposition
2019
2019
Election
2019
Leader
Rui Rio
Votes
1,454,283
%
27.8 (#2)
Seats
79 / 230
+/-
10
Government
Opposition
2022
2022
Election
2022
Leader
1,618,381
Votes
29.1 (#2)
%
77 / 230
Seats
2
+/-
Opposition
2024
2024
Election
2024
Leader
Luís Montenegro
Votes
Democratic Alliance
%
78 / 230
Seats
1
+/-
Coalition
2025
2025
Election
2025
Leader
89 / 230
Votes
11
%
Coalition
Election
Leader
Votes
%
Seats
+/-
Government
1975
Francisco Sá Carneiro
1,507,282
26.4 (#2)
81 / 250
Constituent assembly
1976
1,335,381
24.4 (#2)
73 / 263
8
Opposition
1979
Democratic Alliance
80 / 250
7
Coalition
1980
82 / 250
2
Coalition
1983
Carlos Mota Pinto
1,554,804
27.2 (#2)
75 / 250
7
Coalition
1985
Aníbal Cavaco Silva
1,732,288
29.9 (#1)
88 / 250
13
Minority
1987
2,850,784
50.2 (#1)
148 / 250
60
Majority
1991
2,902,351
50.6 (#1)
135 / 230
13
Majority
1995
Fernando Nogueira
2,014,589
34.1 (#2)
88 / 230
47
Opposition
1999
José Manuel Durão Barroso
1,750,158
32.3 (#2)
81 / 230
7
Opposition
2002
2,200,765
40.2 (#1)
105 / 230
24
Coalition
2005
Pedro Santana Lopes
1,653,425
28.8 (#2)
71 / 230
34
Opposition
2009
Manuela Ferreira Leite
1,653,665
29.1 (#2)
81 / 230
10
Opposition
2011
Pedro Passos Coelho
2,159,181
38.7 (#1)
108 / 230
27
Coalition
2015
Portugal Ahead
89 / 230
19
Coalition
Opposition
2019
Rui Rio
1,454,283
27.8 (#2)
79 / 230
10
Opposition
2022
1,618,381
29.1 (#2)
77 / 230
2
Opposition
2024
Luís Montenegro
Democratic Alliance
78 / 230
1
Coalition
2025
89 / 230
11
Coalition
· Election results › Presidential
Votes
Votes
Election
Votes
Candidate
%
First round
Votes
First round
%
1976
1976
Election
1976
Candidate
Supported António Ramalho Eanes
First round
Won Y
1980
1980
Election
1980
Candidate
António Soares Carneiro
First round
2,325,481
First round
40.2 (#2)
Second round
Lost N
1986
1986
Election
1986
Candidate
Supported Diogo Freitas do Amaral
First round
Lost N
1991
1991
Election
1991
Candidate
Supported Mário Soares
First round
Won Y
1996
1996
Election
1996
Candidate
Aníbal Cavaco Silva
First round
2,595,131
First round
46.1 (#2)
Second round
Lost N
2001
2001
Election
2001
Candidate
Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral
First round
1,498,948
First round
34.7 (#2)
Second round
Lost N
2006
2006
Election
2006
Candidate
Aníbal Cavaco Silva
First round
2,773,431
First round
50.5 (#1)
Second round
Won Y
2011
2011
Election
2011
Candidate
2,231,956
First round
53.0 (#1)
Second round
Won Y
2016
2016
Election
2016
Candidate
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
First round
2,413,956
First round
52.0 (#1)
Second round
Won Y
2021
2021
Election
2021
Candidate
2,531,692
First round
60.7 (#1)
Second round
Won Y
2026
2026
Election
2026
Candidate
Luís Marques Mendes
First round
TBD
First round
TBD
Second round
TBD
Second round
TBD
Result
TBD
Election
Candidate
First round
Second round
Result
Votes
%
Votes
%
1976
Supported António Ramalho Eanes
Won Y
1980
António Soares Carneiro
2,325,481
40.2 (#2)
Lost N
1986
Supported Diogo Freitas do Amaral
Lost N
1991
Supported Mário Soares
Won Y
1996
Aníbal Cavaco Silva
2,595,131
46.1 (#2)
Lost N
2001
Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral
1,498,948
34.7 (#2)
Lost N
2006
Aníbal Cavaco Silva
2,773,431
50.5 (#1)
Won Y
2011
2,231,956
53.0 (#1)
Won Y
2016
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
2,413,956
52.0 (#1)
Won Y
2021
2,531,692
60.7 (#1)
Won Y
2026
Luís Marques Mendes
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
· Election results › European Parliament
1987
1987
Election
1987
Leader
Pedro Santana Lopes
Votes
2,111,828
%
37.5 (#1)
Seats
10 / 24
EP Group
LDR
1989
1989
Election
1989
Leader
António Capucho
Votes
1,358,958
%
32.8 (#1)
Seats
9 / 24
+/-
1
1994
1994
Election
1994
Leader
Eurico de Melo
Votes
1,046,918
%
34.4 (#2)
Seats
9 / 25
+/-
0
EP Group
EPP
1999
1999
Election
1999
Leader
José Pacheco Pereira
Votes
1,078,528
%
31.1 (#2)
Seats
9 / 25
+/-
0
EP Group
EPP-ED
2004
2004
Election
2004
Leader
João de Deus Pinheiro
Votes
Forward Portugal
%
7 / 24
Seats
2
2009
2009
Election
2009
Leader
Paulo Rangel
Votes
1,131,744
%
31.7 (#1)
Seats
8 / 22
+/-
1
EP Group
EPP
2014
2014
Election
2014
Leader
Portugal Alliance
Votes
6 / 21
%
2
2019
2019
Election
2019
Leader
725,399
Votes
21.9 (#2)
%
6 / 21
Seats
0
2024
2024
Election
2024
Leader
Sebastião Bugalho
Votes
Democratic Alliance
%
6 / 21
Seats
0
Election
Leader
Votes
%
Seats
+/-
EP Group
1987
Pedro Santana Lopes
2,111,828
37.5 (#1)
10 / 24
LDR
1989
António Capucho
1,358,958
32.8 (#1)
9 / 24
1
1994
Eurico de Melo
1,046,918
34.4 (#2)
9 / 25
0
EPP
1999
José Pacheco Pereira
1,078,528
31.1 (#2)
9 / 25
0
EPP-ED
2004
João de Deus Pinheiro
Forward Portugal
7 / 24
2
2009
Paulo Rangel
1,131,744
31.7 (#1)
8 / 22
1
EPP
2014
Portugal Alliance
6 / 21
2
2019
725,399
21.9 (#2)
6 / 21
0
2024
Sebastião Bugalho
Democratic Alliance
6 / 21
0
· Election results › Regional Assemblies
Azores
Azores
Region
Azores
Election
2024
Leader
José Manuel Bolieiro
Votes
PSD/CDS/PPM
%
23 / 57
Seats
2
+/-
Coalition
Madeira
Madeira
Region
Madeira
Election
2025
Leader
Miguel Albuquerque
Votes
62,059
%
43.4 (#1)
Seats
23 / 47
+/-
4
Government
Coalition
Region
Election
Leader
Votes
%
Seats
+/-
Government
Azores
2024
José Manuel Bolieiro
PSD/CDS/PPM
23 / 57
2
Coalition
Madeira
2025
Miguel Albuquerque
62,059
43.4 (#1)
23 / 47
4
Coalition
· Organization › Party leaders › List of leaders
1st
1st
Col 1
1st
Leader
Francisco Sá Carneiro
From
24 November 1974
To
25 May 1975
2nd
2nd
Col 1
2nd
Leader
Emídio Guerreiro
From
25 May 1975
To
28 September 1975
Col 1
Leader
Francisco Sá Carneiro (2nd time)
From
28 September 1975
To
11 November 1977
3rd
3rd
Col 1
3rd
Leader
António de Sousa Franco
From
11 November 1977
To
15 April 1978
4th
4th
Col 1
4th
Leader
José Menéres Pimentel
From
15 April 1978
To
2 July 1978
Col 1
Leader
Francisco Sá Carneiro (3rd time)
From
2 July 1978
To
4 December 1980
5th
5th
Col 1
5th
Leader
Francisco Pinto Balsemão
From
13 December 1980
To
27 February 1983
6th
6th
Col 1
6th
Leader
Nuno Rodrigues dos Santos
From
27 February 1983
To
25 March 1984
7th
7th
Col 1
7th
Leader
Carlos Mota Pinto
From
25 March 1984
To
10 February 1985
8th
8th
Col 1
8th
Leader
Rui Machete
From
10 February 1985
To
19 May 1985
9th
9th
Col 1
9th
Leader
Aníbal Cavaco Silva
From
19 May 1985
To
19 February 1995
10th
10th
Col 1
10th
Leader
Fernando Nogueira
From
19 February 1995
To
31 March 1996
11th
11th
Col 1
11th
Leader
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
From
31 March 1996
To
1 May 1999
12th
12th
Col 1
12th
Leader
José Manuel Durão Barroso
From
2 May 1999
To
30 June 2004
13th
13th
Col 1
13th
Leader
Pedro Santana Lopes
From
30 June 2004
To
10 April 2005
14th
14th
Col 1
14th
Leader
Luís Marques Mendes
From
8 April 2005
To
12 October 2007
15th
15th
Col 1
15th
Leader
Luís Filipe Menezes
From
12 October 2007
To
20 June 2008
16th
16th
Col 1
16th
Leader
Manuela Ferreira Leite
From
20 June 2008
To
9 April 2010
17th
17th
Col 1
17th
Leader
Pedro Passos Coelho
From
9 April 2010
To
16 February 2018
18th
18th
Col 1
18th
Leader
Rui Rio
From
16 February 2018
To
1 July 2022
19th
19th
Col 1
19th
Leader
Luís Montenegro
From
1 July 2022
To
Incumbent
Leader
From
To
1st
Francisco Sá Carneiro
24 November 1974
25 May 1975
2nd
Emídio Guerreiro
25 May 1975
28 September 1975
Francisco Sá Carneiro (2nd time)
28 September 1975
11 November 1977
3rd
António de Sousa Franco
11 November 1977
15 April 1978
4th
José Menéres Pimentel
15 April 1978
2 July 1978
Francisco Sá Carneiro (3rd time)
2 July 1978
4 December 1980
5th
Francisco Pinto Balsemão
13 December 1980
27 February 1983
6th
Nuno Rodrigues dos Santos
27 February 1983
25 March 1984
7th
Carlos Mota Pinto
25 March 1984
10 February 1985
8th
Rui Machete
10 February 1985
19 May 1985
9th
Aníbal Cavaco Silva
19 May 1985
19 February 1995
10th
Fernando Nogueira
19 February 1995
31 March 1996
11th
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
31 March 1996
1 May 1999
12th
José Manuel Durão Barroso
2 May 1999
30 June 2004
13th
Pedro Santana Lopes
30 June 2004
10 April 2005
14th
Luís Marques Mendes
8 April 2005
12 October 2007
15th
Luís Filipe Menezes
12 October 2007
20 June 2008
16th
Manuela Ferreira Leite
20 June 2008
9 April 2010
17th
Pedro Passos Coelho
9 April 2010
16 February 2018
18th
Rui Rio
16 February 2018
1 July 2022
19th
Luís Montenegro
1 July 2022
Incumbent

References

  1. Central Bloc government (PS-PSD).
  2. Confidence & supply gov't: PSD ⇐ (CDS–PRD).
  3. Coalition government (PSD-CDS–PP).
  4. Coalition government (PSD-CDS–PP).
  5. Minority government (2015); Opposition (2015–2019).
  6. Minority Coalition government (PSD-CDS–PP).
  7. Minority coalition government PSD-CDS–PP-PPM
  8. Coalition government (PSD-CDS–PP).
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  37. "Carlos Moedas eleito presidente da Câmara de Lisboa. "Ganhámos contra tudo e contra todos!" ", Público, 27 September 20
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  38. "É o primeiro chumbo em democracia. Orçamento para 2022 não passa na Assembleia da República", Eco, 27 October 2021. Ret
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  39. "PS vence pela primeira vez em todos os distritos do continente", Renascença, 31 January 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
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  40. "Rio apela a marcação de diretas no PSD "com serenidade"", Eco, 19 February 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
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  41. Novo Semanário
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  44. Eco
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  45. Expresso
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  51. As Direitas na Democracia Portuguesa
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  54. "Ideologia do PSD: entre Nacionalistas Croatas e Camponeses da Lituânia"
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  55. "O PSD no seu labirinto, A Mão Invisível"
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  56. "O partido da esquerda democrática"
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  57. "Luís Filipe Menezes: "Tenho capacidade para penetrar em sectores que tradicionalmente não votam PSD""
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  58. PSD assume-se como partido liberal: só falta ser coerente e mudar o nome Archived 20 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine, 3
    https://camaradecomuns.blogs.sapo.pt/1666132.html
  59. Povo Livre, first issue
  60. "Opções Inadiáveis"
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  61. "Associação Social Democrata Independente"
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  62. "Movimento Social Democrata"
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  63. "Pedro Lains: As duas Europas"
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  64. Partido Popular Democrático Partido Social Democrático. «uma ala rural, liderada por Sá carneiro (sic), e uma ala urbana
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  65. the only exception of a self proclaimed "Party of the Portuguese Right" (until 1979) the Movement for the Independence a
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  66. As ameaças ao modelo social europeu vs. a incapacidade dos partidos liberais venceram eleições: o dilema do PSD (portugu
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  67. "Partido Liberal 1974"
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  68. "Sociais Democratas & Liberais: o PSD impossível"
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  69. "Liberais vs. conservadores"
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  71. "O PSD e o Futuro, 2008-04-28 – Mário Duarte"
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  73. Afinal como é que é?, 29 January 2010, last comment
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  74. Folha laranja, Juventude Social Democrata Archived 13 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Alges
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  76. "Ppd Vs Psd"
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  77. Paulo Rangel. "Não se deve excluir uma maioria absoluta do PSD", Maria João Avillez, 13 March 2010, i newspaper
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  78. compare with Santana Lopes' description of his recruiting in Lisbon University by Sá Carneiro on late night talk show 5
  79. "Menezes candidato para fazer renovação, 23 FEV 05"
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  80. "O jogral dos tempos que correm"
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  81. "renas e veados: Alinhamentos neo-conservadores"
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  82. "Vanunu"
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  83. "Manifesto Nem Pacheco, Nem Soares"
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  84. "A tradução de Pacheco Pereira do discurso suicida de Cavaco"
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  85. "As ameaças ao modelo social europeu vs. a incapacidade dos partidos liberais venceram eleições: o dilema do PSD"
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  86. "Direita Neoliberal ou Conservadora, jornal I online"
    http://www.ionline.pt/conteudo/8308-direita-neoliberal-ou-conservadora
  87. "Correio da Manhã"
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  89. "É tão bom ter um Cavaco em Belém, Paulo Gaião, 2008-10-24 01:36, Semanário"
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  92. late night talk show 5 Para a Meia-Noite, RTP 2, 28 July 2009
  93. during his interview with Mário Crespo, the main transversalist/centrist leader, Passos Coelho, referred the return to s
  94. "(2732) O COMPLEXO DE ESQUERDA, TOMAR PARTIDO Sexta-feira, 2 de Maio de 2008"
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  97. "Luís Montenegro, PSD"
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  98. Secretários-gerais, PSD
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  101. Líderes, PSD
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