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Sniper rifle

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Sniper rifle

A sniper rifle is a high-precision, long-range rifle. Requirements include high accuracy, reliability, mobility, concealment, and optics, for anti-personnel, anti-materiel and surveillance uses by military snipers. The modern sniper rifle is a portable shoulder-fired rifle with either a bolt action or semi-automatic action, fitted with a telescopic sight for extreme accuracy and chambered for a high-ballistic performance centerfire cartridge.

Tables

· Capabilities › Accuracy
5.45×39mm
5.45×39mm
Cartridge
5.45×39mm
Maximum effective range (m)
600–800
5.56×45mm NATO
5.56×45mm NATO
Cartridge
5.56×45mm NATO
Maximum effective range (m)
600–800
7.62×51mm NATO
7.62×51mm NATO
Cartridge
7.62×51mm NATO
Maximum effective range (m)
800–1,000
7.62×54mmR
7.62×54mmR
Cartridge
7.62×54mmR
Maximum effective range (m)
800–1,000
300 Winchester Magnum
300 Winchester Magnum
Cartridge
300 Winchester Magnum
Maximum effective range (m)
900–1,200
338 Lapua Magnum
338 Lapua Magnum
Cartridge
338 Lapua Magnum
Maximum effective range (m)
1,200–1,500
12.7×99mm NATO
12.7×99mm NATO
Cartridge
12.7×99mm NATO
Maximum effective range (m)
1,500–2,000
12.7×108mm
12.7×108mm
Cartridge
12.7×108mm
Maximum effective range (m)
1,500–2,000
14.5×114mm
14.5×114mm
Cartridge
14.5×114mm
Maximum effective range (m)
1,800–2,300
Cartridge
Maximum effective range (m)
5.45×39mm
600–800
mm NATO
600–800
mm NATO
800–1,000
mmR
800–1,000
300 Winchester Magnum
900–1,200
338 Lapua Magnum
1,200–1,500
mm NATO
1,500–2,000
12.7×108mm
1,500–2,000
14.5×114mm
1,800–2,300

References

  1. "Whitworth Rifle"
    http://www.americancivilwarstory.com/whitworth-rifle.html
  2. Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Volume 19. Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain).
  3. Out of Nowhere: A history of the military sniper, from the Sharpshooter to Afghanistan
    https://books.google.com/books?id=COCIaPM2_ksC&q=Battle+of+Freeman%27s+Farm+sniping
  4. Raudzens, George (1990). "War-Winning Weapons: The Measurement of Technological Determinism in Military History". The Jo
  5. "Lovat Scouts, Sharpshooters – United Kingdom"
    http://www.snipercentral.com/lovat.phtml
  6. Pegler, Martin. Sniper Rifles: From the 19th to the 21st Century. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2010, p. 31.
  7. Pegler, Martin (2010). Sniper Rifles: From the 19th to the 21st Century. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, p. 36 [ISBN missing]
  8. Pegler, Martin (2004). Out Of Nowhere: A History Of The Military Sniper. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, p. 222. [ISBN missin
  9. "Telescopic Sights For Rifles." The British Medical Journal. vol. 1, no. 2891, 1916, p. 765.
  10. Pegler, Martin (2004). Out Of Nowhere: A History of the Military Sniper. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, p. 16.
  11. Pegler, Martin. Out Of Nowhere: A History of the Military Sniper. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2004, p. 19.
  12. Pegler, Martin (2004). Out Of Nowhere: A History of the Military Sniper. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, pp. 19–20.
  13. Raudzens, George (1990). "War-Winning Weapons: The Measurement of Technological Determinism in Military History". The Jo
  14. Pegler, Martin (2010). Sniper Rifles: From the 19th to the 21st Century. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, p. 6.
  15. Lebleu, Jon (2008). Long Rifle: One Man's Deadly Sniper Missions in Iraq and Afghanistan. Guilford: The Lyons Press, p.
  16. Pegler, Martin (2010). Sniper Rifles: From the 19th to the 21st Century. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, p. 75.
  17. Popenker, Max (2001). "Modern sniper rifles". World Guns.
  18. Plaster, John L. (1993). The Ultimate Sniper: an Advanced Training Manual for Military and Police Snipers: "The informat
  19. Williams, Anthony G. Cartridges for Long-Range Sniping Rifles.
    http://www.quarryhs.co.uk/Long%20Range%20Sniping.htm
  20. Military Technologies of the World
    https://books.google.com/books?id=1IogkgEACAAJ
  21. bobwheeler.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20060926154900/http://www.bobwheeler.com/guns/GroupStat.pdf
  22. U.S. Army Materiel System Analysis Activity
    https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA228398.pdf
  23. Enotus
    https://web.archive.org/web/20091001111040/http://enotus.blog.tut.by/2009/04/09/rasseivanie-vyistrelov-kuchnost-pokazateli-i-zavisimost
  24. everyspec.com
    http://www.everyspec.com/MIL-SPECS/MIL-SPECS-MIL-R/MIL-R-71126_7029/
  25. Tactical Gun Fan
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110606091031/http://www.tacticalgunfan.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=257&Itemid=1
  26. Fbo.gov
    https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&tab=core&id=7c3671c8b65d782bbbfe7da8228f827e&_cview=1
  27. Fbo.gov
    https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=8d443a1c66be88df1e9f29112e711e8a&tab=core&_cview=0&cck=1&au=&ck=
  28. Tactical-life.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090605083044/http://www.tactical-life.com/online/tactical-weapons/socom-psr-contenders
  29. Fbo.gov
    https://web.archive.org/web/20170630021834/https://www.fbo.gov/download/972/972ebf42b8869a5469f37660a30b073d/PSR_Draft_Go-NoGo_090115.pdf
  30. Fbo.gov
    https://web.archive.org/web/20170630030629/https://www.fbo.gov/download/60e/60eec70724f486966d24767ced0559e3/PSR_Questionnaire_090126.pdf
  31. everyspec.com
    http://www.everyspec.com/MIL-PRF/MIL-PRF+%28030000+-+79999%29/MIL-PRF-32316_AMENDMENT-1_25025/
  32. Fbo.gov
    https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=0d5c4ebc69fbb9bd9f37b47f8b0e1cef&tab=core&_cview=1
  33. World Guns
    https://web.archive.org/web/20101229042305/http://world.guns.ru/sniper/sniper-rifles/usa/xm2010-esr-e.html
  34. Guns & Ammo
    https://web.archive.org/web/20050427053318/http://www.gunsandammomag.com/long_guns/pair_042205/index.html
  35. Swat Digest
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070928073549/http://www.swatdigest.com/archives/arch_policesniper.html
  36. American Sniper Association
    http://www.americansniper.org/new_page_12.htm
  37. The Police Operations Page
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070927211223/http://www.emergency.com/polcsnpr.htm
  38. Approximate maximum effective ranges of common cartridges when used in an adequately accurate rifle system with special
    http://www.snipercentral.com/caliber.htm
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